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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Protection from late life depression
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2010
    In:  International Psychogeriatrics Vol. 22, No. 2 ( 2010-03), p. 171-173
    Details
    In: International Psychogeriatrics, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 22, No. 2 ( 2010-03), p. 171-173
    Abstract: The frequency of late life depression is estimated to be low relative to the frequency in young adulthood and middle age, as documented in many community-based epidemiological studies from Western populations. We first reported such a low-frequency in 1980 (though we did not compare the frequency of late life depression with that earlier in life) (Blazer and Williams, 1980). Since that time, many community-based studies have documented this lower frequency (Blazer et al ., 1994; Kessler et al ., 2003; Hasin et al ., 2005). Yet a review of the origins of late life depression at first glance may suggest that older persons are at significant increased risk compared to adults in young adulthood and mid-life (Blazer, 2003; Blazer and Hybels, 2005).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1041-6102 , 1741-203X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S1041610209990895
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2147136-8
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    Age differences in trajectories of depressive, anxiety, and burnout symptoms in a population with a high likelihood of persistent occupational distress
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2022
    In:  International Psychogeriatrics Vol. 34, No. 1 ( 2022-01), p. 21-32
    Details
    In: International Psychogeriatrics, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 34, No. 1 ( 2022-01), p. 21-32
    Abstract: Work in occupations with higher levels of occupational stress can bring mental health costs. Many older adults worldwide are continuing to work past traditional retirement age, raising the question whether older adults experience depression, anxiety, or burnout at the same or greater levels as younger workers, and whether there are differences by age in these levels over time. Design/setting/participants: Longitudinal survey of 1161 currently employed US clergy followed every 6–12 months for up to 66 months. Measurements: Depression was measured with the 8-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8). Anxiety was measured using the anxiety component of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Burnout symptoms were assessed using the three components of the Maslach Burnout Inventory: emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and sense of personal accomplishment (PA). Results: Older participants had lower scores of depression, anxiety, EE, and DP and higher levels of PA over time compared to younger adults. Levels of EE decreased for older working adults, while not significantly changing over time for those younger. DP symptoms decreased over time among those 55 years or older but increased among those 25–54 years. Conclusions: Older working adults may have higher levels of resilience and be able to balance personal life with their occupation as well as may engage in certain behaviors that increase social support and, for clergy, spiritual well-being that may decrease stress in a way that allows these older adults to appear to tolerate working longer without poorer mental health outcomes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1041-6102 , 1741-203X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S1041610220001751
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Origins of depression in later life
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2005
    In:  Psychological Medicine Vol. 35, No. 9 ( 2005-09), p. 1241-1252
    Details
    In: Psychological Medicine, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 35, No. 9 ( 2005-09), p. 1241-1252
    Abstract: Background. Despite the burden of depression in late life, its origins present a paradox to investigators and clinicians alike. Method. We review biological (genetics and heredity factors, neurotransmitter dysfunction, endocrine changes, vascular disorders, and medical co-morbidities), psychological (personality attributes, neuroticism, cognitive distortions, and the lack of emotional control and self-efficacy) and social (stressful life events, bereavement, chronic stress or strain, socio-economic disadvantage and impaired social support) origins of late-life depression based upon an extensive though not exhaustive review of the extant literature. In addition, modifying psychological and social factors are discussed. Results. Older adults appear to be at greater risk for major depression biologically, such as depression resulting from vascular changes, yet the frequency of depression is lower compared to younger adults. Older adults may be protected psychologically due to factors such as socio-emotional selectivity and wisdom, compared to younger adults, and perhaps relatively protected from social risks. Conclusions. A biopsychosocial approach to evaluating the origins of late-life depression is heuristically valuable, a continual reminder of the many factors that contribute to the onset and persistence of clinically significant symptoms in late life.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0033-2917 , 1469-8978
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0033291705004411
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2005
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1470300-2
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Affective disorders in five United States communities
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 1988
    In:  Psychological Medicine Vol. 18, No. 1 ( 1988-02), p. 141-153
    Details
    In: Psychological Medicine, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 18, No. 1 ( 1988-02), p. 141-153
    Abstract: Results on the age/sex specific prevalence of DSM-III affective disorders from the NIMH Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study (ECA), a probability sample of over 18000 adults from five United States communities, are presented. The cross-site means for bipolar disorder ranged from 0·7/100 (2 weeks) to 1–2/100 (lifetime), with a mean age of onset of 21 years and no sex difference in rates. The cross-site means for major depression ranged from 1·5/100 (2 weeks) to 4·4/ 100 (lifetime), with a mean age of onset of 27 years and higher rates in women. The cross-site means for dysthymia, a chronic condition, was 3·1/100 with a higher rate in women. There was reasonable consistency in prevalence rates among sites. The implications of these findings for understanding psychopathology are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0033-2917 , 1469-8978
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0033291700001975
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 1988
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1470300-2
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Heterogeneity in symptom profiles among older adults diagnosed with major depression
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2011
    In:  International Psychogeriatrics Vol. 23, No. 6 ( 2011-08), p. 906-922
    Details
    In: International Psychogeriatrics, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 23, No. 6 ( 2011-08), p. 906-922
