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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Factor Structure, Convergent Validity, and Discriminant Validity of the NIH Toolbox Cognitive Health Battery (NIHTB-CHB) in Adults
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2014
    In:  Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society Vol. 20, No. 6 ( 2014-07), p. 579-587
    Details
    In: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 20, No. 6 ( 2014-07), p. 579-587
    Abstract: The objective of this study is to evaluate the construct validity of the NIH Neurobehavioral Toolbox Cognitive Health Battery (NIHTB-CHB) in adults. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate the dimensional structure underlying the NIHTB-CHB and Gold Standard tests chosen to serve as concurrent validity criteria for the NIHTB-CHB. These results were used to evaluate the convergent and discriminant validity of the NIHTB-CHB in adults ranging from 20 to 85 years of age. Five dimensions were found to explain the correlations among NIHTB-CHB and Gold Standard tests: Vocabulary, Reading, Episodic Memory, Working Memory and Executive Function/Processing Speed. NIHTB-CHB measures and their Gold Standard analogues defined factors in a pattern that broadly supported the convergent and discriminant validity of the NIHTB-CHB tests. This 5-factor structure was found to be invariant across 20–60 year old ( N =159) and 65–85 year old ( N =109) age groups that were included in the current validity study. Second order Crystallized Abilities (Vocabulary and Reading) and Fluid Abilities (Episodic Memory, Working Memory, Executive/Speed) factors parsimoniously explained correlations among the five first order factors. These results suggest that the NIHTB-CHB will provide both fine-grained and broad characterization of cognition across the adult age span. ( JINS , 2014, 20 , 1–9)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1355-6177 , 1469-7661
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S1355617714000307
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2000018-2
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Cognition Battery of the NIH Toolbox for Assessment of Neurological and Behavioral Function: Validation in an Adult Sample
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2014
    In:  Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society Vol. 20, No. 6 ( 2014-07), p. 567-578
    Details
    In: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 20, No. 6 ( 2014-07), p. 567-578
    Abstract: This study introduces a special series on validity studies of the Cognition Battery (CB) from the U.S. National Institutes of Health Toolbox for the Assessment of Neurological and Behavioral Function (NIHTB) (Gershon, Wagster et al., 2013) in an adult sample. This first study in the series describes the sample, each of the seven instruments in the NIHTB-CB briefly, and the general approach to data analysis. Data are provided on test–retest reliability and practice effects, and raw scores (mean, standard deviation, range) are presented for each instrument and the gold standard instruments used to measure construct validity. Accompanying papers provide details on each instrument, including information about instrument development, psychometric properties, age and education effects on performance, and convergent and discriminant construct validity. One study in the series is devoted to a factor analysis of the NIHTB-CB in adults and another describes the psychometric properties of three composite scores derived from the individual measures representing fluid and crystallized abilities and their combination. The NIHTB-CB is designed to provide a brief, comprehensive, common set of measures to allow comparisons among disparate studies and to improve scientific communication. ( JINS , 2014, 20 , 1–12)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1355-6177 , 1469-7661
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S1355617714000320
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2000018-2
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    NIH Toolbox Cognitive Battery (NIHTB-CB): The NIHTB Pattern Comparison Processing Speed Test
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2014
    In:  Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society Vol. 20, No. 6 ( 2014-07), p. 630-641
    Details
    In: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 20, No. 6 ( 2014-07), p. 630-641
    Abstract: The NIH Toolbox (NIHTB) Pattern Comparison Processing Speed Test was developed to assess processing speed within the NIHTB for the Assessment of Neurological Behavior and Function Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB). This study highlights validation data collected in adults ages 18–85 on this measure and reports descriptive data, test–retest reliability, construct validity, and preliminary work creating a composite index of processing speed. Results indicated good test–retest reliability. There was also evidence for both convergent and discriminant validity; the Pattern Comparison Processing Speed Test demonstrated moderate significant correlations with other processing speed tests (i.e., WAIS-IV Coding, Symbol Search and Processing Speed Index), small significant correlations with measures of working memory (i.e., WAIS-IV Letter-Number Sequencing and PASAT), and non-significant correlations with a test of vocabulary comprehension (i.e., PPVT-IV). Finally, analyses comparing and combining scores on the NIHTB Pattern Comparison Processing Speed Test with other measures of simple reaction time from the NIHTB-CB indicated that a Processing Speed Composite score performed better than any test examined in isolation. The NIHTB Pattern Comparison Processing Speed Test exhibits several strengths: it is appropriate for use across the lifespan (ages, 3–85 years), it is short and easy to administer, and it has high construct validity. ( JINS , 2014, 20 , 1–12)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1355-6177 , 1469-7661
