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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Effect of chitosan on production performance of feedlot lambs
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2018
    In:  The Journal of Agricultural Science Vol. 156, No. 9 ( 2018-11), p. 1138-1144
    Details
    In: The Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 156, No. 9 ( 2018-11), p. 1138-1144
    Abstract: Intake, digestibility, nitrogen (N) balance, microbial protein synthesis, weight gain, yields of the main commercial cuts and carcass morphometric measurements were evaluated in lambs fed diets containing different levels of chitosan. Sixty Santa Inês crossbred sheep with an average body weight (BW) of 24 ± 2.2 kg were assigned to three treatments (diets containing 0, 136 or 272 mg chitosan/kg BW) in a completely randomized design. There was no effect of chitosan on dry matter (DM) intake. Ingested and retained N showed a quadratic response, with the highest values estimated at the chitosan levels of 142 and 152 mg/kg BW, respectively. Similar to N balance, microbial protein synthesis showed the same quadratic response, in which the level of 136 mg/kg BW resulted in higher synthesis when compared with the other levels. No effect of chitosan was detected on average daily gain, final weight, or carcass variables (hot carcass weight, cold carcass weight, yield of commercial cuts and morphometric measurements of the carcass). Conformation, visceral fat content and fatness of carcasses were also not altered by the use of chitosan. Chitosan improves the digestibility of DM, crude protein and neutral detergent fibre, and increases N balance and microbial protein synthesis but does not change the production performance of feedlot lambs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8596 , 1469-5146
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0021859619000017
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498349-7
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  • 2
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    Effects of different sources of forage in high-concentrate diets on fermentation parameters, ruminal biohydrogenation and microbiota in Nellore feedlot steers
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2016
    In:  The Journal of Agricultural Science Vol. 154, No. 5 ( 2016-07), p. 928-941
    Details
    In: The Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 154, No. 5 ( 2016-07), p. 928-941
    Abstract: Modifying the extent of fatty acid (FA) biohydrogenation (BH) in the rumen through diet formulation is an effective strategy for changing the content of unsaturated FAs (USFAs) in meat. The present study investigated the effects of different sources of forage in high-concentrate diets on intake, digestibility, rumen fermentation, ruminal BH, duodenal flow of FAs and rumen microbiota in Nellore steers. Intake of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) was higher in animals fed with maize silage (MS) than in those fed with sugar cane (SC) and sugar cane bagasse (SB). Higher digestibility of dry matter and NDF was found in animals fed with MS than in those fed with the other diets. In addition, higher crude protein digestibility was observed in animals fed with sugar cane bagasse than in those fed with SC. Non-fibre carbohydrate (NFC) digestibility was higher in animals fed with sugar cane than in those fed with the other diets. Intake of total and individual FAs such as C18 : 1 cis -9, C18 : 2, and C18 : 3 was similar between animals fed with MS and SB, but decreased in animals fed with SC. Diets containing MS and SB showed higher total digestibility of saturated FAs (SFAs) and USFAs, respectively and total FAs and ruminal BH of C18 : 1 and USFA. Intestinal digestibility of overall FAs did not differ among treatments, except for C18 : 3, which increased in animals fed with SC and SB. The profile of FAs in duodenal digesta and faecal outputs did not differ among treatments. However, the flow of NDF was higher in animals fed with SC than in those fed with MS and SB. Animals fed with SB showed higher values of pH than those fed with MS and SC. Animals fed with SC showed lower values of ammonia-nitrogen. Protozoan counts were only influenced by diet for species that belonged to the genera Dasytricha and Isotricha . Populations of fibrolytic bacteria ( Ruminococus flavefaciens, Ruminococus albus and Fibrobacter succinogenes ) were similar among diets. Populations of Selenomonas ruminantium increased 2·5 and 5 times in animals fed with MS when compared with those fed with SC and SB, respectively. The use of MS increased intake and digestibility of NDF, and the use of SC decreased ruminal BH of total USFA without changing the flow of FAs to the duodenum. Thus, different sources of forage in high-concentrate diets do not modify the duodenal flow of USFA or fibrolytic bacteria. This must be taken into account when formulating diets to modulate ruminal upsets without altering intake.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8596 , 1469-5146
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0021859616000204
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2016
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  • 3
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    System fertilization in the pasture phase enhances productivity in integrated crop–livestock systems
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2023
