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  • 1
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    Delayed postprandial TAG peak after intake of SFA compared with PUFA in subjects with and without familial hypercholesterolaemia: a randomised controlled trial
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2018
    In:  British Journal of Nutrition Vol. 120, No. 5 ( 2018-09-14), p. 597-597
    Details
    In: British Journal of Nutrition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 120, No. 5 ( 2018-09-14), p. 597-597
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-1145 , 1475-2662
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0007114518001769
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2018
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  • 2
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    Lipoprotein(a) concentration is associated with plasma arachidonic acid in subjects with familial hypercholesterolaemia
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2019
    In:  British Journal of Nutrition Vol. 122, No. 07 ( 2019-10), p. 790-799
    Details
    In: British Journal of Nutrition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 122, No. 07 ( 2019-10), p. 790-799
    Abstract: Elevated lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) is associated with CVD and is mainly genetically determined. Studies suggest a role of dietary fatty acids (FA) in the regulation of Lp(a); however, no studies have investigated the association between plasma Lp(a) concentration and n -6 FA. We aimed to investigate whether plasma Lp(a) concentration was associated with dietary n -6 FA intake and plasma levels of arachidonic acid (AA) in subjects with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH). We included FH subjects with ( n 68) and without ( n 77) elevated Lp(a) defined as ≥75 nmol/l and healthy subjects ( n 14). Total FA profile was analysed by GC–flame ionisation detector analysis, and the daily intake of macronutrients (including the sum of n -6 FA: 18 : 2 n -6, 20 : 2 n -6, 20 : 3 n -6 and 20 : 4 n -6) were computed from completed FFQ. FH subjects with elevated Lp(a) had higher plasma levels of AA compared with FH subjects without elevated Lp(a) ( P = 0·03). Furthermore, both FH subjects with and without elevated Lp(a) had higher plasma levels of AA compared with controls ( P & lt; 0·001). The multivariable analyses showed associations between dietary n -6 FA intake and plasma levels of AA ( P = 0·02) and between plasma levels of Lp(a) and AA ( P = 0·006). Our data suggest a novel link between plasma Lp(a) concentration, dietary n -6 FA and plasma AA concentration, which may explain the small diet-induced increase in Lp(a) levels associated with lifestyle changes. Although the increase may not be clinically relevant, this association may be mechanistically interesting in understanding more of the role and regulation of Lp(a).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-1145 , 1475-2662
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0007114519001600
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 3
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    Reduced plasma concentration of branched-chain amino acids in sarcopenic older subjects: a cross-sectional study
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2018
    In:  British Journal of Nutrition Vol. 120, No. 4 ( 2018-08-28), p. 445-453
    Details
    In: British Journal of Nutrition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 120, No. 4 ( 2018-08-28), p. 445-453
    Abstract: Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are essential amino acids that are necessary for muscle mass maintenance. Little is known about the plasma concentrations of BCAA and the protein intake in relation to sarcopenia. We aimed to compare the non-fasting plasma concentrations of the BCAA and the dietary protein intake between sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic older adults. Norwegian older home-dwelling adults (≥70 years) were invited to a cross-sectional study with no other exclusion criteria than age. Sarcopenic subjects were defined by the diagnostic criteria by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. Non-fasting plasma concentrations of eight amino acids were quantified using NMR spectroscopy. Protein intake was assessed using 2×24-h dietary recalls. In this study, ninety out of 417 subjects (22 %) were sarcopenic, and more women (32 %) than men (11 %) were sarcopenic ( P 〈 0·0001). Sex-adjusted non-fasting plasma concentrations of leucine and isoleucine, and the absolute intake of protein (g/d), were significantly lower among the sarcopenic subjects, when compared with non-sarcopenic subjects ( P =0·003, P =0·026 and P =0·003, respectively). A similar protein intake was observed in the two groups when adjusted for body weight (BW) and sex (1·1 g protein/kg BW per d; P =0·50). We show that sarcopenia is associated with reduced non-fasting plasma concentration of the BCAA leucine and isoleucine, and lower absolute intake of protein. More studies are needed to clarify the clinical relevance of these findings, related to maintenance of muscle mass and prevention of sarcopenia.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-1145 , 1475-2662
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0007114518001307
