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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Agitation in Nursing Home Residents: The Role of Gender and Social Context
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2000
    In:  International Psychogeriatrics Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2000-12), p. 495-511
    Details
    In: International Psychogeriatrics, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2000-12), p. 495-511
    Abstract: We investigated the relationship among gender of resident, staff social interaction, and agitation in 46 (31 male and 15 female) nursing home residents with clinically significant agitation. Direct observations were conducted of resident behaviors and environmental contextual events using a computer-assisted, real-time observational system. The system recored frequency, duration, and temporal sequencing of events. Results show that female residents displayed almost three times the amount of agitation as male residents (35% vs. 13% of total observation time, respectively), although men in the study were more likely to receive psychoactive drugs for their agitation. Staff spent similar amounts of time verbally interacting and touching male and female residents. Sequential analyses were conducted to examine the likelihood of staff verbal and touch interactions both preceding and following resident agitation using Bakeman and Quera's (1995) SDIS-GSEQ program. Results suggest that staff touch and verbal interaction elicit agitation in a significant proportion of residents. Once agitation occurs, staff were likely to respond by interacting verbally, but not physically, with the resident.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1041-6102 , 1741-203X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S104161020000661X
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2000
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2147136-8
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Associations of perceived stress, depressive symptoms, and caregiving with inflammation: a longitudinal study
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2023
    In:  International Psychogeriatrics Vol. 35, No. 2 ( 2023-02), p. 95-105
    Details
    In: International Psychogeriatrics, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 35, No. 2 ( 2023-02), p. 95-105
    Abstract: Higher inflammation has been linked to poor physical and mental health outcomes, and mortality, but few studies have rigorously examined whether changes in perceived stress and depressive symptoms are associated with increased inflammation within family caregivers and non-caregivers in a longitudinal design. Design: Longitudinal Study. Setting: REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke cohort study. Participants: Participants included 239 individuals who were not caregivers at baseline but transitioned to providing substantial and sustained caregiving over time. They were initially matched to 241 non-caregiver comparisons on age, sex, race, education, marital status, self-rated health, and history of cardiovascular disease. Blood was drawn at baseline and approximately 9.3 years at follow-up for both groups. Measurements: Perceived Stress Scale, Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression, inflammatory biomarkers, including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, D dimer, tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor 1, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, and IL-10 taken at baseline and follow-up. Results: Although at follow-up, caregivers showed significantly greater worsening in perceived stress and depressive symptoms compared to non-caregivers, there were few significant associations between depressive symptoms or perceived stress on inflammation for either group. Inflammation, however, was associated with multiple demographic and health variables, including age, race, obesity, and use of medications for hypertension and diabetes for caregivers and non-caregivers. Conclusions: These findings illustrate the complexity of studying the associations between stress, depressive symptoms, and inflammation in older adults, where these associations may depend on demographic, disease, and medication effects. Future studies should examine whether resilience factors may prevent increased inflammation in older caregivers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1041-6102 , 1741-203X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S1041610222000370
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2147136-8
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    MRI extrahippocampal volumes and visual memory: Correlations independent of MRI hippocampal volumes in temporal lobe epilepsy patients
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 1999
    In:  Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society Vol. 5, No. 6 ( 1999-09), p. 540-548
    Details
    In: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 5, No. 6 ( 1999-09), p. 540-548
    Abstract: Limbic system atrophy and memory dysfunction are common in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). However, the relationship between extrahippocampal limbic structures and memory functioning within TLE has received little attention. The present study examined associations of MRI volumetric measurements of the mammillary body, fornix, amygdala, and hippocampus to measures of episodic verbal and visual memory. The Logical Memory and Visual Reproduction subtests from the Wechsler Memory Scale were administered to 47 unilateral TLE patients (25 right, 22 left). Normalized right and left MRI volumes were determined for each patient by cursor tracing 1.5 mm slices from 3D-MRI. Significant associations were found between left hippocampal volume and the immediate, delayed, and percent retention scores of the Logical Memory Test; between the left mammillary body volume and the Logical Memory Test delayed and percent retention scores; immediate Visual Reproduction performance was significantly related to the right and left amygdala volumes, and right mammillary body volume; only the right amygdala and right mammillary body volume were associated with the delayed Visual Reproduction trial. However, neither right nor left hippocampal volumes were related to visual memory performance. Multiple limbic system structural volumes were independently associated with verbal and nonverbal memory performance. Results suggest that visual memory, as measured by the Visual Reproduction Test, may be uniquely associated with extrahippocampal volumes in patients with TLE. ( JINS , 1999, 5 , 540–548.)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1355-6177 , 1469-7661
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S1355617799566083
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 1999
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2000018-2
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Mental object rotation in Parkinson's disease
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2003
    In:  Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society Vol. 9, No. 7 ( 2003-11), p. 1078-1087
