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  • Cambridge University Press (CUP)  (8)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Excessive checking for non-anxiogenic stimuli in obsessive-compulsive disorder
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2013
    In:  European Psychiatry Vol. 28, No. 8 ( 2013-10), p. 507-513
    Details
    In: European Psychiatry, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 28, No. 8 ( 2013-10), p. 507-513
    Abstract: Repetitive checking in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) would serve to relieve obsession-related anxiety and/or to compensate memory deficit, but experimental literature on this subject is inconsistent. The main objective is to test the influence of obsession-related anxiety and memory on repetitive checking in OCD. Methods Twenty-three OCD checkers, 17 OCD non-checkers and 41 controls performed a delayed-matching-to-sample task with an unrestricted checking option. Some stimuli were obsession-related in order to measure the influence of anxiety on checking. A version of the task without checking possibility was used to assess memory abilities. Results OCD checkers had similar memory performances but checked more than the other groups when presented with non-anxiogenic stimuli. Level of anxiety associated to the stimulus did not influence the number of checks. Conclusions Increased checking in OCD checkers, being independent of memory abilities and primary obsession-related anxiety, would, therefore, be closer to an automated behaviour than a coping strategy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0924-9338 , 1778-3585
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2012.11.003
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2005377-0
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dynamics of psychotherapy-related cerebral haemodynamic changes in obsessive compulsive disorder using a personalized exposure task in functional magnetic resonance imaging
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2014
    In:  Psychological Medicine Vol. 44, No. 7 ( 2014-05), p. 1461-1473
    Details
    In: Psychological Medicine, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 44, No. 7 ( 2014-05), p. 1461-1473
    Abstract: Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is a successful treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). It is known to induce changes in cerebral metabolism; however, the dynamics of these changes and their relation to clinical change remain largely unknown, precluding the identification of individualized response biomarkers. Method In order to study the dynamics of treatment response, we performed systematic clinical and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) evaluation of 35 OCD patients immediately before a 3-month course of CBT, halfway through and at its end, as well as 6 months after. To sensitize fMRI probing, we used an original exposure task using neutral, generic and personalized obsession-inducing images. Results As expected, CBT produced a significant improvement in OCD. This improvement was continuous over the course of the therapy; therefore, outcome could be predicted by response at mid-therapy ( r 2  = 0.67, p   〈  0.001). Haemodynamic response to the task was located in the anterior cingulate and orbitofrontal cortices and was stronger during exposure to personalized obsession-inducing images. In addition, both the anxiety ratings and the haemodynamic response to the obsession-inducing images in the anterior cingulate and the left but not the right orbitofrontal clusters decreased with symptom improvement. Interestingly, haemodynamic activity continued to decrease after stabilization of clinical symptoms. Conclusions Using an innovative and highly sensitive exposure paradigm in fMRI, we showed that clinical and haemodynamic phenotypes have similar time courses during CBT. Our results, which suggest that the initial CBT sessions are crucial, prompt us to investigate the anatomo-functional modifications underlying the very first weeks of the therapy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0033-2917 , 1469-8978
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0033291713002237
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1470300-2
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    1113 – Dynamics of cognitive and behavioural therapy-related fMRI changes in obsessive compulsive disorder using a personalised symptom provocation task
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2013
    In:  European Psychiatry Vol. 28 ( 2013-1), p. 1-
    Details
    In: European Psychiatry, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 28 ( 2013-1), p. 1-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0924-9338
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/S0924-9338(13)76217-5
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2013
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    El polimorfismo T aq l A del gen del receptor D2 de la dopamina no se asocia con la búsqueda de novedad, la evitación del daño y la dependencia de la recompensa en los sujetos sanos
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 1999
    In:  European psychiatry (Ed. Española) Vol. 6, No. 4 ( 1999-05), p. 262-266
