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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Effect of hyperbaric oxygen and vitamin C and E supplementation on biomarkers of oxidative stress in healthy men
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2007
    In:  British Journal of Nutrition Vol. 98, No. 04 ( 2007-10)
    Details
    In: British Journal of Nutrition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 98, No. 04 ( 2007-10)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-1145 , 1475-2662
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0007114507744380
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2007
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  • 2
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    Grade of adiposity affects the impact of fat mass on resting energy expenditure in women
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2008
    In:  British Journal of Nutrition Vol. 101, No. 4 ( 2008-08-19), p. 474-477
    Details
    In: British Journal of Nutrition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 101, No. 4 ( 2008-08-19), p. 474-477
    Abstract: Body fat mass (FM) adds to the variance in resting energy expenditure (REE). However, the nature and extent of this relationship remains unclear. Using a database of 1306 women and a linear regression model, we systematically analysed the contribution of FM to the total variance in REE at different grades of adiposity (ranges of body %FM). After adjusting for age, the relative contribution of FM on REE variance increased from low ( ≤ 10 %FM) to normal ( 〉 10– ≤ 30 %FM) and moderately elevated ( 〉 30– ≤ 40 %FM) grades of adiposity but decreased sharply at high ( 〉 40– ≤ 50 %FM) and very high ( 〉 50 %FM) grades of adiposity according to the ratio between regression coefficients. These data suggest that the specific metabolic rate of fat tissue is reduced at high adiposity. This should be considered when REE is normalized for FM in obesity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-1145 , 1475-2662
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0007114508020357
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2008
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  • 3
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    Application of standards and models in body composition analysis
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2016
    In:  Proceedings of the Nutrition Society Vol. 75, No. 2 ( 2016-05), p. 181-187
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 75, No. 2 ( 2016-05), p. 181-187
    Abstract: The aim of this review is to extend present concepts of body composition and to integrate it into physiology. In vivo body composition analysis (BCA) has a sound theoretical and methodological basis. Present methods used for BCA are reliable and valid. Individual data on body components, organs and tissues are included into different models, e.g. a 2-, 3-, 4- or multi-component model. Today the so-called 4-compartment model as well as whole body MRI (or computed tomography) scans are considered as gold standards of BCA. In practice the use of the appropriate method depends on the question of interest and the accuracy needed to address it. Body composition data are descriptive and used for normative analyses (e.g. generating normal values, centiles and cut offs). Advanced models of BCA go beyond description and normative approaches. The concept of functional body composition (FBC) takes into account the relationships between individual body components, organs and tissues and related metabolic and physical functions. FBC can be further extended to the model of healthy body composition (HBC) based on horizontal (i.e. structural) and vertical (e.g. metabolism and its neuroendocrine control) relationships between individual components as well as between component and body functions using mathematical modelling with a hierarchical multi-level multi-scale approach at the software level. HBC integrates into whole body systems of cardiovascular, respiratory, hepatic and renal functions. To conclude BCA is a prerequisite for detailed phenotyping of individuals providing a sound basis for in depth biomedical research and clinical decision making.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0029-6651 , 1475-2719
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0029665115004206
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016335-6
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  • 4
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    Quercetin supplementation and its effect on human monocyte gene expression profiles in vivo
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2010
    In:  British Journal of Nutrition Vol. 104, No. 3 ( 2010-08-14), p. 336-345
    Details
    In: British Journal of Nutrition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 104, No. 3 ( 2010-08-14), p. 336-345
    Abstract: Quercetin has been described as having a wide range of beneficial effects in humans, ranging from anti-carcinogenic properties to reducing the risk of CVD. Nevertheless, underlying molecular mechanisms have been mostly investigated in vitro . Here, we tested whether a daily supplementation of quercetin leads to reproducible changes in human monocyte gene expression profiles. In study I, quercetin in varying dosages was given to healthy subjects for 2 weeks. RNA from monocytes isolated at the beginning and end of the study from subjects receiving 150 mg quercetin per d was subjected to transcriptome-wide microarray analysis. In study II, a double-blind cross-over study, twenty subjects exhibiting a ‘cardiovascular risk phenotype’ received 150 mg quercetin or placebo daily for 6 weeks each and served as the verification group. Microarray analysis revealed a number of differentially expressed genes. The most significantly represented functional groups were those of the immune system, nucleic acid metabolism, apoptosis and O -glycan biosynthesis. Twenty-four genes were chosen for technical replication and independent verification by quantitative real-time PCR. When comparing placebo and quercetin treatment, four genes showed significantly different expression changes ( C1GALT1 , O -glycan biosynthesis; GM2A , glycolipid catabolism; HDGF , cell proliferation; SERPINB9 , apoptosis). However, these were minimal in respect to magnitude of fold change. In conclusion, although microarray analysis revealed extensive effects of quercetin on gene expression, the employment of a placebo-controlled study design showed no comparable results for twenty-four verification targets. This emphasises the need for stringent designs in nutritional intervention studies with the aim to identify relevant changes in gene expression.