    Details
    In: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 9, No. 7 ( 2003-11), p. 1078-1087
    Abstract: Deficits in visual-spatial ability can be associated with Parkinson's disease (PD), and there are several possible reasons for these deficits. Dysfunction in frontal–striatal and/or frontal–parietal systems, associated with dopamine deficiency, might disrupt cognitive processes either supporting (e.g., working memory) or subserving visual-spatial computations. The goal of this study was to assess visual–spatial orientation ability in individuals with PD using the Mental Rotations Test (MRT), along with other measures of cognitive function. Non-demented men with PD were significantly less accurate on this test than matched control men. In contrast, women with PD performed similarly to matched control women, but both groups of women did not perform much better than chance. Further, mental rotation accuracy in men correlated with their executive skills involving mental processing and psychomotor speed. In women with PD, however, mental rotation accuracy correlated negatively with verbal memory, indicating that higher mental rotation performance was associated with lower ability in verbal memory. These results indicate that PD is associated with visual–spatial orientation deficits in men. Women with PD and control women both performed poorly on the MRT, possibly reflecting a floor effect. Although men and women with PD appear to engage different cognitive processes in this task, the reason for the sex difference remains to be elucidated. ( JINS , 2003, 9 , 1078–1087.)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1355-6177 , 1469-7661
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S1355617703970111
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2003
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2000018-2
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The relevance of oral language skills to early literacy: A multivariate analysis
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 1999
    In:  Applied Psycholinguistics Vol. 20, No. 2 ( 1999-06), p. 167-190
    Details
    In: Applied Psycholinguistics, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 20, No. 2 ( 1999-06), p. 167-190
    Abstract: This study examined relationships between oral language and literacy in a two-year, multivariate design. Through empirical cluster analysis of a sample of 88 kindergarten children, four oral language subtypes were identified based on measures of semantics, syntax, metalinguistics, and oral narration. Validation efforts included (a) concurrent and predictive analyses of subtype differences on reading, spelling, and listening comprehension measures based on a priori hypotheses and (b) a comparison of the teacher classification of the children with the empirical classification. The subtypes represented high average, low average, high narrative, and low overall patterns of oral language skill. The high average subtype received the most consistent evidence for validation. The pattern of validation results indicates that the relationship between oral language and literacy is not uniform and suggests a modification of the assumption that oral language skills have a direct role in reading acquisition.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0142-7164 , 1469-1817
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0142716499002015
    RVK:
    EQ 1285
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 1999
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1499968-7
    SSG: 5,2
    SSG: 7,11
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evaluation of Several Herbicides for Burcucumber ( Sicyos angulatus ) Control in Corn ( Zea mays )
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 1999
    In:  Weed Technology Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 1999-09), p. 520-524
    Details
    In: Weed Technology, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 1999-09), p. 520-524
    Abstract: A postemergence (POST) timing study was conducted on established populations of burcucumber ( Sicyos angulatus ) in corn ( Zea mays ), and a second study examined the residual activity of several herbicides for burcucumber control under greenhouse conditions. In the field study, flumiclorac, halosulfuron, primisulfuron, CGA 152005, and CGA 152005 + primisulfuron (45, 71, 40, 40, and 20 + 20 g ai/ha, respectively) were applied at two POST timings. CGA 152005, primisulfuron, and the combination provided greater than 85% control of burcucumber 14 wk after planting (WAP). Flumiclorac and halosulfuron provided 60% control or less by 8 WAP. Timing of the POST applications did not influence burcucumber control by 11 WAP with any herbicide. In the greenhouse, germinated burcucumber seeds were placed in soil treated with atrazine, chlorimuron, primisulfuron, or CGA 152005 at normal field use rates. All treatments provided similar residual control early; however by 4 wk after treatment (WAT), control from atrazine was less than 10% compared to 69% for chlorimuron and about 50% for primisulfuron and CGA 152005. This research suggests that CGA 152005 and primisulfuron can both be effective for managing burcucumber in corn, whereas flumiclorac and halosulfuron proved ineffective.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0890-037X , 1550-2740
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0890037X00046133
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 1999
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2119100-1
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Design and implementation of a digital site-less clinical study of serial rapid antigen testing to identify asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Clinical and Translational Science Vol. 7, No. 1 ( 2023)
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical and Translational Science, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 7, No. 1 ( 2023)
    Abstract: Rapid antigen detection tests (Ag-RDT) for SARS-CoV-2 with emergency use authorization generally include a condition of authorization to evaluate the test’s performance in asymptomatic individuals when used serially. We aim to describe a novel study design that was used to generate regulatory-quality data to evaluate the serial use of Ag-RDT in detecting SARS-CoV-2 virus among asymptomatic individuals. Methods: This prospective cohort study used a siteless, digital approach to assess longitudinal performance of Ag-RDT. Individuals over 2 years old from across the USA with no reported COVID-19 symptoms in the 14 days prior to study enrollment were eligible to enroll in this study. Participants throughout the mainland USA were enrolled through a digital platform between October 18, 2021 and February 15, 2022. Participants were asked to test using Ag-RDT and molecular comparators every 48 hours for 15 days. Enrollment demographics, geographic distribution, and SARS-CoV-2 infection rates are reported. Key Results: A total of 7361 participants enrolled in the study, and 492 participants tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, including 154 who were asymptomatic and tested negative to start the study. This exceeded the initial enrollment goals of 60 positive participants. We enrolled participants from 44 US states, and geographic distribution of participants shifted in accordance with the changing COVID-19 prevalence nationwide. Conclusions: The digital site-less approach employed in the “Test Us At Home” study enabled rapid, efficient, and rigorous evaluation of rapid diagnostics for COVID-19 and can be adapted across research disciplines to optimize study enrollment and accessibility.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2059-8661
