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  • Cambridge University Press (CUP)  (5)
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  • Cambridge University Press (CUP)  (5)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    On the elimination of refractive-index variations in turbulent density-stratified liquid flows
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 1979
    In:  Journal of Fluid Mechanics Vol. 93, No. 1 ( 1979-07-12), p. 83-96
    Details
    In: Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 93, No. 1 ( 1979-07-12), p. 83-96
    Abstract: The variations in refractive index in stratified liquid flows have been a major impediment to the use of laser-Doppler anemometry in these situations. This paper describes a method whereby these refractive-index variations can be drastically reduced while retaining the dynamically important density differences. The method uses two solutes to produce the density differences and it is shown that double-diffusive convection (of the salt-finger type) can be avoided by using a suitable pair of solutes. A theoretical model of the lateral wander of a single laser beam propagating through a turbulent medium is developed and this explains the success of the method.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1120 , 1469-7645
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0022112079001798
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 1979
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1472346-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 218334-1
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Double-diffusive plumes in unconfined and confined environments
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 1983
    In:  Journal of Fluid Mechanics Vol. 133 ( 1983-08), p. 321-343
    Details
    In: Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 133 ( 1983-08), p. 321-343
    Abstract: We address two aspects of the influence of double diffusion on convection from point buoyancy sources (plumes). First we consider double-diffusive convection acting in conjunction with buoyancy from an isolated source in an unconfined environment, and we study the problem of when fluxes of properties occur in the opposite direction to that of the initial buoyancy. A simple dimensional analysis is in good agreement with the experimental data for these ‘counterbuoyant’ fluxes of properties. Secondly, we consider a double-diffusive plume discharging into a confined environment. The plume now does not always reach the bottom (or top) of the confined environment, but can spread out into the environment at intermediate depths. Double-diffusive interfaces form, and we describe their development and the evolution of the density profile in the confined environment. A quantitative measure of the importance of double-diffusive convection in relation to the normal filling-box mechanism is obtained in the experiments by using the measured density profile, and this correlates well with a theoretically derived parameter B ρ .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1120 , 1469-7645
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0022112083001949
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 1983
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1472346-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 218334-1
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Bubble plumes in stratified environments
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 1978
    In:  Journal of Fluid Mechanics Vol. 85, No. 4 ( 1978-04-27), p. 655-672
    Details
    In: Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 85, No. 4 ( 1978-04-27), p. 655-672
    Abstract: This paper is concerned with the behaviour of buoyant plumes driven by a source of bubbles. It is shown experimentally that, when a bubble plume rises through a stratified environment, fluid can be transported vertically for some distance and then some of this fluid can leave the plume and spread out horizontally at its own density level. A simple plume model which regards the plume as a single entity is discussed in order to make a first assessment of the effects of gas expansion and bubble slip velocity in this stratified case. However, the experiments reveal a more complicated plume structure in which the bubbles remain in the centre part of the plume, and only the outer part of the plume spreads out into the environment at certain levels. On the basis of these observations a double-plume model is proposed which regards the plume as being composed of two parts: an inner circular plume (which contains all the bubbles of gas) and an outer annular plume.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1120 , 1469-7645
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0022112078000841
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 1978
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1472346-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 218334-1
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Measurements of turbulence in a zero-mean-shear mixed layer
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 1979
    In:  Journal of Fluid Mechanics Vol. 94, No. 3 ( 1979-10-16), p. 409-431
    Details
    In: Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 94, No. 3 ( 1979-10-16), p. 409-431
    Abstract: This paper is concerned with laboratory measurements of turbulence in a mixed layer and through a density interface, in the absence of a mean flow. The present results confirm the conclusion of Hopfinger & Toly (1976) that the turbulence in a mixed layer is not significantly affected by the slow entrainment of fluid across the bounding density interface. In a homogeneous fluid the turbulence intensity is found to be surprisingly non-uniform, even two grid mesh distances away from the grid. Velocity measurements have also been taken through a density interface (at the entraining boundary of a mixed layer) and the turbulence here varies in a manner that bears some resemblance to the theory of Hunt & Graham (1978). These velocity measurements were taken with a laser-Doppler anemometer and they were made possible by a novel experimental technique which eliminates the refractive index variations which normally occur in a turbulent, density-stratified liquid flow.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1120 , 1469-7645
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0022112079001105
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 1979
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1472346-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 218334-1
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Double-diffusive convection caused by coupled molecular diffusion
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 1983
    In:  Journal of Fluid Mechanics Vol. 126 ( 1983-01), p. 379-397
    Details
    In: Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 126 ( 1983-01), p. 379-397
    Abstract: Double-diffusive convection is studied for the case where a large coupled diffusion (or cross-diffusion) effect is present. The Soret effect is a familiar example of this cross-diffusion where the flux of the solute depends not only on its own spatial gradient but also on the in situ temperature gradient. The linear stability analysis of double-diffusive convection has been extended to include the two cross-diffusion flux terms and it has been shown that, with a sufficiently large coupled diffusion effect, fingers can form even when the concentrations of both components make the fluid's density gradient statically stable. The conditions under which the diffusive instability can occur are compared with those for the formation of fingers and it is shown that these two types of double-diffusive convection cannot occur together in any particular set of linear property gradients. We then consider finite-amplitude, steady, infinitely long fingers and show that a sufficiently large cross-diffusion effect can again allow fingers to exist when the concentrations of both solutes increase with depth. It is also shown that the diffusion of properties from an initially sharp interface may set up vertical gradients that are favourable for the formation of fingers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1120 , 1469-7645
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0022112083000221
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 1983
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1472346-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 218334-1
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