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  • 1
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    Influence of daily 10–85 μg vitamin D supplements during pregnancy and lactation on maternal vitamin D status and mature milk antirachitic activity
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2019
    In:  British Journal of Nutrition Vol. 121, No. 4 ( 2019-02-28), p. 426-438
    Details
    In: British Journal of Nutrition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 121, No. 4 ( 2019-02-28), p. 426-438
    Kurzfassung: Pregnant and lactating women and breastfed infants are at risk of vitamin D deficiency. The supplemental vitamin D dose that optimises maternal vitamin D status and breast milk antirachitic activity (ARA) is unclear. Healthy pregnant women were randomised to 10 ( n 10), 35 ( n 11), 60 ( n 11) and 85 ( n 11) µg vitamin D 3 /d from 20 gestational weeks (GW) to 4 weeks postpartum (PP). The participants also received increasing dosages of fish oil supplements and a multivitamin. Treatment allocation was not blinded. Parent vitamin D and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) were measured in maternal plasma at 20 GW, 36 GW and 4 weeks PP, and in milk at 4 weeks PP. Median 25(OH)D and parent vitamin D at 20 GW were 85 (range 25–131) nmol/l and ‘not detectable (nd)’ (range nd–40) nmol/l. Both increased, seemingly dose dependent, from 20 to 36 GW and decreased from 36 GW to 4 weeks PP. In all, 35 µg vitamin D/d was needed to increase 25(OH)D to adequacy (80–249 nmol/l) in 〉 97·5 % of participants at 36 GW, while 〉 85 µg/d was needed to reach this criterion at 4 weeks PP. The 25(OH)D increments from 20 to 36 GW and from 20 GW to 4 weeks PP diminished with supplemental dose and related inversely to 25(OH)D at 20 GW. Milk ARA related to vitamin D 3 dose, but the infant adequate intake of 513 IU/l was not reached. Vitamin D 3 dosages of 35 and 〉 85 µg/d were needed to reach adequate maternal vitamin D status at 36 GW and 4 weeks PP, respectively.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0007-1145 , 1475-2662
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0007114518003598
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publikationsdatum: 2019
    ZDB Id: 2016047-1
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 21
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
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    Milk vitamin D in relation to the ‘adequate intake’ for 0–6-month-old infants: a study in lactating women with different cultural backgrounds, living at different latitudes
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2017
    In:  British Journal of Nutrition Vol. 118, No. 10 ( 2017-11-28), p. 804-812
    Details
    In: British Journal of Nutrition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 118, No. 10 ( 2017-11-28), p. 804-812
    Kurzfassung: Breast-fed infants are susceptible to vitamin D deficiency rickets. The current vitamin D ‘adequate intake’ (AI) for 0–6-month-old infants is 10 µg/d, corresponding with a human milk antirachitic activity (ARA) of 513 IU/l. We were particularly interested to see whether milk ARA of mothers with lifetime abundant sunlight exposure reaches the AI. We measured milk ARA of lactating mothers with different cultural backgrounds, living at different latitudes. Mature milk was derived from 181 lactating women in the Netherlands, Curaçao, Vietnam, Malaysia and Tanzania. Milk ARA and plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) were analysed by liquid-chromatography-MS/MS; milk fatty acids were analysed by GC-flame ionisation detector (FID). None of the mothers reached the milk vitamin D AI. Milk ARA ( n ; median; range) were as follows: Netherlands ( n 9; 46 IU/l; 3–51), Curaçao ( n 10; 31 IU/l; 5–113), Vietnam: Halong Bay ( n 20; 58 IU/l; 23–110), Phu Tho ( n 22; 28 IU/l; 1–62), Tien Giang ( n 20; 63 IU/l; 26–247), Ho-Chi-Minh-City ( n 18; 49 IU/l; 24–116), Hanoi ( n 21; 37 IU/l; 11–118), Malaysia–Kuala Lumpur ( n 20; 14 IU/l; 1–46) and Tanzania-Ukerewe ( n 21; 77 IU/l; 12–232) and Maasai ( n 20; 88 IU/l; 43–189). We collected blood samples of these lactating women in Curaçao, Vietnam and from Tanzania–Ukerewe, and found that 33·3 % had plasma 25(OH)D levels between 80 and 249·9 nmol/l, 47·3 % between 50 and 79·9 nmol/l and 19·4 % between 25 and 49·9 nmol/l. Milk ARA correlated positively with maternal plasma 25(OH)D (range 27–132 nmol/l, r 0·40) and milk EPA+DHA (0·1–3·1 g%, r 0·20), and negatively with latitude (2°S-53°N, r −0·21). Milk ARA of mothers with lifetime abundant sunlight exposure is not even close to the vitamin D AI for 0–6-month-old infants. Our data may point at the importance of adequate fetal vitamin D stores.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0007-1145 , 1475-2662
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S000711451700277X
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publikationsdatum: 2017
    ZDB Id: 2016047-1