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S1355617714000319
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2000018-2
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Exploring the clinical utility of WAIS–III and WMS–III
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2001
    In:  Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society Vol. 7, No. 7 ( 2001-11), p. 860-861
    Details
    In: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 7, No. 7 ( 2001-11), p. 860-861
    Abstract: While some of the modifications made to produce the WAIS–III and WMS–III (Wechsler, 1997a, 1997b) make sense from a neuropsychological standpoint, there are many questions still unanswered about the validity and reliability of these tests and their ultimate utility to neuropsychologists. The new tests have been criticized for having long administration times, which is problematic given pressures to decrease rather than increase the length and cost of neuropsychological evaluations (Ryan et al., 1998). Clinical neuropsychologists want to know if these tests can help them evaluate their patients more accurately with greater sensitivity and specificity than the alternatives, and experimental neuropsychologists want to know if they can help answer theoretical questions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1355-6177 , 1469-7661
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S1355617701777089
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2001
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2000018-2
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB): List Sorting Test to Measure Working Memory
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2014
    In:  Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society Vol. 20, No. 6 ( 2014-07), p. 599-610
    Details
    In: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 20, No. 6 ( 2014-07), p. 599-610
    Abstract: The List Sorting Working Memory Test was designed to assess working memory (WM) as part of the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery. List Sorting is a sequencing task requiring children and adults to sort and sequence stimuli that are presented visually and auditorily. Validation data are presented for 268 participants ages 20 to 85 years. A subset of participants ( N =89) was retested 7 to 21 days later. As expected, the List Sorting Test had moderately high correlations with other measures of working memory and executive functioning (convergent validity) but a low correlation with a test of receptive vocabulary (discriminant validity). Furthermore, List Sorting demonstrates expected changes over the age span and has excellent test–retest reliability. Collectively, these results provide initial support for the construct validity of the List Sorting Working Memory Measure as a measure of working memory. However, the relationship between the List Sorting Test and general executive function has yet to be determined. ( JINS , 2014, 20 , 1–12)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1355-6177 , 1469-7661
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S135561771400040X
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2000018-2
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The influence of IQ Stratification on WAIS–III/WMS–III FSIQ–General Memory Index discrepancy base-rates in the standardization sample
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2001
    In:  Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society Vol. 7, No. 7 ( 2001-11), p. 875-880
    Details
    In: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 7, No. 7 ( 2001-11), p. 875-880
    Abstract: Since memory performance expectations may be IQ-based, unidirectional base rate data for IQ-Memory Score discrepancies are provided in the WAIS–III/WMS–III Technical Manual . The utility of these data partially rests on the assumption that discrepancy base rates do not vary across ability levels. FSIQ stratified base rate data generated from the standardization sample, however, demonstrate substantial variability across the IQ spectrum. A superiority of memory score over FSIQ is typical at lower IQ levels, whereas the converse is true at higher IQ levels. These data indicate that the use of IQ–memory score unstratified “simple difference” tables could lead to erroneous conclusions for clients with low or high IQ. IQ stratified standardization base rate data are provided as a complement to the “predicted difference” method detailed in the Technical Manual . ( JINS , 2001, 7 , 875–880.)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1355-6177 , 1469-7661
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S1355617701777119
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2001
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2000018-2
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Reliability and Validity of Composite Scores from the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery in Adults
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2014
    In:  Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society Vol. 20, No. 6 ( 2014-07), p. 588-598
    Details
    In: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 20, No. 6 ( 2014-07), p. 588-598