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-1145 , 1475-2662
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0007114510000711
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2010
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  • 5
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    Intra- and interindividual variability of resting energy expenditure in healthy male subjects – biological and methodological variability of resting energy expenditure
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2005
    In:  British Journal of Nutrition Vol. 94, No. 5 ( 2005-11), p. 843-849
    Details
    In: British Journal of Nutrition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 94, No. 5 ( 2005-11), p. 843-849
    Abstract: The objective of the present study was to investigate the contribution of intra-individual variance of resting energy expenditure (REE) to interindividual variance in REE. REE was measured longitudinally in a sample of twenty-three healthy men using indirect calorimetry. Over a period of 2 months, two consecutive measurements were done in the whole group. In subgroups of seventeen and eleven subjects, three and four consecutive measurements were performed over a period of 6 months. Data analysis followed a standard protocol considering the last 15min of each measurement period and alternatively an optimised protocol with strict inclusion criteria. Intra-individual variance in REE and body composition measurements (CV intra ) as well as interindividual variance (CV inter ) were calculated and compared with each other as well as with REE prediction from a population-specific formula. Mean CV intra for measured REE and fat-free mass (FFM) ranged from 5·0 to 5·6% and from 1·3 to 1·6%, respectively. CV intra did not change with the number of repeated measurements or the type of protocol (standard v . optimised protocol). CV inter for REE and REE adjusted for FFM (REE adj ) ranged from 12·1 to 16·1% and from 10·4 to 13·6%, respectively. We calculated total error to be 8%. Variance in body composition (CV intra FFM) explains 19% of the variability in REE adj , whereas the remaining 81% is explained by the variability of the metabolic rate (CV intra REE). We conclude that CV intra of REE measurements was neither influenced by type of protocol for data analysis nor by the number of repeated measurements. About 20% of the variance in REE adj is explained by variance in body composition.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-1145 , 1475-2662
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1079/BJN20051551
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2005
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  • 6
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    Impact of age on leptin and adiponectin independent of adiposity
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2012
    In:  British Journal of Nutrition Vol. 108, No. 2 ( 2012-07-28), p. 363-370
    Details
    In: British Journal of Nutrition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 108, No. 2 ( 2012-07-28), p. 363-370
    Abstract: Age-related changes in leptin and adiponectin levels remain controversial, being affected by inconsistent normalisation for adiposity and body fat distribution in the literature. In a cross-sectional study on 210 Caucasians (127 women, eighty-three men, 18–78 years, BMI 16·8–46·8 kg/m 2 ), we investigated the effect of age on adipokine levels independent of fat mass (FM measured by densitometry), visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue volumes (VAT and SAT assessed by whole-body MRI). Adiponectin levels increased with age in both sexes, whereas leptin levels decreased with age in women only. There was an age-related increase in VAT (as a percentage of total adipose tissue, VAT%TAT), associated with a decrease in SAT legs %TAT. Adiposity was the main predictor of leptin levels, with 75·1 % of the variance explained by %FM in women and 76·6 % in men. Independent of adiposity, age had a minor contribution to the variance in leptin levels (5·2 % in women only). The variance in adiponectin levels explained by age was 14·1 % in women and 5·1 % in men. In addition, independent and inverse contributions to the variance in adiponectin levels were found for truncal SAT (explaining additional 3·0 % in women and 9·1 % in men) and VAT%TAT (explaining additional 13·0 % in men). In conclusion, age-related changes in leptin and adiponectin levels are opposite to each other and partly independent of adiposity and body fat distribution. Normalisation for adiposity but not for body fat distribution is required for leptin. Adiponectin levels are adversely affected by subcutaneous and visceral trunk fat.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-1145 , 1475-2662
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0007114511005605
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2012
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  • 7
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    Use of height 3 :waist circumference 3 as an index for metabolic risk assessment?
