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  • Cambridge University Press (CUP)  (11)
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  • Cambridge University Press (CUP)  (11)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effect of sward surface height on herbage intake and performance of lactating ewes lambed in winter and continuously stocked on pasture
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 1994
    In:  The Journal of Agricultural Science Vol. 122, No. 3 ( 1994-06), p. 471-482
    Details
    In: The Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 122, No. 3 ( 1994-06), p. 471-482
    Abstract: Thirty-six 4-year-old Border Leicester × Romney (BR), Poll Dorset × BR (PBR) and Suffolk × BR (SBR) ewes balanced for litter size were assigned, 6 days after the mid-point of lambing (29 June 1989), to one of three sward surface height (SSH) treatments replicated twice (six ewes/1 ha paddock). The mean SSH during the 54 days of the trial were 2·6, 4·4 and 7·8 cm. Herbage organic matter intake (OMI) was measured using intraruminal chromium controlled release capsules during weeks 3, 4, 7 and 8 of lactation. Ewe OMI was not influenced by SSH during week 3 of lactation. During weeks 4 and 7 of lactation, ewe OMI increased with SSH up to a SSH of 7·8 cm. In week 8 of lactation there was no significant difference in OMI between ewes grazing the 4·4 or 7·8 cm SSH treatments, suggesting maximum intake at this stage of lactation is reached at 4·4 cm SSH. A maximum OMI of 2·6±0·1 and 3·0±0·1 kg OM/ewe per day ( P 〈 0·05) was reached in week 4 of lactation on the 4·4and 7·8 cm SSH treatments, respectively. Ewes grazing the 2·6 cm swards had a relatively constant OMI throughout the experiment (range 1·8±0·1 to 2·0±0·1 kg OM/ewe per day). However, these ewes lost 10·5 kg of liveweight while those on the 4·4 and 7·8 cm SSH treatments maintained a constant liveweight. Sward surface height had no effect on ewe midside wool growth rate or mean fibre diameter (measured at day 60 of lactation) or on lamb liveweight gain. Ewe breed cross had no effect on ewe OMI or midside wool growth. Lambs reared by SBR ewes were heavier (20·4±0·5 kg) at day 60 of lactation than lambs reared by PBR (18·7±0·6 kg) or BR (18·4±0·6 kg) ewes ( P 〈 0·05). These results suggest that for Winter(June)-lambing ewes in good condition a SSH of 4·0 cm under continuous stocking should ensure near to maximum ewe and lamb performance. However, ewes in good body condition at lambing stocked on a SSH down to 3 cm will rear lambs to acceptable weaning weights but at the expense of ewe liveweight loss and possible long-term carry-over effects on future productionif compensatory weight gains are not achieved during the spring pasture growth period.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8596 , 1469-5146
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0021859600067411
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 1994
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498349-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 410290-3
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Neutron Star Extreme Matter Observatory: A kilohertz-band gravitational-wave detector in the global network
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2020
    In:  Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia Vol. 37 ( 2020)
    Details
    In: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 37 ( 2020)
    Abstract: Gravitational waves from coalescing neutron stars encode information about nuclear matter at extreme densities, inaccessible by laboratory experiments. The late inspiral is influenced by the presence of tides, which depend on the neutron star equation of state. Neutron star mergers are expected to often produce rapidly rotating remnant neutron stars that emit gravitational waves. These will provide clues to the extremely hot post-merger environment. This signature of nuclear matter in gravitational waves contains most information in the 2–4 kHz frequency band, which is outside of the most sensitive band of current detectors. We present the design concept and science case for a Neutron Star Extreme Matter Observatory (NEMO): a gravitational-wave interferometer optimised to study nuclear physics with merging neutron stars. The concept uses high-circulating laser power, quantum squeezing, and a detector topology specifically designed to achieve the high-frequency sensitivity necessary to probe nuclear matter using gravitational waves. Above 1 kHz, the proposed strain sensitivity is comparable to full third-generation detectors at a fraction of the cost. Such sensitivity changes expected event rates for detection of post-merger remnants from approximately one per few decades with two A+ detectors to a few per year and potentially allow for the first gravitational-wave observations of supernovae, isolated neutron stars, and other exotica.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1323-3580 , 1448-6083
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/pasa.2020.39
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1282069-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2079225-6
    SSG: 16,12