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/cts.2023.540
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2898186-8
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Assessment of a new self-rating scale for post-traumatic stress disorder
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 1997
    In:  Psychological Medicine Vol. 27, No. 1 ( 1997-01), p. 153-160
    Details
    In: Psychological Medicine, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 27, No. 1 ( 1997-01), p. 153-160
    Abstract: Background . In post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) there is a need for self-rating scales that are sensitive to treatment effects and have been tested in a broad range of trauma survivors. Separate measures of frequency and severity may also provide an advantage. Methods . Three hundred and fifty-three men and women completed the Davidson Trauma Scale (DTS), a 17-item scale measuring each DSM-IV symptom of PTSD on 5-point frequency and severity scales. These subjects comprised war veterans, survivors of rape or hurricane and a mixed trauma group participating in a clinical trial. Other scales were included as validity checks as follows: Global ratings, SCL-90-R, Eysenck Scale, Impact of Event Scale and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R. Results . The scale demonstrated good test–retest reliability ( r = 0·86), internal consistency ( r = 0·99). One main factor emerged for severity and a smaller one for intrusion. In PTSD diagnosed subjects, and the factor structure more closely resembled the traditional grouping of symptoms. Concurrent validity was obtained against the SCID, with a diagnostic accuracy of 83% at a DTS score of 40. Good convergent and divergent validity was obtained. The DTS showed predictive validity against response to treatment, as well as being sensitive to treatment effects. Conclusions . The DTS showed good reliability and validity, and offers promised as a scale which is particularly suited to assessing symptom severity, treatment outcome and in screening for the likely diagnosis of PTSD.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0033-2917 , 1469-8978
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0033291796004229
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 1997
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1470300-2
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The contribution of oral language skills to the development of phonological awareness
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2002
    In:  Applied Psycholinguistics Vol. 23, No. 3 ( 2002-09), p. 399-416
    Details
    In: Applied Psycholinguistics, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 23, No. 3 ( 2002-09), p. 399-416
    Abstract: Phonological awareness skills are prerequisite to early reading, yet the development of phonological awareness is an understudied phenomenon. To identify factors that contribute to the development of phonological awareness, we investigated the longitudinal relationships among child background factors, structural oral language, and phonological awareness in a sample of 52 children from kindergarten to second grade and a subsample of this group who were nonreaders in kindergarten. Background measures were IQ, family literacy, socioeconomic status, and child's primary language; oral language measures were receptive and expressive semantics, syntax, and morphology; phonological awareness was measured by segmentation and blending. Principal component analysis of the structural language measures yielded a general oral language factor score. Regression analyses indicated that the background variables were unique predictors of kindergarten general oral language skill but did not predict phonological awareness skills. General oral language accounted for significant and substantial unique variance in phonological awareness each year for both the full sample and the subsample of nonreaders, controlling for reading ability. These findings suggest general oral language may contribute to the development of early reading through its significant influence on the development of phonological awareness.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0142-7164 , 1469-1817
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0142716402003053
    RVK:
    EQ 1285
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2002
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1499968-7
    SSG: 5,2
    SSG: 7,11
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Preliminary indications that the Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-up Intervention alters DNA methylation in maltreated children
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2020
    In:  Development and Psychopathology Vol. 32, No. 4 ( 2020-10), p. 1486-1494
    Details
    In: Development and Psychopathology, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 32, No. 4 ( 2020-10), p. 1486-1494
    Abstract: Maltreatment during development is associated with epigenetic changes to the genome. Enhancing caregiving may mitigate these effects. Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-Up (ABC) is an intervention that has been shown to improve parent–child relationships and a variety of biological and behavioral outcomes among children that are involved in Child Protective Services. This preliminary study, using a small sample size, explored whether children who received ABC exhibit different methylation patterns than those who received a control intervention. The participants included 23 children aged 6–21 months who were randomized to receive ABC ( n = 12) or a control intervention ( n = 11). While the children displayed similar methylation patterns preintervention, DNA methylation varied between the ABC and control groups at 14,828 sites postintervention. Functional pathway analyses indicated that these differences were associated with gene pathways that are involved in cell signaling, metabolism, and neuronal development. This study is one of the first to explore parenting intervention effects on children's DNA methylation at the whole genome level in infancy. These preliminary findings provide a basis for hypothesis generation in further research with larger-scale studies regarding the malleability of epigenetic states that are associated with maltreatment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0954-5794 , 1469-2198
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0954579419001421
    RVK:
    CL 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1501055-7
    SSG: 5,2
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