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  • 1
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    Comparison of Predictors and Mortality Between Bloodstream Infections Caused by ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli and ESBL-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2018
    In:  Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology Vol. 39, No. 6 ( 2018-06), p. 660-667
    Details
    In: Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 39, No. 6 ( 2018-06), p. 660-667
    Abstract: To compare the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and mortality of patients with bloodstream infections (BSI) caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) versus ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL-KP) and to examine the differences in clinical characteristics and outcome between BSIs caused by isolates with CTX-M versus other ESBL genotypes METHODS As part of the INCREMENT project, 33 tertiary hospitals in 12 countries retrospectively collected data on adult patients diagnosed with ESBL-EC BSI or ESBL-KP BSI between 2004 and 2013. Risk factors for ESBL-EC versus ESBL-KP BSI and for 30-day mortality were examined by bivariate analysis followed by multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS The study included 909 patients: 687 with ESBL-EC BSI and 222 with ESBL-KP BSI. ESBL genotype by polymerase chain reaction amplification of 286 isolates was available. ESBL-KP BSI was associated with intensive care unit admission, cardiovascular and neurological comorbidities, length of stay to bacteremia 〉 14 days from admission, and a nonurinary source. Overall, 30-day mortality was significantly higher in patients with ESBL-KP BSI than ESBL-EC BSI (33.7% vs 17.4%; odds ratio, 1.64; P =.016). CTX-M was the most prevalent ESBL subtype identified (218 of 286 polymerase chain reaction-tested isolates, 76%). No differences in clinical characteristics or in mortality between CTX-M and non–CTX-M ESBLs were detected. CONCLUSIONS Clinical characteristics and risk of mortality differ significantly between ESBL-EC and ESBL-KP BSI. Therefore, all ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae should not be considered a homogeneous group. No differences in outcomes between genotypes were detected. CLINICAL TRIALS IDENTIFIER ClinicalTrials.gov. Identifier: NCT01764490. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;39:660–667
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0899-823X , 1559-6834
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/ice.2018.63
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2106319-9
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  • 2
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    The effect of virtual reality (VR) used as a distraction method in pain response
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2011
    In:  European Psychiatry Vol. 26, No. S2 ( 2011-03), p. 996-996
    Details
    In: European Psychiatry, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 26, No. S2 ( 2011-03), p. 996-996
    Abstract: Cognitive strategies have received considerable attention in the field of pain management, together with more traditional approaches based on physical interventions and behavior modification. Distraction is a technique that lately has been often studied. Distraction is based on an individual's limited attention capacity; it diminishes attention aimed to a painful stimulus with a subsequent pain reduction (Wismeijer & Vingerhoets, 2005). Objective To study the effect of VR as a distraction technique in an experimental pain task. Method 37 healthy participants were induced pain through two consecutive immersions using the cold-pressor test. All participants went through two experimental conditions: VR and black screen. The order of conditions was counterbalanced and a design of repetitive measures was used. A virtual environment “Surreal World” was developed based on distraction techniques designed to surprise participants. The effect of VR as a distraction technique was evaluated using objective measures of pain (threshold, tolerance, pain intensity and time estimation) and other cognitive measures (self-efficacy and catastrophic thinking in vivo). Results VR significantly decreased tolerance and pain intensity, influenced participants to underestimate the length of immersion. A higher self-efficacy in VR and a lower rumination and helplessness were registered in the pain experience. Thus, VR may help improve the efficacy of cognitive strategies. Perspectives The study shows the relevance of VR as an adjunctive method in the treatment of acute pain and allows studying its efficacy in patients with chronic pain.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0924-9338 , 1778-3585
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/S0924-9338(11)72701-8
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2005377-0
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  • 3
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    The GLEAMing of the first supermassive black holes: II. A new sample of high-redshift radio galaxy candidates
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2022
    In:  Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia Vol. 39 ( 2022)
    Details
    In: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 39 ( 2022)
