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  • Cambridge University Press (CUP)  (7)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Project Energize: whole-region primary school nutrition and physical activity programme; evaluation of body size and fitness 5 years after the randomised controlled trial
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2014
    In:  British Journal of Nutrition Vol. 111, No. 2 ( 2014-01-28), p. 363-371
    Details
    In: British Journal of Nutrition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 111, No. 2 ( 2014-01-28), p. 363-371
    Abstract: Project Energize, a region-wide whole-school nutrition and physical activity programme, commenced as a randomised controlled trial (RCT) in the period 2004–6 in 124 schools in Waikato, New Zealand. In 2007, sixty-two control schools were engaged in the programme, and by 2011, all but two of the 235 schools in the region were engaged. Energizers (trained nutrition and physical activity specialists) work with eight to twelve schools each to achieve the goals of the programme, which are based on healthier eating and enhanced physical activity. In 2011, indices of obesity and physical fitness of 2474 younger (7·58 ( sd 0·57) years) and 2330 older (10·30 ( sd 0·51) years) children attending 193 of the 235 primary schools were compared with historical measurements. After adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, socio-economic status (SES) and school cluster effects, the combined prevalence of obesity and overweight among younger and older children in 2011 was lower by 31 and 15 %, respectively, than that among ‘unEnergized’ children in the 2004 to 2006 RCT. Similarly, BMI was lower by 3·0 % (95 % CI − 5·8, − 1·3) and 2·4 % (95 % CI − 4·3, − 0·5). Physical fitness (time taken to complete a 550 m run) was significantly higher in the Energized children (13·7 and 11·3 %, respectively) than in a group of similarly aged children from another region. These effects were observed for boys and girls, both indigenous Māori and non-Māori children, and across SES. The long-term regional commitment to the Energize programme in schools may potentially lead to a secular reduction in the prevalence of overweight and obesity and gains in physical fitness, which may reduce the risk of developing obesity and type 2 diabetes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-1145 , 1475-2662
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0007114513002316
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016047-1
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  • 2
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    Vitamin D status of Year 3 children and supplementation through schools with fortified milk
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2009
    In:  Public Health Nutrition Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2009-12), p. 2329-2334
    Details
    In: Public Health Nutrition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2009-12), p. 2329-2334
    Abstract: To evaluate levels of vitamin D 3 and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), and the ratio of HDL-C to LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), in schoolchildren receiving vitamin-D-fortified, fat-depleted, high-Ca milk in schools. Design Cross-sectional study of previously randomised schools receiving supplemental milk, compared with a matched control group. Setting Low-decile Year 1–6 schools in the Waikato region of New Zealand. Subjects Year 3 children from either milk schools or control schools, consenting to blood sampling. Results For eighty-nine children receiving supplementary daily milk, vitamin D 3 levels were significantly higher than in eighty-three control children matched for age, sex, body composition and ethnicity (mean ( sd ): 49·6 (15·8) v . 43·8 (14·7) nmol/l, P = 0·011), as were HDL-C levels (mean ( sd ): 1·47 (0·35) v . 1·35 (0·29) mmol/l, P = 0·024) and HDL-C:LDL-C (median: 0·79 v . 0·71, P = 0·026). LDL-C levels were similar in both groups (mean ( sd ): 2·07 (0·55) v . 2·16 (0·60) mmol/l, P = 0·31). Of control children, 32/83 (20·2 %) of the milk group (Pearson’s χ 2 = 7·00, P = 0·008). Mean 25-hydroxyvitamin D (vitamin D 3 ) levels in the milk group were still below the lower end of the recommended normal range (60 nmol/l). Conclusions Vitamin D 3 levels are low in low-decile Year 3 children in midwinter. Levels are improved with vitamin-D-fortified milk but still below the recommended range. HDL-C and HDL-C:LDL-C levels are improved in the milk-supplemented group. This supports the supply of vitamin-D-fortified, fat-reduced milk to schools.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1368-9800 , 1475-2727
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S1368980008004357
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016337-X
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  • 3
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    An integrated program of computer-presented and physical cognitive training exercises for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2021
    In:  Psychological Medicine Vol. 51, No. 9 ( 2021-07), p. 1524-1535
    Details
    In: Psychological Medicine, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 51, No. 9 ( 2021-07), p. 1524-1535
    Abstract: This study integrated an experimental medicine approach and a randomized cross-over clinical trial design following CONSORT recommendations to evaluate a cognitive training (CT) intervention for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The experimental medicine approach was adopted because of documented pathophysiological heterogeneity within the diagnosis of ADHD. The cross-over design was adopted to provide the intervention for all participants and make maximum use of data. Methods Children ( n = 93, mean age 7.3 +/− 1.1 years) with or sub-threshold for ADHD were randomly assigned to CT exercises over 15 weeks, before or after 15 weeks of treatment-as-usual (TAU). Fifteen dropped out of the CT/TAU group and 12 out of the TAU/CT group, leaving 66 for cross-over analysis. Seven in the CT/TAU group completed CT before dropping out making 73 available for experimental medicine analyses. Attention, response inhibition, and working memory were assessed before and after CT and TAU. Results Children were more likely to improve with CT than TAU (27/66 v. 13/66, McNemar p = 0.02). Consistent with the experimental medicine hypotheses, responders improved on all tests of executive function ( p = 0.009–0.01) while non-responders improved on none ( p = 0.27–0.81). The degree of clinical improvement was predicted by baseline and change scores in focused attention and working memory ( p = 0.008). The response rate was higher in inattentive and combined subtypes than hyperactive-impulsive subtype ( p = 0.003). Conclusions Targeting cognitive dysfunction decreases clinical symptoms in proportion to improvement in cognition. Inattentive and combined subtypes were more likely to respond, consistent with targeted pathology and clinically relevant heterogeneity within ADHD.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0033-2917 , 1469-8978