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 21
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
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    Interrelationships between maternal DHA in erythrocytes, milk and adipose tissue. Is 1 wt% DHA the optimal human milk content? Data from four Tanzanian tribes differing in lifetime stable intakes of fish
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2014
    In:  British Journal of Nutrition Vol. 111, No. 5 ( 2014-03-14), p. 854-866
    Details
    In: British Journal of Nutrition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 111, No. 5 ( 2014-03-14), p. 854-866
    Kurzfassung: Little is known about the interrelationships between maternal and infant erythrocyte-DHA, milk-DHA and maternal adipose tissue (AT)-DHA contents. We studied these relationships in four tribes in Tanzania (Maasai, Pare, Sengerema and Ukerewe) differing in their lifetime intakes of fish. Cross-sectional samples were collected at delivery and after 3 d and 3 months of exclusive breast-feeding. We found that intra-uterine biomagnification is a sign of low maternal DHA status, that genuine biomagnification occurs during lactation, that lactating mothers with low DHA status cannot augment their infants' DHA status, and that lactating mothers lose DHA independent of their DHA status. A maternal erythrocyte-DHA content of 8 wt% was found to correspond with a mature milk-DHA content of 1·0 wt% and with subcutaneous and abdominal (omentum) AT-DHA contents of about 0·39 and 0·52 wt%, respectively. Consequently, 1 wt% DHA might be a target for Western human milk and infant formula that has milk arachidonic acid, EPA and linoleic acid contents of 0·55, 0·22 and 9·32 wt%, respectively. With increasing DHA status, the erythrocyte-DHA content reaches a plateau of about 9 wt%, and it plateaus more readily than milk-DHA and AT-DHA contents. Compared with the average Tanzanian-Ukerewe woman, the average US woman has four times lower AT-DHA content (0·4 v. 0·1 wt%) and five times lower mature milk-DHA output (301 v. 60 mg/d), which contrasts with her estimated 1·8–2·6 times lower mobilisable AT-DHA content (19 v. 35–50 g).
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0007-1145 , 1475-2662
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0007114513003255
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publikationsdatum: 2014
    ZDB Id: 2016047-1
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 21
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
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    Supplementation of DHA but not DHA with arachidonic acid during pregnancy and lactation influences general movement quality in 12-week-old term infants
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2010
    In:  British Journal of Nutrition Vol. 103, No. 2 ( 2010-01-28), p. 235-242
    Details
    In: British Journal of Nutrition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 103, No. 2 ( 2010-01-28), p. 235-242
    Kurzfassung: DHA and arachidonic acid (AA) are important for neurodevelopment. A traditional neonatal neurological examination and the evaluation of general movement quality are sensitive techniques for assessing neurodevelopment in young infants. Mildly abnormal general movements at 3 months have been associated with a non-optimal current brain condition. We investigated whether supplementation of DHA during pregnancy and lactation influences the infant's brain development and whether additional AA modulates this effect. Healthy women were randomly assigned to DHA (220 mg/d, n 42), DHA+AA (220 mg each/d, n 41) or control ( n 36), from about week 17 (range 14–20 weeks) of pregnancy until 12 weeks postpartum. The control and the DHA+AA groups had approximately comparable dietary DHA/AA ratios. The standardised neonatal neurological examination was carried out at 2 weeks. General movement quality was assessed at 2 and 12 weeks. Neither DHA alone nor DHA+AA influenced outcomes in the traditional examination. General movement quality of infants in the DHA group was lower than that of infants in the other two groups, especially at 12 weeks: 61 % of the infants in the DHA group showed mildly abnormal general movements compared with 31 % in the control group ( P  = 0·008) and 34 % in the DHA+AA group ( P  = 0·015). We conclude that general movement quality at 12 weeks is sensitive to the maternal dietary DHA/AA balance.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0007-1145 , 1475-2662
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0007114509991528
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publikationsdatum: 2010
    ZDB Id: 2016047-1
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 21
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
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    Estimated macronutrient and fatty acid intakes from an East African Paleolithic diet
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2010