    Abstract: While unobscured and radio-quiet active galactic nuclei are regularly being found at redshifts $z 〉 6$ , their obscured and radio-loud counterparts remain elusive. We build upon our successful pilot study, presenting a new sample of low-frequency-selected candidate high-redshift radio galaxies (HzRGs) over a sky area 20 times larger. We have refined our selection technique, in which we select sources with curved radio spectra between 72–231 MHz from the GaLactic and Extragalactic All-sky Murchison Widefield Array (GLEAM) survey. In combination with the requirements that our GLEAM-selected HzRG candidates have compact radio morphologies and be undetected in near-infrared $K_{\rm s}$ -band imaging from the Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy Kilo-degree Infrared Galaxy (VIKING) survey, we find 51 new candidate HzRGs over a sky area of approximately $1200\ \mathrm{deg}^2$ . Our sample also includes two sources from the pilot study: the second-most distant radio galaxy currently known, at $z=5.55$ , with another source potentially at $z \sim 8$ . We present our refined selection technique and analyse the properties of the sample. We model the broadband radio spectra between 74 MHz and 9 GHz by supplementing the GLEAM data with both publicly available data and new observations from the Australia Telescope Compact Array at 5.5 and 9 GHz. In addition, deep $K_{\rm s}$ -band imaging from the High-Acuity Widefield K -band Imager (HAWK-I) on the Very Large Telescope and from the Southern Herschel Astrophysical Terahertz Large Area Survey Regions $K_{\rm s}$ -band Survey (SHARKS) is presented for five sources. We discuss the prospects of finding very distant radio galaxies in our sample, potentially within the epoch of reionisation at $z \gtrsim 6.5$ .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1323-3580 , 1448-6083
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/pasa.2022.42
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2560489-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2079225-6
    SSG: 16,12
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  • 4
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    Iodine status and thyroid function among Spanish schoolchildren aged 6–7 years: the Tirokid study
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2016
    In:  British Journal of Nutrition Vol. 115, No. 9 ( 2016-05-14), p. 1623-1631
    Details
    In: British Journal of Nutrition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 115, No. 9 ( 2016-05-14), p. 1623-1631
    Abstract: I deficiency is still a worldwide public health problem, with children being especially vulnerable. No nationwide study had been conducted to assess the I status of Spanish children, and thus an observational, multicentre and cross-sectional study was conducted in Spain to assess the I status and thyroid function in schoolchildren aged 6–7 years. The median urinary I (UI) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels in whole blood were used to assess the I status and thyroid function, respectively. A FFQ was used to determine the consumption of I-rich foods. A total of 1981 schoolchildren (52 % male) were included. The median UI was 173 μg/l, and 17·9 % of children showed UI 〈 100 μg/l. The median UI was higher in males (180·8 v. 153·6 μg/l; P 〈 0·001). Iodised salt (IS) intake at home was 69·8 %. IS consumption and intakes of ≥2 glasses of milk or 1 cup of yogurt/d were associated with significantly higher median UI. Median TSH was 0·90 mU/l and was higher in females (0·98 v. 0·83; P 〈 0·001). In total, 0·5 % of children had known hypothyroidism (derived from the questionnaire) and 7·6 % had TSH levels above reference values. Median TSH was higher in schoolchildren with family history of hypothyroidism. I intake was adequate in Spanish schoolchildren. However, no correlation was found between TSH and median UI in any geographical area. The prevalence of TSH above reference values was high and its association with thyroid autoimmunity should be determined. Further assessment of thyroid autoimmunity in Spanish schoolchildren is desirable.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-1145 , 1475-2662
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0007114516000660
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016047-1
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  • 5
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    Changes in bread consumption and 4-year changes in adiposity in Spanish subjects at high cardiovascular risk
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2013
    In:  British Journal of Nutrition Vol. 110, No. 2 ( 2013-07-28), p. 337-346
    Details
    In: British Journal of Nutrition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 110, No. 2 ( 2013-07-28), p. 337-346
    Abstract: The effects of bread consumption change over time on anthropometric measures have been scarcely studied. We analysed 2213 participants at high risk for CVD from the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) trial to assess the association between changes in the consumption of bread and weight and waist circumference gain over time. Dietary habits were assessed with validated FFQ at baseline and repeatedly every year during 4 years of follow-up. Using multivariate models to adjust for covariates, long-term weight and waist circumference changes according to quartiles of change in energy-adjusted white and whole-grain bread consumption were calculated. The present results showed that over 4 years, participants in the highest quartile of change in white bread intake gained 0·76 kg more than those in the lowest quartile ( P for trend = 0·003) and 1·28 cm more than those in the lowest quartile ( P for trend 〈  0·001). No significant dose–response relationships were observed for change in whole-bread consumption and anthropometric measures. Gaining weight ( 〉 2 kg) and gaining waist circumference ( 〉 2 cm) during follow-up was not associated with increase in bread consumption, but participants in the highest quartile of changes in white bread intake had a reduction of 33 % in the odds of losing weight ( 〉 2 kg) and a reduction of 36 % in the odds of losing waist circumference ( 〉 2 cm). The present results suggest that reducing white bread, but not whole-grain bread consumption, within a Mediterranean-style food pattern setting is associated with lower gains in weight and abdominal fat.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-1145 , 1475-2662