    In:  The Journal of Agricultural Science Vol. 161, No. 6 ( 2023-12), p. 755-762
    Details
    In: The Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 161, No. 6 ( 2023-12), p. 755-762
    Abstract: Different fertilization strategies can be adopted to optimize the productive components of an integrated crop–livestock systems. The current research evaluated how the application of P and K to soybean ( Glycine max (L.) Merr.) or Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) R. D. Webster cv. BRS Piatã associated with nitrogen or without nitrogen in the pasture phase affects the accumulation and chemical composition of forage and animal productivity. The treatments were distributed in randomized blocks with three replications. Four fertilization strategies were tested: (1) conventional fertilization with P and K in the crop phase (CF–N); (2) conventional fertilization with nitrogen in the pasture phase (CF + N); (3) system fertilization with P and K in the pasture phase (SF–N); (4) system fertilization with nitrogen in the pasture phase (SF + N). System fertilization increased forage accumulation from 15 710 to 20 920 kg DM ha/year compared to conventional without nitrogen. Stocking rate (3.1 vs. 2.8 AU/ha; SEM = 0.12) and gain per area (458 vs. 413 kg BW/ha; SEM = 27.9) were higher in the SF–N than CF–N, although the average daily gain was lower (0.754 vs. 0.792 kg LW/day; SEM = 0.071). N application in the pasture phase, both, conventional and system fertilization resulted in higher crude protein, stocking rate and gain per area. Applying nitrogen and relocate P and K from crop to pasture phase increase animal productivity and improve forage chemical composition in integrated crop–livestock system.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8596 , 1469-5146
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0021859623000606
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498349-7
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  • 4
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    Dog hepatocytes are key effector cells in the liver innate immune response to Leishmania infantum
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2019
    In:  Parasitology Vol. 146, No. 6 ( 2019-05), p. 753-764
    Details
    In: Parasitology, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 146, No. 6 ( 2019-05), p. 753-764
    Abstract: Hepatocytes constitute the majority of hepatic cells, and play a key role in controlling systemic innate immunity, via pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) and by synthesizing complement and acute phase proteins. Leishmania infantum , a protozoan parasite that causes human and canine leishmaniasis, infects liver by establishing inside the Kupffer cells. The current study proposes the elucidation of the immune response generated by dog hepatocytes when exposed to L. infantum . Additionally, the impact of adding leishmanicidal compound, meglumine antimoniate (MgA), to parasite-exposed hepatocytes was also addressed. L. infantum presents a high tropism to hepatocytes, establishing strong membrane interactions. The possibility of L. infantum internalization by hepatocytes was raised, but not confirmed. Hepatocytes were able to recognize parasite presence, inducing PRRs [nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD)1, NOD2 and Toll-like receptor (TLR)2] gene expression and generating a mix pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine response. Reduction of cytochrome P 450s enzyme activity was also observed concomitant with the inflammatory response. Addition of MgA increased NOD2, TLR4 and interleukin 10 gene expression, indicating an immunomodulatory role for MgA. Hepatocytes seem to have a major role in coordinating liver's innate immune response against L. infantum infection, activating inflammatory mechanisms, but always balancing the inflammatory response in order to avoid cell damage.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0031-1820 , 1469-8161
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0031182018002068
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1491287-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
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    Trichobezoar and Rapunzel Syndrome: When Nobody Comes to Rescue - a Review and Case Report
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2009
    In:  European Psychiatry Vol. 24, No. S1 ( 2009-01), p. 1-1
    Details
    In: European Psychiatry, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 24, No. S1 ( 2009-01), p. 1-1
    Abstract: Trichobezoar was first described by Baudomant in 1779. This rare entity consists of a compact mass of hair occupying the gastric cavity to a various extent. When the trichobezoar extends past the duodenum it is better referred to as Rapunzel Syndrome. It is only reliably diagnosed by CT scan and its size may require removal by open surgery. Albeit trichobezoars are well described in terms of surgical diagnostic and procedure, there are only but scarce reports on psychiatric literature. It is estimated that 30% of cases of trichotillophagia are of patients suffering from tricotillomania, and that 1% of those will eventually require surgical treatment. The authors report a clinical case of trichobezoar without known trichotillomania, and revise the existing relevant literature, focusing on psychiatric evaluation and management.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0924-9338 , 1778-3585
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/S0924-9338(09)70964-2
