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  • Cambridge University Press (CUP)  (9)
  • 1
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    The energetics of flow through a rapidly oscillating tube. Part 1. General theory
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2010
    In:  Journal of Fluid Mechanics Vol. 648 ( 2010-04-10), p. 83-121
    Details
    In: Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 648 ( 2010-04-10), p. 83-121
    Abstract: We examine the effect of prescribed wall-driven oscillations of a flexible tube of arbitrary cross-section, through which a flow is driven by prescribing either a steady flux at the downstream end or a steady pressure difference between the ends. A large-Womersley-number large-Strouhal-number regime is considered, in which the oscillations of the wall are small in amplitude, but sufficiently rapid to ensure viscous effects are confined to a thin boundary layer. We derive asymptotic expressions for the flow fields and evaluate the energy budget. A general result for the conditions under which there is zero net energy transfer from the flow to the wall is provided. This is presented as a critical inverse Strouhal number (a dimensionless measure of the background flow rate) which is expressed only in terms of the tube geometry, the fluid properties and the profile of the prescribed wall oscillations. Our results identify an essential component of a fundamental mechanism for self-excited oscillations in three-dimensional collapsible tube flows, and enable us to assess how geometric and flow properties affect the stability of the system.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1120 , 1469-7645
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0022112009992904
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1472346-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 218334-1
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  • 2
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    The energetics of flow through a rapidly oscillating tube. Part 2. Application to an elliptical tube
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2010
    In:  Journal of Fluid Mechanics Vol. 648 ( 2010-04-10), p. 123-153
    Details
    In: Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 648 ( 2010-04-10), p. 123-153
    Abstract: In Part 1 of this work, we derived general asymptotic results for the three-dimensional flow field and energy fluxes for flow within a tube whose walls perform prescribed small-amplitude periodic oscillations of high frequency and large axial wavelength. In the current paper, we illustrate how these results can be applied to the case of flow through a finite-length axially non-uniform tube of elliptical cross-section – a model of flow in a Starling resistor. The results of numerical simulations for three model problems (an axially uniform tube under pressure–flux and pressure–pressure boundary conditions and an axially non-uniform tube with prescribed flux) with prescribed wall motion are compared with the theoretical predictions made in Part 1, each showing excellent agreement. When upstream and downstream pressures are prescribed, we show how the mean flux adjusts slowly under the action of Reynolds stresses using a multiple-scale analysis. We test the asymptotic expressions obtained for the mean energy transfer E from the flow to the wall over a period of the motion. In particular, the critical point at which E = 0 is predicted accurately: this point corresponds to energetically neutral oscillations, the condition which is relevant to the onset of global instability in the Starling resistor.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1120 , 1469-7645
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0022112009992916
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1472346-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 218334-1
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  • 3
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    Iron Deficiency Anemia Prevalence at First Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2012
    In:  Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques Vol. 39, No. 2 ( 2012-03), p. 189-195
    Details
    In: Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 39, No. 2 ( 2012-03), p. 189-195
    Abstract: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) has been implicated in the etiology of transient ischemic attack and ischemic stroke. This study aimed to: 1) document IDA prevalence in patients ≥ 65 years of age admitted to hospital with transient ischemic attack or first ischemic stroke, and 2) investigate dietary intake as a predictor of iron status. Methods: Ninety-four patients were enrolled. An algorithm containing values for hemoglobin, ferritin, total iron binding capacity, transferrin saturation, and serum transferrin receptor measured at admission was used to identify IDA. Usual dietary intake was assessed with the Clue II food frequency questionnaire. Results: Prevalence estimates were 6.4% for IDA, 2.1% for iron deficiency without anemia, and 6.4% for anemia from other causes. IDA prevalence was significantly higher than published National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (NHANES III) estimates for gender-specific age groups ≥ 70 years (One-Sample Proportion Test; males p = 0.038 [n= 37]; females p = 0.002 [n=44] ). A comparison of IDA prevalence against selected controls from the NHANES III database yielded an odds ratio (OR) of 6.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.8 to 53.7, which was not statistically significant (Fisher's Exact Test; n=94; p = 0.118). Multivariate linear regression analysis of dietary intake with indicators of iron status (n=58) revealed only iron supplements (p = 0.013) and heme iron intake (p = 0.038) as negative predictors of total iron binding capacity (p 〈 0.05). Conclusions: These findings support the initiation of a prospective case control study to investigate IDA as a risk factor for ischemic stroke in elderly patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0317-1671 , 2057-0155
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0317167100013214
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2577275-2
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  • 4
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    Universal Admission Screening for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a Level HID Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: The First 9 Months
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2011
    In:  Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology Vol. 32, No. 4 ( 2011-04), p. 398-400
    Details
    In: Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 32, No. 4 ( 2011-04), p. 398-400
    Abstract: In response to epidemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the community, the Illinois General Assembly mandated that all patients admitted to intensive care units statewide be screened for MRSA. Screening was instituted at our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in September 2007 by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based strategy. The law created an opportunity to determine the rate of MRSA colonization among neonates, to gather information about subsequent MRSA infections, and to evaluate risk factors for MRSA colonization on admission to the NICU.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0899-823X , 1559-6834
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1086/659153
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2106319-9
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  • 5
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    Persistent Environmental Contamination with USA300 Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Other Pathogenic Strain Types in Households with S. aureus Skin Infections
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2014
    In:  Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology Vol. 35, No. 11 ( 2014-11), p. 1373-1382
    Details
    In: Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 35, No. 11 ( 2014-11), p. 1373-1382