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S000711451200476X
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016047-1
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    SSG: 21
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  • 6
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    Consensus guideline for the evaluation of physical health in patients with schizophrenia
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2007
    In:  European Psychiatry Vol. 22 ( 2007-3), p. S105-
    Details
    In: European Psychiatry, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 22 ( 2007-3), p. S105-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0924-9338
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2007.01.331
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2005377-0
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  • 7
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    Predicting the onset of major depression in primary care: international validation of a risk prediction algorithm from Spain
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2011
    In:  Psychological Medicine Vol. 41, No. 10 ( 2011-10), p. 2075-2088
    Details
    In: Psychological Medicine, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 41, No. 10 ( 2011-10), p. 2075-2088
    Abstract: The different incidence rates of, and risk factors for, depression in different countries argue for the need to have a specific risk algorithm for each country or a supranational risk algorithm. We aimed to develop and validate a predictD-Spain risk algorithm (PSRA) for the onset of major depression and to compare the performance of the PSRA with the predictD-Europe risk algorithm (PERA) in Spanish primary care. Method A prospective cohort study with evaluations at baseline, 6 and 12 months. We measured 39 known risk factors and used multi-level logistic regression and inverse probability weighting to build the PSRA. In Spain (4574), Chile (2133) and another five European countries (5184), 11 891 non-depressed adult primary care attendees formed our at-risk population. The main outcome was DSM-IV major depression (CIDI). Results Six variables were patient characteristics or past events (sex, age, sex×age interaction, education, physical child abuse, and lifetime depression) and six were current status [Short Form 12 (SF-12) physical score, SF-12 mental score, dissatisfaction with unpaid work, number of serious problems in very close persons, dissatisfaction with living together at home, and taking medication for stress, anxiety or depression] . The C-index of the PSRA was 0.82 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.79–0.84]. The Integrated Discrimination Improvement (IDI) was 0.0558 [standard error ( s.e .)=0.0071, Z exp =7.88, p 〈 0.0001] mainly due to the increase in sensitivity. Both the IDI and calibration plots showed that the PSRA functioned better than the PERA in Spain. Conclusions The PSRA included new variables and afforded an improved performance over the PERA for predicting the onset of major depression in Spain. However, the PERA is still the best option in other European countries.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0033-2917 , 1469-8978
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0033291711000468
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1470300-2
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 8
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    Workshop Report: concepts and methods in the economics of nutrition – gateways to better economic evaluation of nutrition interventions
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2012
    In:  British Journal of Nutrition Vol. 108, No. 9 ( 2012-11-14), p. 1714-1720
    Details
    In: British Journal of Nutrition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 108, No. 9 ( 2012-11-14), p. 1714-1720
    Abstract: Improving health through better nutrition of the population may contribute to enhanced efficiency and sustainability of healthcare systems. A recent expert meeting investigated in detail a number of methodological aspects related to the discipline of nutrition economics. The role of nutrition in health maintenance and in the prevention of non-communicable diseases is now generally recognised. However, the main scope of those seeking to contain healthcare expenditures tends to focus on the management of existing chronic diseases. Identifying additional relevant dimensions to measure and the context of use will become increasingly important in selecting and developing outcome measurements for nutrition interventions. The translation of nutrition-related research data into public health guidance raises the challenging issue of carrying out more pragmatic trials in many areas where these would generate the most useful evidence for health policy decision-making. Nutrition exemplifies all the types of interventions and policy which need evaluating across the health field. There is a need to start actively engaging key stakeholders in order to collect data and to widen health technology assessment approaches for achieving a policy shift from evidence-based medicine to evidence-based decision-making in the field of nutrition.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-1145 , 1475-2662