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Learning from other people's fear: amygdala-based social reference learning in social anxiety disorder
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2016
    In:  Psychological Medicine Vol. 46, No. 14 ( 2016-10), p. 2943-2953
    Details
    In: Psychological Medicine, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 46, No. 14 ( 2016-10), p. 2943-2953
    Abstract: Social anxiety disorder involves fear of social objects or situations. Social referencing may play an important role in the acquisition of this fear and could be a key determinant in future biomarkers and treatment pathways. However, the neural underpinnings mediating such learning in social anxiety are unknown. Using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging, we examined social reference learning in social anxiety disorder. Specifically, would patients with the disorder show increased amygdala activity during social reference learning, and further, following social reference learning, show particularly increased response to objects associated with other people's negative reactions? Method A total of 32 unmedicated patients with social anxiety disorder and 22 age-, intelligence quotient- and gender-matched healthy individuals responded to objects that had become associated with others’ fearful, angry, happy or neutral reactions. Results During the social reference learning phase, a significant group × social context interaction revealed that, relative to the comparison group, the social anxiety group showed a significantly greater response in the amygdala, as well as rostral, dorsomedial and lateral frontal and parietal cortices during the social, relative to non-social, referencing trials. In addition, during the object test phase, relative to the comparison group, the social anxiety group showed increased bilateral amygdala activation to objects associated with others’ fearful reactions, and a trend towards decreased amygdala activation to objects associated with others’ happy and neutral reactions. Conclusions These results suggest perturbed observational learning in social anxiety disorder. In addition, they further implicate the amygdala and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex in the disorder, and underscore their importance in future biomarker developments.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0033-2917 , 1469-8978
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0033291716001537
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1470300-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 217420-0
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Stimulus-reinforcement-based decision making and anxiety: impairment in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) but not in generalized social phobia (GSP)
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2009
    In:  Psychological Medicine Vol. 39, No. 07 ( 2009-7), p. 1153-
    Details
    In: Psychological Medicine, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 39, No. 07 ( 2009-7), p. 1153-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0033-2917 , 1469-8978
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S003329170800487X
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1470300-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 217420-0
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Relationships between early postnatal growth and metabolic function of 16-month-old female offspring born to ewes exposed to different environments during pregnancy
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2010
    In:  Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease Vol. 1, No. 1 ( 2010-02), p. 50-59
    Details
    In: Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 1, No. 1 ( 2010-02), p. 50-59
    Abstract: It was hypothesized that exposure of the fetus to adverse conditions in utero due to either maternal constraint or nutrition may result in developmental adaptations altering metabolism and postnatal growth of the offspring. Heavy (H) and light (L) Romney dams (G 0 ) were allocated to ad libitum (A) or maintenance (M) nutritional regimens, from day 21–day 140 of pregnancy. Female twin-born offspring (G 1 ) born to the dams in the four treatment groups will be referred to as HA-ewes, LA-ewes, HM-ewes and LM-ewes. At 16 months of age, offspring were catheterized and given intravenous insulin tolerance test (ITT), glucose tolerance test (GTT) and epinephrine tolerance test challenges to assess their glucose and fat metabolism in relation to their birth weight and postnatal growth. In HA-ewes, the regression coefficients of growth rates prior to puberty on insulin and glucose curves in response to GTT (InsAUC GTT ) and ITT (GluAUC ITT ), respectively, were different from 0 ( P 〈 0.05) and were different from the regression coefficients of HM-ewes. This may indicate that HA-ewes may have showed puberty-related insulin resistance at 16 months of age with increasing growth rates prior to puberty compared to HM- or LM-ewes. In HM-ewes, the regression coefficients of growth rates after puberty on InsAUC GTT and GluAUC ITT were different from 0 ( P 〈 0.05) and were different from those of HA-ewes. These results may indicate that offspring born to heavy dams fed maintenance during pregnancy and with greater postnatal growth rates after puberty could develop glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in later life.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2040-1744 , 2040-1752