    Abstract: Background: Late-life depression may be undiagnosed due to symptom expression. These analyses explore the structure of depressive symptoms in older patients diagnosed with major depression by identifying clusters of patients based on their symptom profiles. Methods: The sample comprised 366 patients enrolled in a naturalistic treatment study. Symptom profiles were defined using responses to the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) and the depression section of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) administered at enrollment. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to place patients into homogeneous clusters. As a final step, we identified a risk profile from representative items across instruments selected through variable reduction techniques. Results: A model with four discrete clusters provided the best fit to the data for the CES-D and the DIS depression module, while three clusters best fit the HAM-D. Using LCA to identify clusters of patients based on their endorsement of seventeen representative symptoms, we found three clusters of patients differing in ways other than severity. Age, sex, education, marital status, age of onset, functional limitations, level of perceived stress and subjective social support were differentially distributed across clusters. Conclusions: We found considerable heterogeneity in symptom profiles among older adults with an index episode of major depression. Clinical indicators such as depression history may play less of a role differentiating clusters of patients than variables such as stress, social support, and functional limitations. These findings can help conceptualize depression and potentially reduce misdiagnosis for this age group.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1041-6102 , 1741-203X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S1041610210002346
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2011
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Advancing our diagnostic tools and treatment options for delirium
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2018
    In:  International Psychogeriatrics Vol. 30, No. 4 ( 2018-04), p. 447-449
    Details
    In: International Psychogeriatrics, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 30, No. 4 ( 2018-04), p. 447-449
    Abstract: Delirium is one of the most prevalent and disabling conditions impacting older adults in hospitals and long-term care settings. The estimates of frequency of delirium in hospitals and nursing homes among older adults range widely, yet it is safe to assume that perhaps as many as 25–30% of elderly individuals in hospitals experience an episode of delirium, often undetected unless a regular screening process is implemented. Until the past couple of decades, actual research into delirium had been sparse and done little to inform clinical practice. Engel and Romano (1959) published a classic review nearly 60 years ago, which served for decades as the foundational article for understanding delirium. In recent years, however, our understanding of delirium has increased dramatically, from the basic neuropathological underpinnings through screening and diagnosis to treatment. In this issue of International Psychogeriatrics , five papers are published, which further expand our knowledge of delirium. The papers cover a range of topics including the frequency of delirium in a primary care setting, outcomes predicted by various diagnostic systems, cognitive function measures as they relate to delirium motor subtypes, screening for delirium using a standardized drug screen, and the effectiveness of multimodal interventions for preventing delirium in older hip fracture patients. What are the take home lessons from these studies?
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1041-6102 , 1741-203X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S1041610218000601
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2018
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Mood Disorders in Later Life, 2nd edn. Edited by J. M. Ellison, H. H. Kyomen and S. Verma. (Pp. 368; $199.95; ISBN 9781420053296.) Informa Healthcare, USA, Inc.: New York. 2008.
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2009
    In:  Psychological Medicine Vol. 39, No. 07 ( 2009-7), p. 1222-
    Details
    In: Psychological Medicine, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 39, No. 07 ( 2009-7), p. 1222-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0033-2917 , 1469-8978
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S003329170900587X
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1470300-2
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Hearing loss and psychiatric disorders: a review
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2019
    In:  Psychological Medicine Vol. 49, No. 6 ( 2019-04), p. 891-897
    Details
    In: Psychological Medicine, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 49, No. 6 ( 2019-04), p. 891-897
    Abstract: Hearing loss is one of the most common yet unrecognized impairments experienced by adults, especially as they age. Mental health investigators and practitioners require better understanding of hearing loss, its association with psychiatric disorders, and the treatment of these disorders in the presence of hearing loss as well as the treatment of hearing loss itself. In this review, the authors briefly explore the global burden of hearing loss. Next we provide an overview of the extant literature on hearing loss associated with cognitive impairment, depression, anxiety disorders, psychoses, and quality of life with attention focused on the strength of the association, possible mechanisms explaining the association, data on treatment options specific to these disorders, and future research opportunities for these disorders. Current approaches to the treatment of hearing loss are presented, including hearing aids, rehabilitation including psychotherapies, surgical procedures (specifically cochlear implants), and induction loops connected to telecoils. Finally, cutting edge research into the pathophysiology and potential biological treatments of hearing loss is described.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0033-2917 , 1469-8978
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0033291718003409
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1470300-2
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Systematic review of the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions to improve quality of life of people with dementia
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2012
    In:  International Psychogeriatrics Vol. 24, No. 6 ( 2012-06), p. 856-870
    Details
    In: International Psychogeriatrics, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 24, No. 6 ( 2012-06), p. 856-870
    Abstract: Background: People with dementia report lower quality of life, but we know little about what interventions might improve it. Methods: We systematically reviewed 20 randomized controlled trials reporting the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions in improving quality of life or well-being of people with dementia meeting predetermined criteria. We rated study validity with a checklist. We contacted authors for additional data. We calculated standardized mean differences (SMD) and, for studies reporting similar interventions, pooled standardized effect sizes (SES). Results: Pooled analyses found that family carer coping strategy-based interventions (four studies, which did not individually achieve significance; n = 420; SES 0.24 (range 0.03–0.45)) and combined patient activity and family carer coping interventions (two studies, not individually significant; n = 191; SES 0.84 (range 0.54–1.14)) might improve quality of life. In one high-quality study, a care management system improved quality of life of people with dementia living at home. Group Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (GCST) improved quality of life of people with dementia in care homes. Conclusion: Preliminary evidence indicated that coping strategy-based family carer therapy with or without a patient activity intervention improved quality of life of people with dementia living at home. GCST was the only effective intervention in a higher quality trial for those in care homes, but we did not find such evidence in the community. Few studies explored whether effects continued after the intervention stopped. Future research should explore the longer-term impact of interventions on, and devise strategies to increase, life quality of people with dementia living in care homes or at home without a family carer.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1041-6102 , 1741-203X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S1041610211002614
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2012
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