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2018
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  • 4
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    Oxidised fish oil does not influence established markers of oxidative stress in healthy human subjects: a randomised controlled trial
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2012
    In:  British Journal of Nutrition Vol. 108, No. 2 ( 2012-07-28), p. 315-326
    Details
    In: British Journal of Nutrition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 108, No. 2 ( 2012-07-28), p. 315-326
    Abstract: Intake of fish oil reduces the risk of CHD and CHD deaths. Marine n -3 fatty acids (FA) are susceptible to oxidation, but to our knowledge, the health effects of intake of oxidised fish oil have not previously been investigated in human subjects. The aim of the present study was to investigate markers of oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and inflammation, and the level of plasma n -3 FA after intake of oxidised fish oil. In a double-blinded randomised controlled study, healthy subjects (aged 18–50 years, n 54) were assigned into one of three groups receiving capsules containing either 8 g/d of fish oil (1·6 g/d EPA+DHA; n 17), 8 g/d of oxidised fish oil (1·6 g/d EPA+DHA; n 18) or 8 g/d of high-oleic sunflower oil ( n 19). Fasting blood and morning spot urine samples were collected at weeks 0, 3 and 7. No significant changes between the different groups were observed with regard to urinary 8-iso-PGF 2α ; plasma levels of 4-hydroxy-2-hexenal, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and α-tocopherol; serum high sensitive C-reactive protein; or activity of antioxidant enzymes in erythrocytes. A significant increase in plasma level of EPA+DHA was observed in both fish oil groups, but no significant difference was observed between the fish oil groups. No changes in a variety of in vivo markers of oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation or inflammation were observed after daily intake of oxidised fish oil for 3 or 7 weeks, indicating that intake of oxidised fish oil may not have unfavourable short-term effects in healthy human subjects.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-1145 , 1475-2662
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0007114511005484
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2012
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  • 5
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    Effects of similar intakes of marine n -3 fatty acids from enriched food products and fish oil on cardiovascular risk markers in healthy human subjects
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2012
    In:  British Journal of Nutrition Vol. 107, No. 9 ( 2012-05-14), p. 1339-1349
    Details
    In: British Journal of Nutrition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 107, No. 9 ( 2012-05-14), p. 1339-1349
    Abstract: There is convincing evidence that consumption of fish and fish oil rich in long-chain (LC) n -3 PUFA ( n -3 LCPUFA), EPA (20 : 5 n -3) and DHA (22 : 6 n -3) reduce the risk of CHD. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether n -3 LCPUFA-enriched food products provide similar beneficial effects as fish oil with regard to incorporation into plasma lipids and effects on cardiovascular risk markers. A parallel 7-week intervention trial was performed where 159 healthy men and women were randomised to consume either 34 g fish pâté ( n 44), 500 ml fruit juice ( n 38) or three capsules of concentrated fish oil ( n 40), all contributing to a daily intake of approximately 1 g EPA and DHA. A fourth group did not receive any supplementation or food product and served as controls ( n 37). Plasma fatty acid composition, serum lipids, and markers of inflammation and oxidative stress were measured. Compared with the control group, plasma n -3 LCPUFA and EPA:arachidonic acid ratio increased equally in all intervention groups. However, no significant changes in blood lipids and markers of inflammation and oxidative stress were observed. In conclusion, enriched fish pâté and fruit juice represent suitable delivery systems for n -3 LCPUFA. However, although the dose given is known to reduce the risk of CVD, no significant changes were observed on cardiovascular risk markers in this healthy population.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-1145 , 1475-2662
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0007114511004508
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2012
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  • 6
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    Delayed postprandial TAG peak after intake of SFA compared with PUFA in subjects with and without familial hypercholesterolaemia: a randomised controlled trial
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2018
    In:  British Journal of Nutrition Vol. 119, No. 10 ( 2018-05-28), p. 1142-1150
    Details
    In: British Journal of Nutrition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 119, No. 10 ( 2018-05-28), p. 1142-1150
