GLORIA

GEOMAR Library Ocean Research Information Access

X
Your search history is empty.

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Protein utilization, growth and survival in essential-fatty-acid-deficient rats
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 1996
    In:  British Journal of Nutrition Vol. 75, No. 2 ( 1996-02), p. 237-248
    Details
    In: British Journal of Nutrition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 75, No. 2 ( 1996-02), p. 237-248
    Abstract: The relationship between essential fatty acids (EFA) deficiency and the utilization of dietary protein, growth rate and survival of offspring was investigated in rats during development and reproduction. EFA deficiency was induced by feeding a 200 g casein/kg-based diet containing 70 g hydrogenated coconut oil (HCO)/lkg as the only source of fat. The conversion efficiency of dietary protein was assessed as net protein utilization (NPU), using a 10 d comparative carcass technique. Consumption of the deficient diet during the 10 d assay period induced biochemical changes characteristic of mild EFA deficiency in humans (triene:tetraene 0·27 (SD 0·04) compared with 0·026 (SD 0·004) for wn-deficient controls), but there were no significant changes in growth rate or protein utilization. These variables were also unchanged when the deficient diet was fed for an additional 7 d before the assay, although triene: tetraene increased to 0.8 (SD 0·02). Feeding the deficient diet for 63 d before assay produced severe EFA deficiency (triene:tetraene 1.4 (SD 0·3) v. 0·036 (SD 0·005) for controls), a fall in growth rate (25% during assay period), and NPU (31.5 (SD 0·63) v. 39.0 (SD 0·93) for controls). These severely-EFA-deficient animals had a 30% higher fasting-resting rate of energy metabolism than that of age-matched controls. However, there was no change in the rate of endogenous N loss. Voluntary energy consumption was increased in animals fed on deficient diets, either with 200 g protein/kg, or protein free. The reduced efficiency of protein utilization could be entirely accounted for by the restricted amount of energy available for growth and protein deposition. Consumption of an EFA-deficient diet during pregnancy and lactation resulted in high mortality (11% survival rate at weaning compared with 79% for controls) and retarded growth in the preweaning offspring. It is concluded that animals are particularly sensitive to EFA deficiency during reproduction and pre- and post-natal stages of development. However, after weaning only severe EFA deficiency retarded growth, primarily through changes in energy balance.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-1145 , 1475-2662
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/BJN19960127
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 1996
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016047-1
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 21
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Impact of protein-rich meals on glycaemic response of rice
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2016
    In:  British Journal of Nutrition Vol. 115, No. 7 ( 2016-04-14), p. 1194-1201
    Details
    In: British Journal of Nutrition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 115, No. 7 ( 2016-04-14), p. 1194-1201
    Abstract: Asians typically consume carbohydrate-rich and high-glycaemic-index diets that have been associated with an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Rice is rarely eaten alone such that it is of interest to investigate the effects of co-ingesting different protein-rich meals with rice on insulin and glycaemic response. This study had a randomised, controlled, non-blind, cross-over design in which fifteen healthy Chinese male participants were required to come on non-consecutive days. Five rice-based test meals were served: rice alone (control), rice with fish (RWF), rice with egg white (RWE), rice with soya beancurd (taukwa) (RWT) and rice with chicken (RWC). The control meal consisted of 50 g of available carbohydrate, whereas all other test meals contained additional 25 g of protein. RWT was the only meal that showed significantly lower glucose response when compared with the control ( P 〈 0·05). RWF and RWE had significantly higher insulin response, but no significant increase was observed in RWT and RWC when compared with the control ( P 〈 0·05). RWT and RWF showed significantly higher glucagon secretion as compared with the control ( P 〈 0·05). The four test meals studied showed varying effects, with RWT showing the greatest reduction in glycaemic response. Therefore, the ingestion of soya beancurd with rice may have a direct impact on reducing the risk in Asians transiting from being pre-diabetics to diabetics.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-1145 , 1475-2662
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0007114515005498
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016047-1
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 21
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Relationship between tissue mobilization and storage in the rat
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 1997
    In:  British Journal of Nutrition Vol. 78, No. 1 ( 1997-07), p. 131-141
    Details
    In: British Journal of Nutrition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 78, No. 1 ( 1997-07), p. 131-141