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2006
    In:  British Journal of Nutrition Vol. 95, No. 6 ( 2006-06), p. 1212-1220
    Details
    In: British Journal of Nutrition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 95, No. 6 ( 2006-06), p. 1212-1220
    Abstract: Current anthropometric indices for health risk assessment are indirect measures of total or visceral body fat mass that do not consider the inverse relationship of lean body mass to metabolic risk as well as the non-linear relationship between central obesity and insulin resistance.We examined a new anthropometric index that reflects the relationship of waist circumference (WC) as a risk factor to fat-free mass (FFM) as a protective parameter of body composition. In apopulation of 335 adults (191 females and 144 males; mean age 53 (sd 13·9) years) with ahigh prevalence of obesity (27%) and metabolic syndrome (30%) we derived FFM:WC 3 from the best fit of the relationship with metabolic risk factors (plasma triacylglycerol levels and insulin resistance by homeostasis model assessment index). Because FFM is known to be proportional to the cube of height, FFM was subsequently replaced by height 3 yielding height 3 :WC 3 as an easily applicable anthropometric index. Significant inverse relationships of height 3 :WC 3 to metabolic risk factorswere observed for both sexes. They slightly exceeded those of conventional anthropometric indicessuch as BMI, WC or WC:hip ratio in women but not in men. The exponential character of the denominator WC 3 implies that at a given FFM with gradually increasing WC the increasein metabolic risk is lower than proportional. Further studies are needed to evaluate height 3 :WC 3 as an anthropometric index for health risk assessment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-1145 , 1475-2662
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1079/BJN20061763
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2006
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  • 8
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    Impact of energy turnover on fat balance in healthy young men during energy balance, energetic restriction and overfeeding
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2020
    In:  British Journal of Nutrition Vol. 123, No. 1 ( 2020-01-14), p. 30-40
    Details
    In: British Journal of Nutrition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 123, No. 1 ( 2020-01-14), p. 30-40
    Abstract: Body weight control is thought to be improved when physical activity and energy intake are both high (high energy turnover (ET)). The aim of the present study was to investigate the short-term impact of ET on fat balance during zero energy balance (EB), energetic restriction (ER) and overfeeding (OF). In a randomised crossover study, nine healthy men (BMI: 23·0 ( SD 2·1) kg/m 2 , 26·6 ( SD 3·5) years) passed 3 × 3 d in a metabolic chamber: three levels of ET (low, medium and high; physical activity level = 1·3−1·4, 1·5−1·6 and 1·7−1·8) were performed at zero EB, ER and OF (100, 75 and 125 % of individual energy requirement). Different levels of ET were obtained by walking (4 km/h) on a treadmill (0, 165 and 330 min). Twenty-four-hour macronutrient oxidation and relative macronutrient balance (oxidation relative to intake) was calculated, and NEFA, 24-h insulin and catecholamine secretion were analysed as determinants of fat oxidation. During EB and OF, 24-h fat oxidation increased with higher ET. This resulted in a higher relative fat balance at medium ET (EB: +17 %, OF: +14 %) and high ET (EB: +23 %, OF: +17 %) compared with low ET (all P 〈 0·05). In contrast, ER led to a stimulation of 24-h fat oxidation irrespective of ET (no differences in relative fat balance between ET levels, P 〉 0·05). In conclusion, under highly controlled conditions, a higher ET improved relative fat balance in young healthy men during OF and EB compared with a sedentary state.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-1145 , 1475-2662
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0007114519002551
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 9
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    Hepatic fuel selection
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 1995
    In:  Proceedings of the Nutrition Society Vol. 54, No. 1 ( 1995-03), p. 139-150
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 54, No. 1 ( 1995-03), p. 139-150
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0029-6651 , 1475-2719
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1079/PNS19950043
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 1995
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  • 10
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    Quercetin reduces systolic blood pressure and plasma oxidised low-density lipoprotein concentrations in overweight subjects with a high-cardiovascular disease risk phenotype: a double-blinded, placebo-controlled cross-over study
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2009
    In:  British Journal of Nutrition Vol. 102, No. 7 ( 2009-10-14), p. 1065-1074
    Details
    In: British Journal of Nutrition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 102, No. 7 ( 2009-10-14), p. 1065-1074
    Abstract: Regular consumption of flavonoids may reduce the risk for CVD. However, the effects of individual flavonoids, for example, quercetin, remain unclear. The present study was undertaken to examine the effects of quercetin supplementation on blood pressure, lipid metabolism, markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and body composition in an at-risk population of ninety-three overweight or obese subjects aged 25–65 years with metabolic syndrome traits. Subjects were randomised to receive 150 mg quercetin/d in a double-blinded, placebo-controlled cross-over trial with 6-week treatment periods separated by a 5-week washout period. Mean fasting plasma quercetin concentrations increased from 71 to 269 nmol/l ( P   〈  0·001) during quercetin treatment. In contrast to placebo, quercetin decreased systolic blood pressure (SBP) by 2·6 mmHg ( P   〈  0·01) in the entire study group, by 2·9 mmHg ( P   〈  0·01) in the subgroup of hypertensive subjects and by 3·7 mmHg ( P   〈  0·001) in the subgroup of younger adults aged 25–50 years. Quercetin decreased serum HDL-cholesterol concentrations ( P   〈  0·001), while total cholesterol, TAG and the LDL:HDL-cholesterol and TAG:HDL-cholesterol ratios were unaltered. Quercetin significantly decreased plasma concentrations of atherogenic oxidised LDL, but did not affect TNF-α and C-reactive protein when compared with placebo. Quercetin supplementation had no effects on nutritional status. Blood parameters of liver and kidney function, haematology and serum electrolytes did not reveal any adverse effects of quercetin. In conclusion, quercetin reduced SBP and plasma oxidised LDL concentrations in overweight subjects with a high-CVD risk phenotype. Our findings provide further evidence that quercetin may provide protection against CVD.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-1145 , 1475-2662
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0007114509359127
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2009
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