    Abstract: Postprandial hypertriacylglycerolaemia is associated with an increased risk of developing CVD. How fat quality influences postprandial lipid response is scarcely explored in subjects with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH). The aim of this study was to investigate the postprandial response of TAG and lipid sub-classes after consumption of high-fat meals with different fat quality in subjects with FH compared with normolipidaemic controls. A randomised controlled double-blind cross-over study with two meals and two groups was performed. A total of thirteen hypercholesterolaemic subjects with FH who discontinued lipid-lowering treatment 4 weeks before and during the study, and fourteen normolipidaemic controls, were included. Subjects were aged 18–30 years and had a BMI of 18·5–30·0 kg/m 2 . Each meal consisted of a muffin containing 60 g (70 E%) of fat, either mainly SFA (40 E%) or PUFA (40 E%), eaten in a random order with a wash-out period of 3–5 weeks between the meals. Blood samples were collected at baseline (fasting) and 2, 4 and 6 h after intake of the meals. In both FH and control subjects, the level of TAG and the largest VLDL sub-classes peaked at 2 h after intake of PUFA and at 4 h after intake of SFA. No significant differences were found in TAG levels between meals or between groups (0·25≤ P ≤0·72). The distinct TAG peaks may reflect differences in the postprandial lipid metabolism after intake of fatty acids with different chain lengths and degrees of saturation. The clinical impact of these findings remains to be determined.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-1145 , 1475-2662
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0007114518000673
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2018
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  • 7
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    Effect of the fat composition of a single high-fat meal on inflammatory markers in healthy young women
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2011
    In:  British Journal of Nutrition Vol. 106, No. 12 ( 2011-12-28), p. 1826-1835
    Details
    In: British Journal of Nutrition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 106, No. 12 ( 2011-12-28), p. 1826-1835
    Abstract: The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of a single high-fat meal with different fat quality on circulating inflammatory markers and gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to elucidate the role of fat quality on postprandial inflammation. A postprandial study with fourteen healthy females consuming three test meals with different fat quality was performed. Test days were separated by 2 weeks. Fasting and postprandial blood samples at 3 and 6 h after intake were analysed. The test meal consisted of three cakes enriched with coconut fat (43 % energy as saturated fat and 1 % energy as α-linolenic acid (ALA)), linseed oil (14 % energy as ALA and 30 % energy as saturated fat) and cod liver oil (5 % energy as EPA and DHA and 5 % energy as ALA in addition to 31 % energy as saturated fat). In addition, ex vivo PBMC experiments were performed in eight healthy subjects investigating the effects of EPA and ALA on release and gene expression of inflammatory markers. The IL-8 mRNA level was significantly increased after intake of the cod liver oil cake at 6 h compared with fasting level, which was significantly different from the effect observed after the intake of linseed cake. In contrast, no effect was seen on circulating level of IL-8. In addition, ALA and EPA were shown to elicit different effects on the release and mRNA expression levels of inflammatory markers in PBMC cultured ex vivo , with EPA having the most prominent pro-inflammatory potential.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-1145 , 1475-2662
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0007114511002510
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2011
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  • 8
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    Bioavailability of n -3 fatty acids from n -3-enriched foods and fish oil with different oxidative quality in healthy human subjects: a randomised single-meal cross-over study
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2016
    In:  Journal of Nutritional Science Vol. 5 ( 2016)
    Details
    In: Journal of Nutritional Science, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 5 ( 2016)
    Abstract: Regular consumption of long-chain n -3 fatty acids (LC n -3 FA) reduces postprandial triacylglycerolaemia. Functional foods and supplements are alternative sources of LC n -3 FA; however, emulsification technologies, food matrices and altered lipid oxidation levels affect their bioavailability. Moreover, which functional foods are optimal LC n -3 FA carriers is unknown. The aim of the study was to determine the bioavailability of LC n -3 FA and the postprandial TAG response after the intake of oxidised or non-oxidised cod liver oil and after the intake of emulsified or non-emulsified LC n -3 FA using novel functional food items as LC n -3 FA carriers in a randomised cross-over acute study. A total of twenty-four healthy subjects completed the study in which subjects consumed one of four different test meals containing 1·5 g LC n -3 FA, or a control meal with no LC n -3 FA. Postprandial TAG-rich lipoproteins were isolated and their fatty acid composition was measured. The LC n -3 FA from emulsified foods were more rapidly incorporated into TAG-rich lipoproteins compared with non-emulsified foods. The incorporation of LC n -3 FA was similar for oils emulsified in yogurt or juice and was unaffected by the oxidative status of the oil. Postprandial TAG levels did not differ among the various test meals. In conclusion, emulsification increases the bioavailability of LC n -3 FA through a more rapid incorporation into TAG-rich lipoproteins, and juice and yogurt are equally suited as LC n -3 FA carriers. The acute intake of oxidised cod liver oil does not influence the incorporation of LC n -3 FA into TAG-rich lipoproteins.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2048-6790