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S2040174409990201
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2554780-X
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Neuropsychological Profile of Parkin Mutation Carriers with and without Parkinson Disease: The CORE-PD Study
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2011
    In:  Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society Vol. 17, No. 01 ( 2011-1), p. 91-100
    Details
    In: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 17, No. 01 ( 2011-1), p. 91-100
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1355-6177 , 1469-7661
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S1355617710001190
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1230632-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2000018-2
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Longitudinal changes in body composition associated with healthy ageing: men, aged 20–96 years
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2012
    In:  British Journal of Nutrition Vol. 107, No. 7 ( 2012-04-14), p. 1085-1091
    Details
    In: British Journal of Nutrition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 107, No. 7 ( 2012-04-14), p. 1085-1091
    Abstract: Obesity and sarcopenia are health problems associated with ageing. The present study modelled the longitudinal changes in body composition of healthy men, aged from 20 to 96 years, and evaluated the fidelity of BMI to identify age-dependent changes in fat mass and fat-free mass. The data from 7265 men with multiple body composition determinations (total observations 38 328) were used to model the age-related changes in body mass, fat mass, fat-free mass, BMI and percentage of body fat. Changes in fat mass and fat-free mass were used to evaluate the fidelity of BMI and to detect body composition changes with ageing. Linear mixed regression models showed that all trajectories of body composition with healthy ageing were quadratic. Fat mass, BMI and percentage of body fat increased from age 20 years and levelled off at approximately 80 years. Fat-free mass increased slightly from age 20 to 47 years and then declined at a non-linear rate with ageing. Levels of aerobic exercise had a positive influence on fat mass and a slight negative effect on fat-free mass. BMI and percentage of body fat were sensitive in detecting the increase in fat mass that occurred with healthy ageing, but failed to identify the loss of fat-free mass that started at age 47 years.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-1145 , 1475-2662
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0007114511003886
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 280396-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016047-1
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 21
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of ewe size and nutrition during pregnancy on performance of 2-year-old female offspring
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2010
    In:  The Journal of Agricultural Science Vol. 148, No. 4 ( 2010-08), p. 465-475
    Details
    In: The Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 148, No. 4 ( 2010-08), p. 465-475
    Abstract: The current study investigated the effects of dam weight and nutrition during gestation on the reproductive performance of female primiparous offspring at 2 years of age. Four hundred and fifty heavy (H) (mean± s.e.m .: 60·8 kg±0·18) and 450 light (L) (42·5 kg±0·17) dams were randomly allocated to ad libitum (A) or maintenance (M) nutritional regimens from day 21 until day 140 of pregnancy, under pastoral grazing conditions. One week prior to lambing, all dams and their lambs were provided with ad libitum feeding through to weaning. After weaning, female progeny were managed and fed to requirements as one group. At 2 years of age, the oestrous cycles of the female offspring ( n =207) were synchronized and the offspring were naturally mated. Ewes were scanned for pregnancy by ultrasound at day 70 of pregnancy. Within 24 h of birth, lambs were weighed and body dimensions were measured. Lambs were also weighed at day 24 (L24) and weaning. No effects of dam nutrition or dam weight were found ( P 〉 0·10) on the reproductive performance of the ewe offspring. Lambs of M-grand-dams were heavier at birth ( P =0·024) and weaning ( P =0·031) than lambs of A-grand-dams. Twin lambs of H-grand-dams were heavier at birth ( P =0·014) than twin lambs of L-grand-dams; however, grand-dam weight had no effect ( P 〉 0·10) on lamb weaning weight. In summary, dam weight had no effect on reproductive performance of the female offspring, with only a minor effect on the weight of grand-offspring. Thus, being born to a larger dam has no advantages over being born to a smaller dam, in terms of number of lambs born and weight of lambs at birth and weaning. Grand-dam maintenance nutrition had no effect on reproductive performance although it increased lamb birth and weaning weight and lamb growth rates of the grand-offspring. Therefore, this indicates that ewes born to dams fed at maintenance during pregnancy have an advantage over A-ewes in physiological stressful situations including pregnancy or lactation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8596 , 1469-5146
