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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Impulsivity, decision-making and risk-taking behaviour in bipolar disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2020
    In:  Psychological Medicine Vol. 50, No. 13 ( 2020-10), p. 2141-2153
    Details
    In: Psychological Medicine, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 50, No. 13 ( 2020-10), p. 2141-2153
    Abstract: Despite the robust body of work on cognitive aspects of bipolar disorder (BD), a clear profile of associated impairments in impulsivity, decision-making and risk-taking from studies that use behavioural measures has yet to be established. A systematic review, across four electronic databases (PsycINFO, MEDLINE/PubMed, ScienceDirect and Scopus), of literature published between January 1999 and December 2018 was carried out in accordance with the PRISMA statement. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42018114684). A fixed-effect and random-effects meta-analysis using the Hedges' g (ES) estimate was performed. The analysis revealed significant impairment in BD individuals with medium effect sizes in various aspects of impulsivity – response inhibition (ES = 0.49; p 〈 0.0001), delay of gratification (ES = 0.54; p 〈 0.0001) and inattention (ES = 0.49; p 〈 0.0001) – and in decision-making (ES = 0.61, p = 0.0002), but no significant impairment in risk-taking behaviour (ES = 0.41; p = 0.0598). Furthermore, we found significant heterogeneity between studies for decision-making and risk-taking behaviour but not for impulsivity. Impaired risk-taking behaviour was significant in a subgroup of BD-I and euthymic individuals (ES = 0.92; p 〈 0.0001) with no significant heterogeneity. A stratification analysis revealed comparable results in euthymic and non-euthymic individuals for impulsivity. Our findings suggest that behaviour impulsivity is elevated in all phases of BD, representing a core and clinically relevant feature that persists beyond mood symptoms. More studies about decision-making and risk-taking are necessary to establish if they are impaired in BD and to analyze the role of mood state.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0033-2917 , 1469-8978
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0033291720003086
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1470300-2
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Excess mortality in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders in Malaga (Spain): A cohort study
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2021
    In:  Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences Vol. 30 ( 2021)
    Details
    In: Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 30 ( 2021)
    Abstract: There is evidence that patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders present higher mortality in comparison with the general population. The aim of this study was to analyse the causes of mortality and sociodemographic factors associated with mortality, standardised mortality ratios (SMRs), life expectancy and potential years of life lost (YLL) in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders in Spain. Methods The study included a cohort of patients from the Malaga Schizophrenia Case Register (1418 patients; 907 males; average age 42.31 years) who were followed up for a minimum of 10 years (median = 13.43). The factors associated with mortality were analysed with a survival analysis using Cox's proportional hazards regression model. Results The main causes of mortality in the cohort were circulatory disease (21.45%), cancer (17.09%) and suicide (13.09%). The SMR of the cohort was more than threefold that of the population of Malaga (3.19). The life expectancy at birth was 67.11 years old, which is more than 13 years shorter than that of the population of Malaga. The YLL was 20.74. The variables associated with a higher risk of mortality were age [adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) = 1.069, p 〈 0.001], male gender (AHR = 1.751, p 〈 0.001) and type of area of residence ( p = 0.028; deprived urban zone v . non-deprived urban area, AHR = 1.460, p = 0.028). In addition, receiving welfare benefit status in comparison with employed status (AHR = 1.940, p = 0.008) was associated with increased mortality. Conclusions There is excess mortality in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and also an association with age, gender, socioeconomic inequalities and receiving welfare benefits. Efforts directed towards improved living conditions could have a positive effect on reducing mortality.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-7960 , 2045-7979
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S2045796020001146
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2594528-2
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Neuropsychological Features of Asymptomatic c.709-1G〉A Progranulin Mutation Carriers
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2012
    In:  Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society Vol. 18, No. 6 ( 2012-11), p. 1086-1090
    Details
    In: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 18, No. 6 ( 2012-11), p. 1086-1090
    Abstract: Mutations in the progranulin (PGRN) gene have been identified as a cause of frontotemporal dementia (FTD). However, little is known about the neuropsychological abilities of asymptomatic carriers of these mutations. The aim of the study was to assess cognitive functioning in asymptomatic c.709-1G 〉 A PGRN mutation carriers. We hypothesized that poorer neuropsychological performance could be present before the development of clinically significant FTD symptoms. Thirty-two asymptomatic first-degree relatives of FTD patients carrying the c.709-1G 〉 A mutation served as study participants, including 13 PGRN mutation carriers (A-PGRN+) and 19 non-carriers (PGRN-). A neuropsychological battery was administered. We found that the A-PGRN+ participants obtained significantly poorer scores than PGRN- individuals on tests of attention (Trail-Making Test Part A), mental flexibility (Trail-Making Test Part B), and language (Boston Naming Test). Poorer performance on these tests in asymptomatic PGRN mutation carriers may reflect a prodromal phase preceding the onset of clinically significant symptoms of FTD. ( JINS , 2012, 18 , 1086–1090)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1355-6177 , 1469-7661
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S1355617712000823
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2000018-2
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Longitudinal Neuropsychological Study of Presymptomatic c.709-1G〉A Progranulin Mutation Carriers
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2019
    In:  Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society Vol. 25, No. 1 ( 2019-01), p. 39-47
    Details
    In: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 25, No. 1 ( 2019-01), p. 39-47
    Abstract: Objective : The assessment of individuals from families affected by familial frontotemporal dementia (FTD) allows the evaluation of preclinical or pre-diagnosis disease markers. The current work aims to investigate the existence of a cognitive phase in GRN mutation carriers before overt clinical symptoms begin. Methods: We performed a longitudinal neuropsychological analysis (three assessments in 4 years) in a group of presymptomatic c.709-1G 〉 A progranulin ( GRN) (n=15) mutation carriers and non-carrier relatives ( n =25) from seven FTD families. Results: GRN mutation carriers showed subtle decline over the longitudinal follow-up in several different domains (namely, attention, facial affect recognition, decision-making, language, and memory). The differences between groups were most marked in the facial affect recognition test, with improvement in the non-carrier group and decline in the GRN mutation carrier group, with very large effect sizes. Conclusions: Facial affect recognition may decline before clinical diagnosis and makes the adapted version of the Picture of Facial Affect a potential candidate for early detection of GRN -associated FTD. ( JINS , 2019, 25, 39–47)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1355-6177 , 1469-7661
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S1355617718000735
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2000018-2
    SSG: 5,2
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