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/jns.2016.34
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2016
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  • 9
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    Effects of fish and krill oil on gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and circulating markers of inflammation: a randomised controlled trial
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2018
    In:  Journal of Nutritional Science Vol. 7 ( 2018)
    Details
    In: Journal of Nutritional Science, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 7 ( 2018)
    Abstract: Marine n -3 (omega-3) fatty acids alter gene expression by regulating the activity of transcription factors. Krill oil is a source of marine n -3 fatty acids that has been shown to modulate gene expression in animal studies; however, the effect in humans is not known. Hence, we aimed to compare the effect of intake of krill oil, lean and fatty fish with a similar content of n -3 fatty acids, and high-oleic sunflower oil (HOSO) with added astaxanthin on the expression of genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism and inflammation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) as well as circulating inflammatory markers. In an 8-week trial, healthy men and women aged 18–70 years with fasting TAG of 1·3–4·0 mmol/l were randomised to receive krill oil capsules ( n 12), HOSO capsules ( n 12) or lean and fatty fish ( n 12). The weekly intakes of marine n -3 fatty acids from the interventions were 4654, 0 and 4103 mg, respectively. The mRNA expression of four genes, PPAR γ coactivator 1A ( PPARGC1A ), steaoryl-CoA desaturase ( SCD ), ATP binding cassette A1 ( ABCA1 ) and cluster of differentiation 40 ( CD40 ), were differently altered by the interventions. Furthermore, within-group analyses revealed that krill oil down-regulated the mRNA expression of thirteen genes, including genes involved in glucose and cholesterol metabolism and β-oxidation. Fish altered the mRNA expression of four genes and HOSO down-regulated sixteen genes, including several inflammation-related genes. There were no differences between the groups in circulating inflammatory markers after the intervention. In conclusion, the intake of krill oil and HOSO with added astaxanthin alter the PBMC mRNA expression of more genes than the intake of fish.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2048-6790
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/jns.2018.2
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2018
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  • 10
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    Sex differences in postprandial responses to different dairy products on lipoprotein subclasses: a randomised controlled cross-over trial
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2019
    In:  British Journal of Nutrition Vol. 122, No. 07 ( 2019-10), p. 780-789
    Details
    In: British Journal of Nutrition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 122, No. 07 ( 2019-10), p. 780-789
    Abstract: Men have earlier first-time event of CHD and higher postprandial TAG response compared with women. The aim of this exploratory sub-study was to investigate if intake of meals with the same amount of fat from different dairy products affects postprandial lipoprotein subclasses differently in healthy women and men. A total of thirty-three women and fourteen men were recruited to a randomised controlled cross-over study with four dairy meals consisting of butter, cheese, whipped cream or sour cream, corresponding to 45 g of fat (approximately 60 energy percent). Blood samples were taken at 0, 2, 4 and 6 h postprandially. Lipoprotein subclasses were measured using NMR and analysed using a linear mixed model. Sex had a significant impact on the response in M-VLDL ( P =0·04), S-LDL ( P =0·05), XL-HDL ( P =0·009) and L-HDL ( P =0·001) particle concentration (P), with women having an overall smaller increase in M-VLDL-P, a larger decrease in S-LDL-P and a larger increase in XL- and L-HDL-P compared with men, independent of meal. Men showed a decrease in XS-VLDL-P compared with women after intake of sour cream ( P & lt;0·01). In men only, XS-VLDL-P decreased after intake of sour cream compared with all other meals ( v . butter: P =0·001; v . cheese: P =0·04; v . whipped cream: P =0·006). Meals with the same amount of fat from different dairy products induce different postprandial effects on lipoprotein subclass concentrations in men and women.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-1145 , 1475-2662
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0007114519001429
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2019
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