    Details
    In: European psychiatry (Ed. Española), Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 6, No. 4 ( 1999-05), p. 262-266
    Abstract: Se ha encontrado que el alelo A1 del polimorfismo de longitud de fragmentos de restricción (RFLP) T aq l A del gen del receptor D2 de dopamina está asociado con el abuso de sustancias y el alcoholismo. El rasgo de personalidad búsqueda de la novedad (BN) se asocia también con el abuso y la dependencia de sustancias. Sobre la base de la implicación de mecanismos dopaminérgicos en el abuso de sustancias, formamos la hipótesis de que la presencia del alelo A1 del gen del receptor D2 de dopamina puede representar una predisposición genérica para el rasgo de personalidad BN. Por tanto, investigamos si el alelo A1 del RFLP Tagí A del gen del receptor D2 de dopamina se asocia con la dimensión de BN del Cuestionario Tridimensional de la Personalidad (TPQ) en sujetos caucasianos sanos sin historia de abuso o dependencia de alcohol o sustancias. Determinamos el genotipo de 204 sujetos de 18 a 30 años edad. No hubo asociación entre ninguno de los alelos de los genes del receptor D2 y ninguna de las puntuaciones del TPQ (BN, Evitación del daño, Dependencia de la recompensa). Concluimos que el alelo A1 del RFLP T aq l A del receptor D2 de dopamina no se asocia con el rasgo de personalidad BN en los sujetos caucasianos sanos.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1134-0665 , 2695-5466
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S1134066500000102
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 1999
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Optimization of the Amount of Zinc in the Graphitization Reaction for Radiocarbon AMS Measurements at LAC-UFF
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2017
    In:  Radiocarbon Vol. 59, No. 3 ( 2017-06), p. 885-891
    Details
    In: Radiocarbon, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 59, No. 3 ( 2017-06), p. 885-891
    Abstract: The Radiocarbon Laboratory of the Universidade Federal Fluminense, in Brazil, has been successfully applying the zinc reduction method for graphitization of carbon samples since the development of its early protocols in 2009. Successive methodological research aiming to improve and, ultimately, optimize the precision and accuracy of our results indicates that graphitization temperatures as low as 460°C promote erratic 13 C isotopic fractionation, but an approximately constant fractionation of about –5‰ is achieved at 520°C. In this work, we present isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) δ 13 C results for 14 C reference materials graphitized at 550°C with variable amounts of zinc. Based on the results obtained from the addition of 20, 35, and 50 mg of zinc, we conclude that a slightly lower variation in 13 C isotope fractionation during graphitization is obtained with less zinc. Moreover, the average isotopic fractionation is not altered by increasing the graphitization temperature from 520°C to 550°C.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0033-8222 , 1945-5755
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/RDC.2016.42
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2028560-7
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 13
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The EVACO Project: A new battery for assessing social cognition disorders and related psychiatric disability in schizophrenia
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2016
    In:  European Psychiatry Vol. 33, No. S1 ( 2016-03), p. S78-S78
    Details
    In: European Psychiatry, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 33, No. S1 ( 2016-03), p. S78-S78
    Abstract: The relation of social cognitive disorders and schizophrenic symptoms are well-established. Yet, assessment methods have not reached a consensus. In addition, causal paths between neurocognition, social cognition, symptoms and functional expression are not clearly understood. During the past few years, some authoritative accounts proposed specialized batteries of tests and emphasized theory of mind, emotion recognition, and interpretation bias constructs: – NIMH's “Social cognition psychometric evaluation” battery (Pinkham AE, Penn DL, Green MF, Harvey PD. Schizophrenia Bulletin , 2015); – “Social cognition and functioning in schizophrenia” (Green MF, Lee J, Ochsner KN. Schizophrenia Bulletin , 2013). Interestingly, these accounts stemming either from expert consensus and psychometric considerations or from neuroscience knowledge recognized some difficulties in providing a fully usable set of instruments. The project described here (EVACO protocol, funded by the Programme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique national) follows an alternative approach and aims at providing a psychometrically validated battery. Based on a cognitive neuropsychology view on schizophrenic functional disability, several tests were gathered and are assessed in a 12-months multi-center follow-up of 160 individuals with schizophrenia. The FondaMental foundation network of Expert Centers is involved in recruiting patients from eight centers (Clermont-Ferrand, Colombes, Créteil, Grenoble, Marseille, Montpellier, Strasbourg, Versailles). To-date, the first evaluation of the population has been achieved. Experience reports and inclusions follow-up demonstrate the good acceptability of this battery both on the patients and the evaluator's side. We emphasize the usefulness of this project to meet the clinicians’ needs of validated social cognition tools, by describing different scenarios of use. Disclosure of interest The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0924-9338 , 1778-3585