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2005377-0
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  • 6
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    Delirium: “The out of the track” of physicians
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2017
    In:  European Psychiatry Vol. 41, No. S1 ( 2017-04), p. s495-s495
    Details
    In: European Psychiatry, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 41, No. S1 ( 2017-04), p. s495-s495
    Abstract: Delirium is an acute clinical syndrome with diverse and multi-factorial etiologies. It has high prevalence in hospitalized patients and it is associated with serious adverse outcomes, increasing morbidity and mortality. Delirium requires a differential diagnosis with a wide range of mental disorders. Aim To evaluate cases referred to liaison psychiatry in Hospital José Joaquim Fernandes, in regard to the frequency, cause and misdiagnoses of delirium . Methods A retrospective analysis of liaison psychiatric referral from January to August 2016. Results The overall referral consisted of a total of 111 cases. Delirium was the second most frequent referral (21.6%), after depression. Half of patients had an advanced age (71–90 years). A total of 44.8% of patients with delirium were misdiagnosed and the referral causes were “depression”, “dementia”, “aggressive behavior”, “agitation” and “schizophrenic psychosis”. The majority of patients were referred by internal medicine. The most frequent underlying conditions were: postoperative (27.6%), respiratory diseases (24.1%) and sepsis (17.2%). Discussion/conclusion Delirium is one of the most frequent diagnoses in liaison psychiatry. This study supports the statement that delirium is often not recognized and that is misdiagnosed as a primary psychiatric illness, mainly, dementia or mood disorder. Although delirium is classified in ICD-10 as a psychiatric diagnosis and clinically manifests with a wide range of neuropsychiatric abnormalities, it is secondary to a medical/surgical disorder that requires urgent approach by the respective specialty. Disclosure of interest The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0924-9338 , 1778-3585
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.611
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2005377-0
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  • 7
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    Dietary share of ultra-processed foods and its association with vitamin E biomarkers in Brazilian lactating women
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2022
    In:  British Journal of Nutrition Vol. 127, No. 8 ( 2022-04-28), p. 1224-1231
    Details
    In: British Journal of Nutrition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 127, No. 8 ( 2022-04-28), p. 1224-1231
    Abstract: Despite evidence showing that the intake of ultra-processed food has a negative impact on health, diet quality and dietary vitamin E, its impact on vitamin E nutritional status and breast milk remains unknown. This study aimed to assess the influence of the consumption of ultra-processed foods on vitamin E biomarkers of lactating women. A cross-sectional study was performed with 294 lactating women. Food consumption was obtained by 24-h dietary recall, and foods were grouped according to the NOVA classification. Levels of α -tocopherol were analysed by HPLC. Breast milk vitamin E (BMVE) adequacy was based on the quantity of the vitamin in the estimated intake volume. The Kruskal–Wallis test was used to compare the tertiles and linear regression to association between ultra-processed food consumption and biomarkers. Ultra-processed foods accounted for 16 % of energy intake and vitamin E intakes by all women were considered low. Serum α -tocopherol was 26·55 ( sd 7·98) µmol/l, 5 % ( n 11) showed inadequate vitamin E ( 〈 12 µmol/l) and 78 % had an inadequate BMVE content ( 〈 4 mg/780 ml). The regression showed that a higher dietary share of ultra-processed foods was associated with lower concentrations of serum α -tocopherol ( β = –0·168, 95 % CI –0·047, 0·010, P = 0·003) and inadequate BMVE content ( β = –0·144, 95 % CI = –0·505, 0·063, P = 0·012) (adjustment for income and maternal age). Thus, higher dietary shares of ultra-processed foods had an impact on vitamin E biomarkers, suggesting that inadequate dietary intake practices during lactation may reduce the supply of vitamin E to women and breast milk.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-1145 , 1475-2662
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0007114521001963
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016047-1
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 21
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  • 8
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    Critiquing the Bank: 60 Years of BNDES in the Academy
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2016
    In:  Journal of Latin American Studies Vol. 48, No. 4 ( 2016-11), p. 823-850
    Details
    In: Journal of Latin American Studies, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 48, No. 4 ( 2016-11), p. 823-850