    Abstract: The amount of energy mobilized or stored as protein, expressed as a proportion of the total energy stored or mobilized (defined as the P ratio, Payne & Dugdale, 1977), was investigated in the young male (rapid growth) and adult female (slow growth) rat. Energy mobilization was induced by a 3 d fast and the changes in body content of fat and lean tissues were used to estimate the fasting P ratio (P fast ). Tissue storage was subsequently effected by 17 d of refeeding and the corresponding ratio (P refed ) was calculated from the amounts of lean and fat tissue regained. The same experimental protocol was used for measuring P fast and P refed in weanling (30d) and adult (130d) rats. Weight-matched individuals were assigned to three groups. All animals in group 1 were killed at the beginning of the experiment. Animals in group 2 were fasted for 3d and then killed. Group 3 animals were first fasted for 3d, then had free access to a stock diet for a further 17 d before being killed. During fasting, a close linear relationship was found between weight change and body energy changes ( r 0·985, and r 0·92, P 〈 0·001 for weanlings and adult rats respectively) and between carcass N loss and urinary N loss ( r 0·933, P 〈 0·001). These relationships were used to estimate the body energy and N content of each animal at the end of the initial fasting period. Hence, both P fast and P refed values could be calculated for all individuals at both ages. When P fast and P refed were calculated for adult rats, the mean values were similar (0·138 (SE 0·002) and 0·130 (SE 0·006) respectively). Individually, the P fast , and P refed values were correlated (r 0·54, P = 0·058). In weanling rats, the mean P refed value was about 2·5 times the P fast (0·421 (SE 0·0113) v . 0·156 (SE 0·004)). Despite the differences in P fast and P refed , the individual values were again correlated ( r 0·668, P 〈 0·05). These results support the suggestion made by Payne & Dugdale (1977), that particular P- ratio values are characteristic of individuals and describe the extent to which protein is mobilized or stored during fasting or refeeding. These observations are discussed in relation to the predictions made by the Payne-Dugdale model.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-1145 , 1475-2662
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1079/BJN19970125
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 1997
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016047-1
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 21
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Breakfast consumption modulates postprandial glycaemic, insulinaemic and NEFA response in pre-diabetic Asian males
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2020
    In:  British Journal of Nutrition Vol. 123, No. 6 ( 2020-03-28), p. 664-672
    Details
    In: British Journal of Nutrition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 123, No. 6 ( 2020-03-28), p. 664-672
    Abstract: Breakfast consumption is associated with a variety of nutritional and lifestyle-related health outcomes. The objective of the present study was to investigate how the consumption of breakfast affected blood glucose, insulin and NEFA profiles. A lower postprandial blood glucose, insulin and NEFA response is associated with a lower risk of development of metabolic diseases. In a randomised crossover non-blind design, thirteen pre-diabetic Chinese adult males (BMI 26·7 ( sd 4·2) kg/m 2 ) attended two sessions where they either consumed a high-glycaemic index breakfast or no breakfast consumption. Changes in glycaemic response over 27 h periods were measured using the Medtronic MiniMed iPro TM 2 continuous glucose monitoring system. Blood samples were collected using a peripheral venous catheter at fixed intervals for 3 h after the test meal and 3 h after standardised lunch consumption. Postprandial glucose, insulin and NEFA response was calculated as total AUC and incremental AUC using the trapezoidal rule that ignored the area under the baseline. It was found that breakfast consumption significantly decreased postprandial glucose, insulin and NEFA excursion response at lunch time ( P = 0·001). Consumption of breakfast attenuated blood glucose profiles by minimising glycaemic excursions and reduced both insulinaemic and NEFA responses in pre-diabetic Asian males during the second meal. This simple dietary intervention may be a novel approach to help improve subsequent lunch glycaemic responses in Asians at high risk of developing diabetes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-1145 , 1475-2662
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0007114519003180
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016047-1
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 21
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Combination of soya protein and polydextrose reduces energy intake and glycaemic response via modulation of gastric emptying rate, ghrelin and glucagon-like peptide-1 in Chinese
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2016
    In:  British Journal of Nutrition Vol. 115, No. 12 ( 2016-06-28), p. 2130-2137
    Details
    In: British Journal of Nutrition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 115, No. 12 ( 2016-06-28), p. 2130-2137
    Abstract: The short-term effect of soya protein, polydextrose and their combination on energy intake (EI) was investigated in Chinese. In total, twenty-seven healthy, normotensive and lean Chinese men aged 21–40 years were given four different soyabean curd preloads with or without polydextrose. The study was a repeated-measure, randomised, cross-over design. The consumption of high-protein soyabean curd alone or in addition with polydextrose as a preload led to greater reduction in EI at a subsequent meal. A similar observation was also found after intake of low-protein soyabean curd with polydextrose. The gut hormone responses mirrored the reduction in food intake. It appears that incorporation of polydextrose either with low- or high-protein soyabean curd could be a potential strategy to reduce EI and assist with weight management. The popular consumption of soyabean curd in Chinese makes it an ideal vehicle for incorporation of polydextrose. This evidence-based dietary approach can serve as a guideline for developing functional foods for weight reduction and weight maintenance.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-1145 , 1475-2662
