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  • Cambridge University Press (CUP)  (8)
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  • Cambridge University Press (CUP)  (8)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Re-treatment for intravenous immunoglobulin-resistant Kawasaki disease
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2015
    In:  Cardiology in the Young Vol. 25, No. 6 ( 2015-08), p. 1229-1229
    Details
    In: Cardiology in the Young, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 25, No. 6 ( 2015-08), p. 1229-1229
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1047-9511 , 1467-1107
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S1047951115000499
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2015
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Tilt angles and positive response of head-up tilt test in children with orthostatic intolerance
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2015
    In:  Cardiology in the Young Vol. 25, No. 1 ( 2015-01), p. 76-80
    Details
    In: Cardiology in the Young, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 25, No. 1 ( 2015-01), p. 76-80
    Abstract: This study aimed at examining three tilt angle-based positive responses and the time to positive response in a head-up tilt test for children with orthostatic intolerance, and the psychological fear experienced at the three angles during head-up tilt test. A total of 174 children, including 76 boys and 98 girls, aged from 4 to 18 years old (mean 11.3±2.8 years old), with unexplained syncope, were randomly divided into three groups, to undergo head-up tilt test at the angles of 60°, 70° and 80°, respectively. The diagnostic rates and times were analysed, and Wong–Baker face pain rating scale was used to access the children’s psychological fear. There were no significant differences in diagnostic rates of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome and vasovagal syncope at different tilt angles during the head-up tilt test (p 〉 0.05). There was a significant difference, however, in the psychological fear at different tilt angles utilising the Kruskal–Wallis test (χ 2 =36.398, p 〈 0.01). It was mildest at tilt angle 60° utilising the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test (p 〈 0.01). A positive rank correlation was found between the psychological fear and the degree of tilt angle (r s =0.445, p 〈 0.01). Positive response appearance time was 15.1±14.0 minutes at 60° for vasovagal syncope children. There was no significant difference in the time to positive response, at different tilt angles during the head-up tilt test for vasovagal syncope or for postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome. Hence, it is suggested that a tilt angle of 60° and head-up tilt test time of 45 minutes should be suitable for children with vasovagal syncope.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1047-9511 , 1467-1107
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S1047951113001601
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2015
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A meta-analysis of re-treatment for intravenous immunoglobulin-resistant Kawasaki disease
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2015
    In:  Cardiology in the Young Vol. 25, No. 6 ( 2015-08), p. 1182-1190
    Details
    In: Cardiology in the Young, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 25, No. 6 ( 2015-08), p. 1182-1190
    Abstract: To determine the optimal drug therapy for intravenous immunoglobulin-resistant Kawasaki disease. Methods Studies regarding drug therapy for intravenous immunoglobulin-resistant Kawasaki disease were selected from medical electronic databases including PubMed, Medline, Elsevier, and Springer Link. The effectiveness in terms of temperature recovery and coronary artery damage was compared between a second intravenous immunoglobulin treatment and glucocorticosteroid treatment for children with intravenous immunoglobulin-resistant Kawasaki disease using meta-analysis with Review Manager 5.3 software. Indices to evaluate the effects were body temperature, biomarker levels, and coronary artery lesions detected by echocardiography. Results are reported as relative risks or odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval and p 〈 0.05. Results Meta-analysis included 52 patients in the second intravenous immunoglobulin treatment group and 75 patients in the glucocorticosteroid treatment control group from four studies that met our inclusion criteria. Temperatures of patients who received glucocorticosteroid treatment were effectively controlled compared with those who received a second intravenous immunoglobulin treatment (relative risk=0.73, 95% confidence interval: 0.58–0.92, p=0.007). There were no differences, however, in the incidence of coronary artery lesions between the two groups (odds ratio=1.55, 95% confidence interval: 0.57–4.20, p=0.39). Conclusions Glucocorticosteroids are more effective in controlling body temperature compared with intravenous immunoglobulin re-treatment in intravenous immunoglobulin-resistant Kawasaki disease children; however, glucocorticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin re-treatment showed no difference in the prevention of coronary artery lesions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1047-9511 , 1467-1107