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0021859610000274
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498349-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 410290-3
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  • 9
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    The Schistosomiasis Control Initiative (SCI): rationale, development and implementation from 2002–2008
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2009
    In:  Parasitology Vol. 136, No. 13 ( 2009-11), p. 1719-1730
    Details
    In: Parasitology, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 136, No. 13 ( 2009-11), p. 1719-1730
    Abstract: Schistosomiasis remains one of the most prevalent parasitic diseases in developing countries. After malaria, schistosomiasis is the most important tropical disease in terms of human morbidity with significant economic and public health consequences. Although schistosomiasis has recently attracted increased focus and funding for control, it has been estimated that less than 20% of the funding needed to control the disease in Africa is currently available. In this article the following issues are discussed: the rationale, development and objectives of the Schistosomiasis Control Initiative (SCI)-supported programmes; the management approaches followed to achieve implementation by each country; mapping, monitoring and evaluation activities with quantifiable impact of control programmes; monitoring for any potential drug resistance; and finally exit strategies within each country. The results have demonstrated that morbidity due to schistosomiasis has been reduced by the control programmes. While challenges remain, the case for the control of schistosomiasis has been strengthened by research by SCI teams and the principle that a national programme using ‘preventive chemotherapy’ can be successfully implemented in sub-Saharan Africa, whenever the resources are available. SCI and partners are now actively striving to raise further funds to expand the coverage of integrated control of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) in sub-Saharan Africa.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0031-1820 , 1469-8161
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0031182009990400
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1491287-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 207627-5
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
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    Complete mitochondrial genomes confirm the distinctiveness of the horse-dog and sheep-dog strains of Echinococcus granulosus
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2002
    In:  Parasitology Vol. 124, No. 1 ( 2002-01), p. 97-112
    Details
    In: Parasitology, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 124, No. 1 ( 2002-01), p. 97-112
    Abstract: Unlike other members of the genus, Echinococcus granulosus is known to exhibit considerable levels of variation in biology, physiology and molecular genetics. Indeed, some of the taxa regarded as ‘genotypes’ within E. granulosus might be sufficiently distinct as to merit specific status. Here, complete mitochondrial genomes are presented of 2 genotypes of E. granulosus (G1–sheep-dog strain: G4–horse-dog strain) and of another taeniid cestode, Taenia crassiceps . These genomes are characterized and compared with those of Echinococcus multilocularis and Hymenolepis diminuta . Genomes of all the species are very similar in structure, length and base-composition. Pairwise comparisons of concatenated protein-coding genes indicate that the G1 and G4 genotypes of E. granulosus are almost as distant from each other as each is from a distinct species, E. multilocularis . Sequences for the variable genes atp6 and nad3 were obtained from additional genotypes of E. granulosus , from E. vogeli and E. oligarthrus . Again, pairwise comparisons showed the distinctiveness of the G1 and G4 genotypes. Phylogenetic analyses of concatenated atp6 , nad1 (partial) and cox1 (partial) genes from E. multilocularis , E. vogeli , E. oligarthrus , 5 genotypes of E. granulosus , and using T. crassiceps as an outgroup, yielded the same results. We conclude that the sheep-dog and horse-dog strains of E. granulosus should be regarded as distinct at the specific level.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0031-1820 , 1469-8161
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0031182001008976
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2002
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1491287-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 207627-5
    SSG: 12
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