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  • Cambridge University Press (CUP)  (4)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Reconstruction and prediction of viral disease epidemics
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2019
    In:  Epidemiology and Infection Vol. 147 ( 2019)
    Details
    In: Epidemiology and Infection, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 147 ( 2019)
    Abstract: A growing number of infectious pathogens are spreading among geographic regions. Some pathogens that were previously not considered to pose a general threat to human health have emerged at regional and global scales, such as Zika and Ebola Virus Disease. Other pathogens, such as yellow fever virus, were previously thought to be under control but have recently re-emerged, causing new challenges to public health organisations. A wide array of new modelling techniques, aided by increased computing capabilities, novel diagnostic tools, and the increased speed and availability of genomic sequencing allow researchers to identify new pathogens more rapidly, assess the likelihood of geographic spread, and quantify the speed of human-to-human transmission. Despite some initial successes in predicting the spread of acute viral infections, the practicalities and sustainability of such approaches will need to be evaluated in the context of public health responses.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0950-2688 , 1469-4409
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0950268818002881
    RVK:
    XA 41125
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1470211-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 632982-2
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Quantifying homologous and heterologous antibody titre rises after influenza virus infection
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2016
    In:  Epidemiology and Infection Vol. 144, No. 11 ( 2016-08), p. 2306-2316
    Details
    In: Epidemiology and Infection, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 144, No. 11 ( 2016-08), p. 2306-2316
    Abstract: Most influenza virus infections are associated with mild disease. One approach to estimate the occurrence of influenza virus infections in individuals is via repeated measurement of humoral antibody titres. We used baseline and convalescent antibody titres measured by haemagglutination inhibition (HI) and viral neutralization (VN) assays against influenza A(H1N1), A(H3N2) and B viruses to investigate the characteristics of antibody rises following virologically confirmed influenza virus infections in participants in a community-based study. Multivariate models were fitted in a Bayesian framework to characterize the distribution of changes in antibody titres following influenza A virus infections. In 122 participants with PCR-confirmed influenza A virus infection, homologous antibody titres rose by geometric means of 1·2- to 10·2-fold after infection with A(H1N1), A(H3N2) and A(H1N1)pdm09. Significant cross-reactions were observed between A(H1N1)pdm09 and seasonal A(H1N1). Antibody titre rises for some subtypes and assays varied by age, receipt of oseltamivir treatment, and recent receipt of influenza vaccination. In conclusion, we provided a quantitative description of the mean and variation in rises in influenza virus antibody titres following influenza virus infection. The multivariate patterns in boosting of antibody titres following influenza virus infection could be taken into account to improve estimates of cumulative incidence of infection in seroepidemiological studies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0950-2688 , 1469-4409
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0950268816000583
    RVK:
    XA 41125
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1470211-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 632982-2
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Repeated influenza vaccination of healthy children and adults: borrow now, pay later?
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2006
    In:  Epidemiology and Infection Vol. 134, No. 1 ( 2006-02), p. 63-70
    Details
    In: Epidemiology and Infection, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 134, No. 1 ( 2006-02), p. 63-70
    Abstract: A growing number of publications are recommending annual influenza vaccination of healthy children and adults. However, the long-term consequences of repeated influenza vaccination are unknown. We used a simple model of recurrent influenza infection to assess the likely impact of various repeated influenza vaccination scenarios. The model was based on a Markovian framework and was fitted on annual incidence rates of influenza infection by age. We found that natural influenza infection reduced the risk of being re-infected by 15·4% (95% confidence interval 7·1–23·0). Various scenarios of repeated influenza vaccination were then simulated and compared with a reference scenario where vaccination is given from age 65 years onwards. We show that repeated vaccination at a young age substantially increases the risk of influenza in older age, by a factor ranging between 1·2 (vaccination after 50 years) to 2·4 (vaccination from birth). These findings have important implications for influenza vaccination policies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0950-2688 , 1469-4409
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0950268805005479
    RVK:
    XA 41125
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1470211-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 632982-2
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Decreased risk of non-influenza respiratory infection after influenza B virus infection in children
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2024
    In:  Epidemiology and Infection Vol. 152 ( 2024)
    Details
    In: Epidemiology and Infection, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 152 ( 2024)
    Abstract: Previous studies suggest that influenza virus infection may provide temporary non-specific immunity and hence lower the risk of non-influenza respiratory virus infection. In a randomized controlled trial of influenza vaccination, 1 330 children were followed-up in 2009–2011. Respiratory swabs were collected when they reported acute respiratory illness and tested against influenza and other respiratory viruses. We used Poisson regression to compare the incidence of non-influenza respiratory virus infection before and after influenza virus infection. Based on 52 children with influenza B virus infection, the incidence rate ratio (IRR) of non-influenza respiratory virus infection after influenza virus infection was 0.47 (95% confidence interval: 0.27–0.82) compared with before infection. Simulation suggested that this IRR was 0.87 if the temporary protection did not exist. We identified a decreased risk of non-influenza respiratory virus infection after influenza B virus infection in children. Further investigation is needed to determine if this decreased risk could be attributed to temporary non-specific immunity acquired from influenza virus infection.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0950-2688 , 1469-4409
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0950268824000542
    RVK:
    XA 41125
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1470211-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 632982-2
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