    Abstract: This study describes psychometric properties of the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB) Composite Scores in an adult sample. The NIHTB-CB was designed for use in epidemiologic studies and clinical trials for ages 3 to 85. A total of 268 self-described healthy adults were recruited at four university-based sites, using stratified sampling guidelines to target demographic variability for age (20–85 years), gender, education, and ethnicity. The NIHTB-CB contains seven computer-based instruments assessing five cognitive sub-domains: Language, Executive Function, Episodic Memory, Processing Speed, and Working Memory. Participants completed the NIHTB-CB, corresponding gold standard validation measures selected to tap the same cognitive abilities, and sociodemographic questionnaires. Three Composite Scores were derived for both the NIHTB-CB and gold standard batteries: “Crystallized Cognition Composite,” “Fluid Cognition Composite,” and “Total Cognition Composite” scores. NIHTB Composite Scores showed acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach’s alphas=0.84 Crystallized, 0.83 Fluid, 0.77 Total), excellent test–retest reliability (r: 0.86–0.92), strong convergent (r: 0.78–0.90) and discriminant (r: 0.19–0.39) validities versus gold standard composites, and expected age effects ( r =0.18 crystallized, r =−0.68 fluid, r =−0.26 total). Significant relationships with self-reported prior school difficulties and current health status, employment, and presence of a disability provided evidence of external validity. The NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery Composite Scores have excellent reliability and validity, suggesting they can be used effectively in epidemiologic and clinical studies. ( JINS , 2014, 20 , 1–11)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1355-6177 , 1469-7661
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S1355617714000241
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2000018-2
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Criterion validity of new WAIS–III subtest scores after traumatic brain injury
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2001
    In:  Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society Vol. 7, No. 7 ( 2001-11), p. 892-898
    Details
    In: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 7, No. 7 ( 2001-11), p. 892-898
    Abstract: The criterion validity of the new subtests from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Third Edition (WAIS–III; Wechsler, 1997) was evaluated in a sample of 100 patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Letter–Number Sequencing and Symbol Search, but not Matrix Reasoning, yielded statistically significant differences in performance between patients with moderate–severe TBI, patients with mild TBI, and demographically matched controls. Level of education accounted for a statistically significant amount of variance in the performance of patients with TBI, in addition to that explained by injury severity variables. It is concluded that Letter–Number Sequencing and Symbol Search have satisfactory criterion validity, but that they need to be supplemented with other measures in the context of neuropsychological evaluations. Matrix Reasoning, on the other hand, is not sensitive to the sequelae of TBI and more studies are needed to determine how it can be used for neuropsychological assessment purposes. ( JINS , 2001, 7 , 892–898.)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1355-6177 , 1469-7661
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S1355617701777132
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2001
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2000018-2
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    WAIS–III reliability data for clinical groups
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2001
    In:  Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society Vol. 7, No. 7 ( 2001-11), p. 862-866
    Details
    In: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 7, No. 7 ( 2001-11), p. 862-866
    Abstract: Reliability estimates for psychological tests are almost always reported for nonclinical populations (e.g., the normative samples). Such practice will no longer be sufficient as the new standards for testing call for an adequate assessment of psychometric properties within the specific population being tested. The purpose of this study was to provide internal consistency reliability estimates for clinical groups on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Third Edition. The study included data from 403 clinical participants composed of 10 groups of adults recruited as part of the WAIS–III clinical validity studies. Split-half reliability coefficients were obtained for these groups replicating the procedure used in the WAIS–III. With 8 of the clinical groups, the split-half reliability coefficients were comparable to, or even higher than, those reported for the WAIS–III standardization sample. In general, the split-half coefficients for the Verbal subtests tended to be higher than the coefficients for the Performance subtests. The high magnitude and general pattern of these coefficients demonstrate that the WAIS–III scales do not include additional error variance above and beyond what is reported in the WAIS–III–WMS–III Technical Manual when it was used to assess certain clinical groups. For the ADHD/ADD and learning disabilities groups, however, the internal consistencies coefficients of some subtests were relatively lower, although not statistically significant, than the normative sample. These findings may reflect more heterogeneity within the groups. The implications for assessment and for using alternate methods of determining the psychometric properties in these populations are discussed. ( JINS , 2001, 7 , 862–866.)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1355-6177 , 1469-7661
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S1355617701777090
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2001
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2000018-2
    SSG: 5,2
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