    Abstract: Este artigo oferece uma análise crítica acerca da literatura acadêmica produzida a respeito do Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social do Brasil (BNDES), desde sua fundação em 1952 até o ano de 2013. O BNDES tem desempenhado um importante papel, ainda que mutável e muitas vezes controverso, no desenvolvimento econômico do Brasil nos últimos 60 anos, especialmente como provedor de financiamentos de longo prazo. Esta análise de quase mil textos destaca os debates acerca da organização inicial e missão do banco, e como suas atividades passaram por mudanças ao longo do tempo, guiadas por contextos nacionais econômicos e políticos turbulentos. Apesar da importância institucional do banco, a literatura apresenta-se mais narrativa que analítica, com impacto acadêmico limitado, dominada pela autoria do próprio banco. Defendemos uma análise independente, baseada em evidências e crítica a respeitoda efetividade desta importante instituição em promover o desenvolvimento econômico e social brasileiro.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-216X , 1469-767X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0022216X16001814
    RVK:
    MA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481672-6
    SSG: 7,36
    SSG: 3,6
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  • 9
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    Paraffin gauze bolus as tissue compensator in photon irradiation for mycosis fungoides – regarding a case study
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Radiotherapy in Practice Vol. 22 ( 2023)
    Details
    In: Journal of Radiotherapy in Practice, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 22 ( 2023)
    Abstract: Total skin electron beam therapy is a treatment option in patients with mycosis fungoides (MF) affecting a significant amount of the body surface. For patients with involvement of soles and interdigital folds, however, this approach is ineffective, requiring alternatives such as localised radiotherapy (RT). Although electron beams are well suited for superficial lesions, on irregular surfaces it provides inadequate tumour coverage and excess dose variance, requiring photon irradiation with tissue compensation. Methods: We present the case of a patient with extensive cutaneous MF with skin lesions spread over both lower limbs and treated on these affected areas with photon beam RT. Long sheets of paraffin gauze dressings were used to create a 0·5-cm-thick bolus. The patient received a single fraction of 8 Gy. In vivo dosimetry using Gafchromic films was performed. Results: After 3 months, a complete response was achieved. In this case, paraffin gauze bolus proved to be an inexpensive, convenient, effective and flexible method for irregular superficial cancer irradiations. Conclusion: Paraffin gauze bolus is a suitable option for irregular contours.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1460-3969 , 1467-1131
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S1460396923000109
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2194408-8
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  • 10
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    The Brazilian version of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Clinician rating scale (NPI-C): reliability and validity in dementia
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2013
    In:  International Psychogeriatrics Vol. 25, No. 9 ( 2013-09), p. 1503-1511
    Details
    In: International Psychogeriatrics, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 25, No. 9 ( 2013-09), p. 1503-1511
    Abstract: Patients with dementia may be unable to describe their symptoms, and caregivers frequently suffer emotional burden that can interfere with judgment of the patient's behavior. The Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Clinician rating scale (NPI-C) was therefore developed as a comprehensive and versatile instrument to assess and accurately measure neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in dementia, thereby using information from caregiver and patient interviews, and any other relevant available data. The present study is a follow-up to the original, cross-national NPI-C validation, evaluating the reliability and concurrent validity of the NPI-C in quantifying psychopathological symptoms in dementia in a large Brazilian cohort. Methods: Two blinded raters evaluated 312 participants (156 patient-knowledgeable informant dyads) using the NPI-C for a total of 624 observations in five Brazilian centers. Inter-rater reliability was determined through intraclass correlation coefficients for the NPI-C domains and the traditional NPI. Convergent validity included correlations of specific domains of the NPI-C with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Index (CMAI), the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD), and the Apathy Inventory (AI). Results: Inter-rater reliability was strong for all NPI-C domains. There were high correlations between NPI-C/delusions and BPRS, NPI-C/apathy-indifference with the AI, NPI-C/depression-dysphoria with the CSDD, NPI-C/agitation with the CMAI, and NPI-C/aggression with the CMAI. There was moderate correlation between the NPI-C/aberrant vocalizations and CMAI and the NPI-C/hallucinations with the BPRS. Conclusion: The NPI-C is a comprehensive tool that provides accurate measurement of NPS in dementia with high concurrent validity and inter-rater reliability in the Brazilian setting. In addition to universal assessment, the NPI-C can be completed by individual domains.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1041-6102 , 1741-203X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S1041610213000811
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2147136-8
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