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  • Cambridge University Press (CUP)  (2)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Outbreak of Hemodialysis Vascular Access Site Infections Related to Malfunctioning Permanent Tunneled Catheters: Making the Case for Active Infection Surveillance
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2002
    In:  Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology Vol. 23, No. 9 ( 2002-09), p. 538-541
    Details
    In: Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 23, No. 9 ( 2002-09), p. 538-541
    Abstract: To describe an outbreak of infections with permanent cuffed hemodialysis catheters recognized through ongoing surveillance and related to a specific malfunctioning permanent catheter. Design: The outbreak was suspected from the results of prospective infection surveillance and confirmed by a retrospective cohort study using medical records for patients receiving dialysis between April 1,1999, and March 31, 2000. Setting: Integrated network of six outpatient hemodialysis facilities in southern Idaho and eastern Oregon. Patients: Outpatients receiving long-term hemodialysis. Results: During the 18 months prior to the outbreak, the overall infection rate was 4.1 infections per 1,000 dialysis sessions with a catheter rate of 8.9 per 1,000 dialysis sessions. During the 7 months of the outbreak, the overall rate increased to 5.8 per 1,000 dialysis sessions, whereas the catheter rate increased to 18.1 per 1,000 dialysis sessions. Reports of malfunctioning “Brand A” catheters prompted discontinuation of their placement. A manufacturer recall occurred in April 2000. During the 14 months after the outbreak, the overall infection rate decreased to 3.3 per 1,000 dialysis sessions and the catheter rate to 10.8 per 1,000 dialysis sessions. A 12-month retrospective cohort study recognized 96 patients with an identifiable catheter brand and 48 infections. Of these, 27 (56%) occurred in patients with Brand A catheters. The relative risk for infection when compared with other catheter brands was 1.96 (95% confidence interval, 1.32 to 2.92; P 〈 .001). Conclusions: Ongoing infection surveillance in hemodialysis facilities can identify specific device-related outbreaks of infections and promote interventions to reduce infectious complications and promote patient safety. Surveillance for vascular access site infections is recommended as a routine activity in hemodialysis facilities.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0899-823X , 1559-6834
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1086/502103
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2002
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2106319-9
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Mineral-scale Sr isotope variation in plutonic rocks — a tool for unravelling the evolution of magma systems
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2008
    In:  Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences Vol. 97, No. 4 ( 2008), p. 357-367
    Details
    In: Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 97, No. 4 ( 2008), p. 357-367
    Abstract: Isotope ratios of elements such as Sr, Nd, Pb and Hf can be used as tracers of magmatic sources and processes. Analytical capabilities have evolved so that isotope ratios can now be analysed in situ , and isotopic tracers can therefore be used within single minerals to track the changing magmatic environment in which a given mineral grew. This contribution shows that Sr isotope ratios in feldspars that make up plutonic rocks will typically preserve initial isotopic variations, provided precise and accurate age corrections can be applied. Variations in initial isotope ratio can give a core-to-rim record of magmatic evolution and can be used to diagnose open system events such as contamination and magma recharge and mixing. New single grain Sr isotope data are presented from the Dais Intrusion, Antarctica, which reflect an open system origin for the crystals. The crystal cargo appears to be aggregated and assembled during transport and emplacement. This model, as opposed to a magma body crystallising post emplacement, may be more applicable to plutonic rocks in general, and is testable using the in situ isotopic determination methods described here.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0263-5933 , 1473-7116
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0263593300001504
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2411260-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2402633-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 146835-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2085149-2
    SSG: 13
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