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S1047951114002601
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2015
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Profiles of levels of lipids and dyslipidaemia in children from Beijing, China
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2009
    In:  Cardiology in the Young Vol. 19, No. 5 ( 2009-10), p. 456-464
    Details
    In: Cardiology in the Young, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 19, No. 5 ( 2009-10), p. 456-464
    Abstract: There is limited data available on characteristics of profiles of lipids in children. The purpose of our investigation, therefore, was to determine the lipid profile, and analyze the prevalence of dyslipidaemia, in subgroups of children according to different gender, districts of residence, and ages in Beijing, China. Methods and Results We included 18,944 school children, aged from 7 to 18 years, in our community-based cross-sectional study, measuring the levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride in capillary blood, and at the same time determining their weight and height. Weights, heights, circumference at the waist, and body mass index proved to be significantly greater for the boys than the girls. The levels of total cholesterol of boys and girls were 3.98 ± 0.35, and 4.02 ± 0.35 mmol/L, respectively, while the comparable levels of triglycerides were 1.08 ± 0.52, and 1.18 ± 0.66 mmol/L, respectively. The percentages of hypercholesterolaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia, combined dyslipidaemia, and hyperlipidaemia were 1.2, 8.8, 0.4, and 9.7%, respectively. The incidences of hypertriglyceridaemia, combined dyslipidaemia, and hyperlipidaemia of girls were higher than boys. The levels of triglycerides for boys aged from 11 to 18 years living in an urban setting were higher than those for boys living in rural settings, as were the levels of total cholesterol for boys aged from 12 to 16 years. Conclusion Our study provides the newest current profiles of lipids for children living in Beijing. We found significant influences of age, districts of residence, and genders on the levels of lipids, features which need further attention in the prevention and treatment of dyslipidaemia.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1047-9511 , 1467-1107
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S1047951109990758
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2009
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A clinical manifestation-based prediction of haemodynamic patterns of orthostatic intolerance in children: a multi-centre study
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2014
    In:  Cardiology in the Young Vol. 24, No. 4 ( 2014-08), p. 649-653
    Details
    In: Cardiology in the Young, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 24, No. 4 ( 2014-08), p. 649-653
    Abstract: Objective: At present, the haemodynamic diagnosis of orthostatic intolerance is based mainly on the head-up tilt table test, which is sometimes risky for patients. Thus, it is important to find objective and safe methods to differentiate haemodynamic patterns of orthostatic intolerance cases. Methods: In all, 629 children with orthostatic intolerance, either vasovagal syncope or postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, were included in the multi-centre clinical study. We analysed the association between the clinical manifestation and haemodynamic patterns of the patients. Results: Syncope after motion with a prodrome of chest distress or palpitations and the concomitant symptom(s) after a syncopal attack, with debilitation, dizziness or headache, were the most important variables in predicting the diagnosis of vasovagal syncope. The overall diagnostic accuracy was 71.5%. Conclusion: Complaint of syncope after motion with prodromal chest distress or palpitation and the concomitant symptom after a syncopal attack, with subsequent debilitation, dizziness or headache, were the most important variables in the diagnosis of vasovagal syncope in children with orthostatic intolerance.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1047-9511 , 1467-1107
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S1047951113000929
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2014
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Assessment of therapeutic biomarkers in the treatment of children with postural tachycardia syndrome and vasovagal syncope
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2014
    In:  Cardiology in the Young Vol. 24, No. 5 ( 2014-10), p. 792-796
    Details
    In: Cardiology in the Young, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 24, No. 5 ( 2014-10), p. 792-796