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.022
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2005377-0
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dynamique des modifications d’activités cérébrales au cours d’une thérapie cognitive et comportementale dans le trouble obsessionnel compulsif : étude en IRMf avec une tâche personnalisée de provocation de symptômes
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2013
    In:  European Psychiatry Vol. 28, No. S2 ( 2013-11), p. 23-24
    Details
    In: European Psychiatry, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 28, No. S2 ( 2013-11), p. 23-24
    Abstract: La thérapie cognitive et comportementale (TCC) est un traitement efficace pour soigner le trouble obsessionnel compulsif (TOC). Elle est connue pour induire des changements dans le métabolisme cérébral, mais la dynamique de ces changements et leur relation avec l’évolution clinique restent encore largement inconnues. Leur caractérisation représente une étape cruciale vers l’identification de biomarqueurs individualisés de réponse au traitement. Methods Nous avons procédé à l’évaluation clinique et à l’examen en IRMf de 35 patients atteints de TOC avant une TCC, à mi-thérapie (1,5 mois), à la fin (3 mois), ainsi que 6 mois après la fin de la thérapie. Pendant les examens en IRMf, nous avons utilisé une tâche originale d’exposition aux symptômes en utilisant trois types d’images : des images neutres, des images génériques induisant des obsessions et des images personnalisées induisant des obsessions. Résultats La TCC a entraîné une amélioration significative des symptômes obsessionnels compulsifs. La réponse à mi-thérapie s’est avérée être prédictive de l’amélioration finale ( r 2 = 0,67, p 〈 0,001). Initialement, les patients étaient plus sensibles aux images personnalisées qu’aux images génériques et neutres, ce en proportion avec de plus fortes activations dans le cortex cingulaire antérieur, le cortex orbitofrontal et pariétal. Dans le groupe de patients hauts-répondeurs (ΔYBOCS 〉 45 %), la sensibilité a été réduite à l’issue de la thérapie pour les images génériques et encore plus pour les images personnalisées. L’amélioration clinique a été associée avec une baisse de l’activité dans le cortex cingulaire antérieur et dans le cortex orbitofrontal gauche. Conclusion L’utilisation d’une tâche d’exposition novatrice et hautement sensible en IRMf montre que les symptômes et les marqueurs métaboliques ont des évolutions parallèles au cours de la TCC. Nos résultats, qui suggèrent que les premières séances de TCC sont cruciales, nous incitent à étudier les modifications anatomofonctionnelles qui sous-tendent les premières étapes de la thérapie.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0924-9338 , 1778-3585
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2013.09.058
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2005377-0
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The dopamine D2 receptor gene T aq I A polymorphism is not associated with Novelty Seeking, Harm Avoidance and Reward Dependence in healthy subjects
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 1998
    In:  European Psychiatry Vol. 13, No. 8 ( 1998-12), p. 427-430
    Details
    In: European Psychiatry, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 13, No. 8 ( 1998-12), p. 427-430
    Abstract: Allele A1 of the T aq I A restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the dopamine D2 receptor gene has been found to be associated with substance abuse and alcoholism. The personality trait of Novelty Seeking (NS) is also associated with substance abuse and dependence. We hypothesised, on the basis of involvement of dopaminergic mechanisms in substance abuse, that the presence of allele A1 of the dopamine D2 receptor gene may represent a genetic predisposition for the NS personality trait. We investigated, therefore, whether the allele A1 of the T aq I A RFLP of the dopamine D2 receptor gene is associated with the NS dimension of the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ) in healthy Caucasian subjects with no history of alcohol or substance abuse or dependence. We genotyped 204 subjects aged 18 to 30 years. There was no association between any of the alleles of the D2 receptor genes and any of the TPQ scores (NS, Harm Avoidance, Reward Dependence). We conclude that allele A1 of the T aq I A RFLP of the dopamine D2 receptor is not associated with NS personality trait in healthy Caucasian subjects.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0924-9338 , 1778-3585
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/S0924-9338(99)80692-0
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 1998
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2005377-0
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