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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    CHANGES IN WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE AND BODY MASS INDEX IN THE US CARDIA COHORT: FIXED-EFFECTS ASSOCIATIONS WITH SELF-REPORTED EXPERIENCES OF RACIAL/ETHNIC DISCRIMINATION
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2013
    In:  Journal of Biosocial Science Vol. 45, No. 2 ( 2013-03), p. 267-278
    Details
    In: Journal of Biosocial Science, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 45, No. 2 ( 2013-03), p. 267-278
    Abstract: Prior studies examining the association between self-reported experiences of racial/ethnic discrimination and obesity have had mixed results and primarily been cross-sectional. This study tests the hypothesis that an increase in self-reported experiences of racial/ethnic discrimination predicts gains in waist circumference and body mass index in Black and White women and men over eight years. In race/ethnicity- and gender-stratified models, this study examined whether change in self-reported experiences of racial/ethnic discrimination predicts changes in waist circumference and body mass index over time using a fixed-effects regression approach in SAS statistical software, providing control for both measured and unmeasured time-invariant covariates. Between 1992–93 and 2000–01, self-reported experiences of racial/ethnic discrimination decreased among 843 Black women (75% to 73%), 601 Black men (80% to 77%), 893 White women (30% to 23%) and 856 White men (28% to 23%). In fixed-effects regression models, controlling for all time-invariant covariates, social desirability bias, and changes in education and parity (women only) over time, an increase in self-reported experiences of racial/ethnic discrimination over time was significantly associated with an increase in waist circumference (β=1.09, 95% CI: 0.00–2.19, p =0.05) and an increase in body mass index (β=0.67, 95% CI: 0.19–1.16, p =0.007) among Black women. No associations were observed among Black men and White women and men. These findings suggest that an increase in self-reported experiences of racial/ethnic discrimination may be associated with increases in waist circumference and body mass index among Black women over time.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-9320 , 1469-7599
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0021932012000429
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2000009-1
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    THE ART AND SCIENCE OF SEARCHING MEDLINE TO ANSWER CLINICAL QUESTIONS Finding the Right Number of Articles
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 1999
    In:  International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care Vol. 15, No. 2 ( 1999-05), p. 281-296
    Details
    In: International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 15, No. 2 ( 1999-05), p. 281-296
    Abstract: The current medical environment makes information retrieval a matter of practical importance for clinicians. Many avenues present themselves to the clinician, but here we focus on MEDLINE by summarizing the current state of the art and providing an innovative approach for skill enhancement. Because new search engines appear rapidly, we focus on generic principles that can be easily adapted to various systems, even those not yet available. We propose an idealized classification system for the results of a MEDLINE search. Type A searches produce a few articles of high quality that are directly focused on the immediate question. Type B searches yield a large number of articles, some more relevant than others. Type C searches produce few or no articles, and those that are located are not germane. Providing that relevant, high-quality articles do exist, type B and C searches may often be improved with attention to search technique. Problems stem from poor recall and poor precision. The most daunting task lies in achieving the balance between too few and too many articles. By providing a theoretical framework and several practical examples, we prepare the searcher to overcome the following barriers: a) failure to begin with a well-built question; b) failure to use the Medical Subject Headings; c) failure to leverage the relationship between recall and precision; and d) failure to apply proper limits to the search. Thought and practice will increase the utility and enjoyment of searching MEDLINE.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0266-4623 , 1471-6348
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0266462399015214
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 1999
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020486-3
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Health-care access and weight change among young adults: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2013
    In:  Public Health Nutrition Vol. 16, No. 10 ( 2013-10), p. 1796-1800
    Details
    In: Public Health Nutrition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 16, No. 10 ( 2013-10), p. 1796-1800
    Abstract: Health-care access is associated with improved control of multiple chronic diseases, but the association between health-care access and weight change is unclear. The present study aims to test the association between health-care access and weight change. Design The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study is a multicentre population-based prospective study. Weight change was calculated at 3 and 13 years after CARDIA year 7 (1992–1993). Health-care access was defined as no barriers or one or more barriers to access (health insurance gap, no usual source of care, not seeking care due to expense). Intermediary variables evaluated included history of dieting and use of diet pills, meal replacements or weight-control programmes. Setting Four cities in the USA. Subjects Participants were aged 18–30 years at baseline (1985–1986). Analyses include 3922 black and white men and women with relevant data from CARDIA years 7, 10 and 20 (1992–1993, 1995–1996 and 2005–2006, respectively). Results Mean weight change was +2·22 kg (+4·9 lb) by 3 years and +8·48 kg (+18·7 lb) by 13 years, with no differences by health-care access. Being on a weight-reducing diet was not consistently associated with health-care access across examinations. Use of diet pills, meal replacements or organized weight-control programmes was low, and did not vary by health-care access. Conclusions Weight gain was high irrespective of health-care access. Public health and clinical approaches are needed to address weight gain.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1368-9800 , 1475-2727
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S1368980012003813
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016337-X
    SSG: 21
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