    Abstract: To understand the genotypic spectrum of environmental contamination of Staphylococcus aureus in households and its persistence Design. Prospective longitudinal cohort investigation. Setting. Index participants identified at 2 academic medical centers. Participants. Adults and children with S. aureus skin infections and their household contacts in Los Angeles and Chicago. Methods. Household fomites were surveyed for contamination at baseline and 3 months. All isolates underwent genetic typing. Results. We enrolled 346 households, 88% of which completed the 3-month follow-up visit. S. aureus environmental contamination was 49% at baseline and 51% at 3 months. Among households with a USA300 methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) body infection isolate, environmental contamination with an indistinguishable MRSA strain was 58% at baseline and 63% at 3 months. Baseline factors associated with environmental contamination by the index subject’s infection isolate were body colonization by any household member with the index subject’s infection isolate at baseline (odds ratio [OR], 10.93 [95% confidence interval (CI), 5.75–20.79] ), higher housing density (OR, 1.47 [95% CI, 1.10–1.96]), and more frequent household fomite cleaning (OR, 1.62 [95% CI, 1.16–2.27] ). Household environmental contamination with the index subject’s infection strain at 3 months was associated with USA300 MRSA and a synergistic interaction between baseline environmental contamination and body colonization by any household member with the index subject’s infection strain. Conclusions. We found that infecting S. aureus isolates frequently persisted environmentally in households 3 months after skin infection. Presence of pathogenic S. aureus strain type in the environment in a household may represent a persistent reservoir that places household members at risk of future infection. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;35(11):1373–1382
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0899-823X , 1559-6834
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1086/678414
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2106319-9
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  • 6
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    Good is not Good Enough: The Benchmark Stroke Door-to-Needle Time Should be 30 Minutes
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2014
    In:  Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques Vol. 41, No. 6 ( 2014-11), p. 694-696
    Details
    In: Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 41, No. 6 ( 2014-11), p. 694-696
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0317-1671 , 2057-0155
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/cjn.2014.41
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2577275-2
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  • 7
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    Validating Contingent Valuation with Surveys of Experts
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 1995
    In:  Agricultural and Resource Economics Review Vol. 24, No. 2 ( 1995-10), p. 247-254
    Details
    In: Agricultural and Resource Economics Review, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 24, No. 2 ( 1995-10), p. 247-254
    Abstract: Contingent-valuation estimates for white-water boating passengers are compared with Likert ratings by river guides. The approach involves asking whether passengers and their guides ordinally rank alternative flows the same. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Contingent Valuation Panel (1993) suggested “one might want to compare its (contingent-valuation's) outcome with that provided by a panel of experts.” River guides constitute a counterfactual panel of “experts.” For commercial trips, optimum flows are 34,000 cfs and 31,000 cfs for passengers and guides, and the comparable figures for private trips are 28,000 cfs and 29,000 cfs. In the NOAA Panel framework, passengers can evaluate the consequences of various river flows and translate this into contingent-valuation responses.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1068-2805 , 2372-2614
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S1068280500008893
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 1995
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2124969-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2887709-3
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  • 8
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    Evidence for Halo Microlensing from a Survey of M31
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2004
    In:  Symposium - International Astronomical Union Vol. 220 ( 2004), p. 121-126
    Details
    In: Symposium - International Astronomical Union, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 220 ( 2004), p. 121-126
    Abstract: We report on the final microlensing result from one survey (VATT/Columbia) monitoring stars in M31, and the initial results of a larger study (MEGA), which together seem to indicate the presence of a microlensing halo component comprising a significant fraction of the dark matter in M31.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0074-1809
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S007418090018297X
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2004
    SSG: 16,12
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Persistent Environmental Contamination with USA300 Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Other Pathogenic Strain Types in Households with S. aureus Skin Infections
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2014
    In:  Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology Vol. 35, No. 11 ( 2014-11), p. 1373-1382
    Details
    In: Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 35, No. 11 ( 2014-11), p. 1373-1382
    Abstract: To understand the genotypic spectrum of environmental contamination of Staphylococcus aureus in households and its persistence Design. Prospective longitudinal cohort investigation. Setting. Index participants identified at 2 academic medical centers. Participants. Adults and children with S. aureus skin infections and their household contacts in Los Angeles and Chicago. Methods. Household fomites were surveyed for contamination at baseline and 3 months. All isolates underwent genetic typing. Results. We enrolled 346 households, 88% of which completed the 3-month follow-up visit. S. aureus environmental contamination was 49% at baseline and 51% at 3 months. Among households with a USA300 methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) body infection isolate, environmental contamination with an indistinguishable MRSA strain was 58% at baseline and 63% at 3 months. Baseline factors associated with environmental contamination by the index subject’s infection isolate were body colonization by any household member with the index subject’s infection isolate at baseline (odds ratio [OR], 10.93 [95% confidence interval (CI), 5.75–20.79] ), higher housing density (OR, 1.47 [95% CI, 1.10–1.96]), and more frequent household fomite cleaning (OR, 1.62 [95% CI, 1.16–2.27] ). Household environmental contamination with the index subject’s infection strain at 3 months was associated with USA300 MRSA and a synergistic interaction between baseline environmental contamination and body colonization by any household member with the index subject’s infection strain. Conclusions. We found that infecting S. aureus isolates frequently persisted environmentally in households 3 months after skin infection. Presence of pathogenic S. aureus strain type in the environment in a household may represent a persistent reservoir that places household members at risk of future infection. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;35(11):1373–1382
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0899-823X , 1559-6834
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1086/651678
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2106319-9
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