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0007114512003704
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2012
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  • 9
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    Standard comparison of local mental health care systems in eight European countries
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2019
    In:  Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences Vol. 28, No. 2 ( 2019-04), p. 210-223
    Details
    In: Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 28, No. 2 ( 2019-04), p. 210-223
    Abstract: There is a need of more quantitative standardised data to compare local Mental Health Systems (MHSs) across international jurisdictions. Problems related to terminological variability and commensurability in the evaluation of services hamper like-with-like comparisons and hinder the development of work in this area. This study was aimed to provide standard assessment and comparison of MHS in selected local areas in Europe, contributing to a better understanding of MHS and related allocation of resources at local level and to lessen the scarcity in standard service comparison in Europe. This study is part of the Seventh Framework programme REFINEMENT (Research on Financing Systems’ Effect on the Quality of Mental Health Care in Europe) project. Methods. A total of eight study areas from European countries with different systems of care (Austria, England, Finland, France, Italy, Norway, Romania, Spain) were analysed using a standard open-access classification system (Description and Evaluation of Services for Long Term Care in Europe, DESDE-LTC). All publicly funded services universally accessible to adults (≥18 years) with a psychiatric disorder were coded. Care availability, diversity and capacity were compared across these eight local MHS. Results. The comparison of MHS revealed more community-oriented delivery systems in the areas of England (Hampshire) and Southern European countries (Verona – Italy and Girona – Spain). Community-oriented systems with a higher proportion of hospital care were identified in Austria (Industrieviertel) and Scandinavian countries (Sør-Trøndelag in Norway and Helsinki-Uusimaa in Finland), while Loiret (France) was considered as a predominantly hospital-based system. The MHS in Suceava (Romania) was still in transition to community care. Conclusions. There is a significant variation in care availability and capacity across MHS of local areas in Europe. This information is relevant for understanding the process of implementation of community-oriented mental health care in local areas. Standard comparison of care provision in local areas is important for context analysis and policy planning.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-7960 , 2045-7979
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S2045796017000415
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 10
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    Coping Strategies and Postpartum Depressive Symptoms: a Structural Equation Modelling Approach
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2015
    In:  European Psychiatry Vol. 30, No. 6 ( 2015-09), p. 701-708
    Details
    In: European Psychiatry, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 30, No. 6 ( 2015-09), p. 701-708
    Abstract: Variables such as the mother's personality, social support, coping strategies and stressful events have been described as risk factors for postpartum depression. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) analysis was used to examine whether neuroticism, perceived social support, perceived life events, and coping strategies are associated with postpartum depressive symptoms at the 8th and 32nd weeks. Methods A total of 1626 pregnant women participated in a longitudinal study. Different evaluations were performed 8 and 32 weeks after delivery. Several measures were used: the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), the Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies (DIGS), the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ-RS), the St. Paul Ramsey life events scale and the Duke-UNC Functional Social Support Questionnaire. The brief COPE scale was used to measure coping strategies. SEM analysis was conducted for all women and in those women with a clinical diagnosis of postpartum depression. Results Passive coping strategies were associated with postpartum depressive symptoms at both visits (8th and 32nd weeks). Neuroticism was associated with more passive coping strategies and less active coping strategies. Neuroticism and life stress were positively correlated, and social support was negatively correlated with life stress and neuroticism. Conclusions Early identification of potential risk for symptomatology of depression postpartum should include assessment of neuroticism, life events, social support and coping strategies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0924-9338 , 1778-3585
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.06.001
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2015
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