    Abstract: Background: Postural tachycardia syndrome and vasovagal syncope are common causes of orthostatic intolerance in children. The supplementation with water, or salt, or midodrine, or β-blocker was applied to children with postural tachycardia syndrome or vasovagal syncope. However, the efficacy of such medication varied and was not satisfied. This review aimed to summarise the current biomarkers in the treatment of the diseases. Data sources: Studies were collected from online electronic databases, including OVID Medline, PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and associated references. The main areas assessed in the included studies were clinical improvement, the cure rate, and the individualised treatment for postural tachycardia syndrome and vasovagal syncope in children. Results: Haemodynamic change during head-up tilt test, and detection of 24-hour urinary sodium excretion, flow-mediated vasodilation, erythrocytic H 2 S, and plasma pro-adrenomedullin as biological markers were the new ways that were inexpensive, non-invasive, and easy to test for finding those who would be suitable for a specific drug and treatment. Conclusion: With the help of biomarkers, the therapeutic efficacy was greatly increased for children with postural tachycardia syndrome and vasovagal syncope.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1047-9511 , 1467-1107
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S1047951114000316
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2014
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Value of history taking in children and adolescents with cardiac syncope
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2013
    In:  Cardiology in the Young Vol. 23, No. 1 ( 2013-02), p. 54-60
    Details
    In: Cardiology in the Young, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 23, No. 1 ( 2013-02), p. 54-60
    Abstract: This study was designed to investigate the value of history taking in identifying children with cardiac syncope, and to improve diagnostic efficiency and accuracy in children with cardiac syncope. Methods and Results We compared the characteristics of a group of children and adolescents with cardiac syncope at the Pediatric Syncope Unit of five hospitals in China with those with typical vasovagal syncope. We included a cohort of 275 patients in Pediatric Syncope Unit. A cardiac cause of syncope was established in 31 patients, autonomic-mediated reflex syncope in 214, non-syncopal attacks in 15, and in the remaining 15 the cause of syncope remained unexplained. Cardiac syncope was triggered by exercise, whereas vasovagal syncope by prolonged standing, warm-crowded place, and fear or pain emotion. Syncopal spells occurred at various positions in cardiac syncope. Children who had prodromal symptoms with cardiac syncope were significantly fewer than those with vasovagal syncope. Most children with cardiac syncope had history of abnormal electrocardiogram findings when compared with children suffering from vasovagal syncope. On multivariable analysis, history of abnormal electrocardiogram findings and exercise-triggered syncope were independent predictors of cardiac syncope. Conclusion Children and adolescents with a history of abnormal electrocardiogram findings and exercise-related syncope spells were at high risk for cardiac syncope.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1047-9511 , 1467-1107
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S1047951112000303
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2013
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Modified Calgary score in differential diagnosis between cardiac syncope and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome-associated syncope in children
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2013
    In:  Cardiology in the Young Vol. 23, No. 3 ( 2013-06), p. 400-404
    Details
    In: Cardiology in the Young, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 23, No. 3 ( 2013-06), p. 400-404
    Abstract: The present study was designed to analyse the usefulness of a modified Calgary score system during differential diagnosis between cardiac syncope and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome-associated syncope through a large sample sized clinical investigation. The study included 213 children, including 101 boys and 112 girls, with cardiac syncope or postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome-associated syncope in the age group of 2–19 years (mean 11.8 ± 2.9 years). A modified Calgary score was created, which was analysed to predict differential diagnoses between cardiac syncope and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome-associated syncope using a receiver operating characteristic curve. The median of modified Calgary scores for cardiac syncope was −5.0, which significantly differed from that of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (0.0; p 〈 0.01). The sensitivity and specificity of a differentiation score of less than −2.5 was 96.3% and 72.7%, respectively. Owing to the fact that the modified Calgary score was an integer, when less than −3.0 the diagnosis could be considered as cardiac syncope. The modified Calgary score could be used to make an initial differential diagnosis between cardiac syncope and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome-associated syncope in the clinic.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1047-9511 , 1467-1107
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S1047951112001266
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2013
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