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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    An Irish perennial ryegrass genetic resource collection clearly divides into two major gene pools
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2017
    In:  Plant Genetic Resources Vol. 15, No. 3 ( 2017-06), p. 269-278
    Details
    In: Plant Genetic Resources, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 15, No. 3 ( 2017-06), p. 269-278
    Abstract: This study assessed the genetic diversity in 928 individuals from 40 diploid populations of Lolium perenne using nuclear simple sequence repeat markers, including 22 accessions of Irish ecotypes, seven European ecotypes and 11 released varieties. High levels of allelic and genetic diversity were determined, with intra-population variation accounting for the majority of the variation. The majority of the accessions deviated from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and had relatively high inbreeding coefficients. Two major gene pools of ecotypic accessions were defined by unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) and PCA analyses. One of these two gene pools accounted for two-thirds of the ecotypes and included most of the current Irish and Northern Irish breeding materials and about half of the European ecotypes included in this study; these European ecotypes performed well under Irish selection conditions. Population structure and differentiation analyses using Structure analysis and analysis of molecular variance confirmed the results found in the UPGMA and PCA analyses. These results will be useful for breeders who wish to exploit specific pools from ecotype collections.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1479-2621 , 1479-263X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S1479262115000611
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2180556-8
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Methodology for experimental and observational animal studies in cow-calf contact systems
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Dairy Research Vol. 87, No. S1 ( 2020-08), p. 115-121
    Details
    In: Journal of Dairy Research, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 87, No. S1 ( 2020-08), p. 115-121
    Abstract: In this Research Reflection we describe a common standpoint on suitable methodology for controlled and observational studies in cow-calf contact systems in dairy production. Different methods to assess behaviour, health and production in cow-calf contact systems are outlined. Knowledge and experience from researchers working in this field supplement scientific literature whenever relevant. Specific methods including study design, early behaviour of cow and calf, social behaviour relevant to cow-calf contact systems, human-animal relationships and aspects related to management (milking, weaning and separation, health) are reviewed, and recommendations formed. We expect that this paper can contribute to a better understanding of the complexity of cow-calf contact systems and help to advance research in this area of dairy production.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-0299 , 1469-7629
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0022029920000552
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2000010-8
    SSG: 22
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Play and social behaviour of calves with or without access to their dam and other cows
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Dairy Research Vol. 87, No. S1 ( 2020-08), p. 144-147
    Details
    In: Journal of Dairy Research, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 87, No. S1 ( 2020-08), p. 144-147
    Abstract: The aim of the study reported in this Research Communication was to compare play behaviour and social interactions of dairy calves either separated from their mother and reared in a calf group ( Artificial ) or with access to their mother and the cow herd (cow-calf contact: Contact ). Contact calves had access to a calf area and also to the cow barn where they could suckle their dam. Artificial calves were fed whole milk up to 16 kg per day via an automatic milk feeder and were only kept in the calf area. We observed the animals on 3 d during the first three months of life. Contact calves showed solitary play, consisting predominantly of locomotor play, for longer than Artificial calves and mainly in the cow barn. This indicates higher welfare in Contact calves. In addition, Artificial calves hardly experienced any agonistic interaction, while Contact calves both initiated and received agonistic interactions, which might contribute to the development of higher social competence.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-0299 , 1469-7629
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0022029920000540
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2000010-8
    SSG: 22
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Methodological terminology and definitions for research and discussion of cow-calf contact systems
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Dairy Research Vol. 87, No. S1 ( 2020-08), p. 108-114
    Details
    In: Journal of Dairy Research, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 87, No. S1 ( 2020-08), p. 108-114
    Abstract: Due to increasing public concern regarding separation of the dairy cow and calf within the first days after birth, alternative systems, where cows and calves stay in contact for an extended period, are receiving increasing interest from a broad array of researchers and other stakeholders. With more research in the area, there is a risk of inconsistencies emerging in the use of terminology. To create a better consensus in further discussions, the aim of this Research Reflection is to provide definitions and propose a common terminology for cow-calf contact in dairy production. We also suggest definitions for various systems allowing cow-calf contact and describe the distinct phases of cow-calf contact systems.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-0299 , 1469-7629
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0022029920000564
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2000010-8
    SSG: 22
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Seasonal and genetic variations in water-soluble carbohydrates and other quality traits in ecotypes and cultivars of perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.)
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2014
    In:  Plant Genetic Resources Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2014-08), p. 236-247
    Details
    In: Plant Genetic Resources, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2014-08), p. 236-247
    Abstract: Phenotyping of genetic resources remains the bottleneck in the characterization of genetic resources, since the advent of modern next-generation sequencing technologies has made genotyping much more cost- and time-effective. This article reports on the phenotyping of agriculturally important traits in perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne ). In the present study, water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC), crude protein and dry matter contents were recorded for 1320 individuals, pooled into 132 samples from 33 perennial ryegrass ecotypes and cultivars at five different harvest time points across the 2004 growing season. While, in general, the cultivars had higher WSC contents than the ecotypes, individual ecotypes did show potential to be used in breeding programmes, as they had higher values than all other accessions at particular cutting time points. In correlation analyses, positive relationships were observed between dry matter and glucose contents both early and late in the growing season. Principal components analysis allowed the split either between cultivars and ecotypes or between tetraploid cultivars and the rest of the accessions at four of the five cutting time points. In the analysis of variance, cutting time was the most significant factor influencing the variation in traits.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1479-2621 , 1479-263X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S1479262113000567
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2180556-8
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Short- and long-term effects of rearing dairy calves with contact to their mother on their reactions towards humans
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Dairy Research Vol. 87, No. S1 ( 2020-08), p. 148-153
    Details
    In: Journal of Dairy Research, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 87, No. S1 ( 2020-08), p. 148-153
    Abstract: In this Research Communication we address the hypotheses that reduced contact with humans during the first week of life would impair the relationship of dairy calves reared in dam-calf-contact systems to humans in comparison with artificially reared animals, but that this difference would vanish over time. Artificially reared calves ( Artificial) that had been separated from their mother within 12 h after birth were bottle-fed with colostrum for 5 d and thereafter sucked milk from an automatic milk feeder. Animals reared with dam-calf contact ( Dam-contact ) were kept in the calving pen with their dam for 5 d, and then had permanent access to the cow barn and thus to their dam. Calves were weaned at an age of 12 weeks and kept in young stock groups mixed of both treatments until integration into the cow herd. We tested the animals’ relationship with humans by assessing the animals' responses towards an unfamiliar person in an avoidance distance (AD) test in the home environment at 4 weeks of age, at 15 months and at 33 months. In calves, we additionally measured AD in a novel arena after a stationary person test. Artificial animals had lower AD, i.e. showed lower level of fear, than Dam-contact calves. However, the AD in Dam-contact calves decreased with increasing number of days they experienced assistance for suckling. Further, there was no significant difference in later ages. In conclusion, gentle human contact in combination with feeding during the first 5 d of life improved calves' relationship to humans leading to differences between the two treatments as well as within the Dam-contact calves. Potential effects under different conditions regarding quantity and quality of human-animal interactions need further research.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-0299 , 1469-7629
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0022029920000576
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2000010-8
    SSG: 22
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