    In:  British Journal of Nutrition Vol. 104, No. 11 ( 2010-12-14), p. 1666-1687
    Details
    In: British Journal of Nutrition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 104, No. 11 ( 2010-12-14), p. 1666-1687
    Kurzfassung: Our genome adapts slowly to changing conditions of existence. Many diseases of civilisation result from mismatches between our Paleolithic genome and the rapidly changing environment, including our diet. The objective of the present study was to reconstruct multiple Paleolithic diets to estimate the ranges of nutrient intakes upon which humanity evolved. A database of, predominantly East African, plant and animal foods (meat/fish) was used to model multiple Paleolithic diets, using two pathophysiological constraints (i.e. protein 〈  35 energy % (en%) and linoleic acid (LA) 〉 1·0 en%), at known hunter–gatherer plant/animal food intake ratios (range 70/30–30/70 en%/en%). We investigated selective and non-selective savannah, savannah/aquatic and aquatic hunter–gatherer/scavenger foraging strategies. We found (range of medians in en%) intakes of moderate-to-high protein (25–29), moderate-to-high fat (30–39) and moderate carbohydrates (39–40). The fatty acid composition was SFA (11·4–12·0), MUFA (5·6–18·5) and PUFA (8·6–15·2). The latter was high in α-linolenic acid (ALA) (3·7–4·7 en%), low in LA (2·3–3·6 en%), and high in long-chain PUFA (LCP; 4·75–25·8 g/d), LCP n -3 (2·26–17·0 g/d), LCP n -6 (2·54–8·84 g/d), ALA/LA ratio (1·12–1·64 g/g) and LCP n -3/LCP n -6 ratio (0·84–1·92 g/g). Consistent with the wide range of employed variables, nutrient intakes showed wide ranges. We conclude that compared with Western diets, Paleolithic diets contained consistently higher protein and LCP, and lower LA. These are likely to contribute to the known beneficial effects of Paleolithic-like diets, e.g. through increased satiety/satiation. Disparities between Paleolithic, contemporary and recommended intakes might be important factors underlying the aetiology of common Western diseases. Data on Paleolithic diets and lifestyle, rather than the investigation of single nutrients, might be useful for the rational design of clinical trials.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0007-1145 , 1475-2662
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0007114510002679
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publikationsdatum: 2010
    ZDB Id: 2016047-1
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 21
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
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    Traditionally living populations in East Africa have a mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration of 115 nmol/l
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2012
    In:  British Journal of Nutrition Vol. 108, No. 9 ( 2012-11-14), p. 1557-1561
    Details
    In: British Journal of Nutrition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 108, No. 9 ( 2012-11-14), p. 1557-1561
    Kurzfassung: Cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D by exposure to UVB is the principal source of vitamin D in the human body. Our current clothing habits and reduced time spent outdoors put us at risk of many insufficiency-related diseases that are associated with calcaemic and non-calcaemic functions of vitamin D. Populations with traditional lifestyles having lifelong, year-round exposure to tropical sunlight might provide us with information on optimal vitamin D status from an evolutionary perspective. We measured the sum of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D 2 and D 3 (25(OH)D) concentrations of thirty-five pastoral Maasai (34 ( sd 10) years, 43 % male) and twenty-five Hadzabe hunter–gatherers (35 ( sd 12) years, 84 % male) living in Tanzania. They have skin type VI, have a moderate degree of clothing, spend the major part of the day outdoors, but avoid direct exposure to sunlight when possible. Their 25(OH)D concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography–MS/MS. The mean serum 25(OH)D concentrations of Maasai and Hadzabe were 119 (range 58–167) and 109 (range 71–171) nmol/l, respectively. These concentrations were not related to age, sex or BMI. People with traditional lifestyles, living in the cradle of mankind, have a mean circulating 25(OH)D concentration of 115 nmol/l. Whether this concentration is optimal under the conditions of the current Western lifestyle is uncertain, and should as a possible target be investigated with concomitant appreciation of other important factors in Ca homeostasis that we have changed since the agricultural revolution.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0007-1145 , 1475-2662
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0007114511007161
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publikationsdatum: 2012
    ZDB Id: 2016047-1
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 21
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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