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0033291720000288
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1470300-2
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 4
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    In response to Letter to the Editor: beyond the randomised control – assessment tool
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2015
    In:  Public Health Nutrition Vol. 18, No. 11 ( 2015-08), p. 2095-2095
    Details
    In: Public Health Nutrition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 18, No. 11 ( 2015-08), p. 2095-2095
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1368-9800 , 1475-2727
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S136898001500155X
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016337-X
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  • 5
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    Increasing activity and improving nutrition through a schools-based programme: Project Energize. 1. Design, programme, randomisation and evaluation methodology
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2008
    In:  Public Health Nutrition Vol. 11, No. 10 ( 2008-10), p. 1076-1084
    Details
    In: Public Health Nutrition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 11, No. 10 ( 2008-10), p. 1076-1084
    Abstract: Project Energize is a through-school nutrition and activity programme that is being evaluated in a 2-year, cluster-randomised, longitudinal study. The present paper describes the background of the programme and study, the programme development and delivery, the study methodology including randomisation, measurement and analysis tools and techniques, and the mix of the study population. The programme is being delivered to sixty-two primary schools with sixty-two control schools, each limb containing about 11 000 students. The children in the evaluation cohort are 5 or 10 years old at enrolment; the randomisation protocol has achieved post-consent enrolment of 3000 evaluation participants, who are comparable by age, sex and school decile. End-point measures include body composition and associated physical characteristics, fitness, home and school environment and practice.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1368-9800 , 1475-2727
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S136898000700153X
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016337-X
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Beyond the randomised controlled trial and BMI – evaluation of effectiveness of through-school nutrition and physical activity programmes
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2015
    In:  Public Health Nutrition Vol. 18, No. 9 ( 2015-06), p. 1578-1581
    Details
    In: Public Health Nutrition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 18, No. 9 ( 2015-06), p. 1578-1581
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1368-9800 , 1475-2727
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S1368980014003322
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016337-X
    SSG: 21
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    A school-based obesity control programme: Project Energize. Two-year outcomes
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2012
    In:  British Journal of Nutrition Vol. 107, No. 4 ( 2012-02-28), p. 581-587
    Details
    In: British Journal of Nutrition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 107, No. 4 ( 2012-02-28), p. 581-587
    Abstract: Through-school nutrition and physical activity interventions are designed to help reduce excess weight gain and risk of chronic disease. From 2004 to 2006, Project Energize was delivered in the Waikato Region of New Zealand as a longitudinal randomised controlled study of 124 schools (year 1–6), stratified by rurality and social deprivation, and randomly assigned to intervention or control. Children (686 boys and 662 girls) aged 5 (1926) and 10 (1426) years (692 interventions and 660 controls) had height, weight, body fat (by bioimpedance) and resting blood pressure (BP) measured at baseline and 2 years later. Each intervention school was assigned an ‘Energizer’; a trained physical activity and nutrition change agent, who worked with the school to achieve goals based on healthier eating and quality physical activity. After adjustment for baseline measures, rurality and social deprivation, the intervention was associated with a reduced accumulation of body fat in younger children and a reduced rate of rise in systolic BP in older children. There was some evidence that the pattern of change within an age group varied with rurality, ethnicity and sex. We conclude that the introduction of an ‘Energizer led’ through-school programme may be associated with health benefits over 2 years, but the trajectory of this change needs to be measured over a longer period. Attention should also be paid to the differing response by ethnicity, sex, age group and the effect of rurality and social deprivation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-1145 , 1475-2662
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0007114511003151
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016047-1
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 21
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