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0007114516001689
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016047-1
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 21
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Glycaemic index and glycaemic load of selected popular foods consumed in Southeast Asia
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2015
    In:  British Journal of Nutrition Vol. 113, No. 5 ( 2015-03-14), p. 843-848
    Details
    In: British Journal of Nutrition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 113, No. 5 ( 2015-03-14), p. 843-848
    Abstract: The objective of the present study was to determine the glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) values of standard portion sizes of Southeast Asian traditional foods. A total of fifteen popular Southeast Asian foods were evaluated. Of these foods, three were soft drinks, while the other twelve were solid foods commonly consumed in this region. In total, forty-seven healthy participants (eighteen males and twenty-nine females) volunteered to consume either glucose at least twice or one of the fifteen test foods after a 10–12 h overnight fast. Blood glucose concentrations were analysed before consumption of the test food, and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min after food consumption, using capillary blood samples. The GI value of each test food was calculated by expressing the incremental area under the blood glucose response curve (IAUC) value of the test food as a percentage of each participant's average IAUC value, with glucose as the reference food. Among the fifteen foods tested, six belonged to low-GI foods (Ice Green Tea, Beehoon, Pandan Waffle, Curry Puff, Youtiao and Kaya Butter Toast), three belonged to medium-GI foods (Barley Drink, Char Siew Pau and Nasi Lemak), and the other six belonged to high-GI foods (Ice Lemon Tea, Chinese Carrot Cake, Chinese Yam Cake, Chee Cheong Fun, Lo Mai Gai and Pink Rice Cake). The GI and GL values of these traditional foods provide valuable information to consumers, researchers and dietitians on the optimal food choice for glycaemic control. Moreover, our dataset provides GI values of fifteen foods that were not previously tested extensively, and it presents values of foods commonly consumed in Southeast Asia.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-1145 , 1475-2662
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0007114514004425
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016047-1
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 21
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effect of fat type in baked bread on amylose–lipid complex formation and glycaemic response
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2016
    In:  British Journal of Nutrition Vol. 115, No. 12 ( 2016-06-28), p. 2122-2129
    Details
    In: British Journal of Nutrition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 115, No. 12 ( 2016-06-28), p. 2122-2129
    Abstract: The formation of amylose–lipid complexes (ALC) had been associated with reduced starch digestibility. A few studies have directly characterised the extent of ALC formation with glycaemic response. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of using fats with varying degree of saturation and chain length on ALC formation as well as glycaemic and insulinaemic responses after consumption of bread. Healthy men consumed five test breads in a random order: control bread without any added fats (CTR) and breads baked with butter (BTR), coconut oil (COC), grapeseed oil (GRP) or olive oil (OLV). There was a significant difference in glycaemic response between the different test breads ( P =0·002), primarily due to COC having a lower response than CTR ( P =0·016), but no significant differences between fat types were observed. Insulinaemic response was not altered by the addition of fats/oils. Although BTR was more insulinotropic than GRP ( P 〈 0·05), postprandial β -cell function did not differ significantly. The complexing index (CI), a measure of ALC formation, was significantly higher for COC and OLV compared with BTR and GRP ( P 〈 0·05). CI was significantly negatively correlated with incremental AUC (IAUC) of change in blood glucose concentrations over time (IAUC glucose ) ( r –0·365, P =0·001). Linear regression analysis showed that CI explained 13·3 % of the variance and was a significant predictor of IAUC glucose ( β =–1·265, P =0·001), but IAUC insulin did not predict IAUC glucose . Our study indicated that a simple way to modulate glycaemic response in bread could lie in the choice of fats/oils, with coconut oil showing the greatest attenuation of glycaemic response.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-1145 , 1475-2662
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0007114516001458
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016047-1
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 21
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Long-chain n -3 PUFA in vegetarian women: a metabolic perspective
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2017
    In:  Journal of Nutritional Science Vol. 6 ( 2017)
    Details
    In: Journal of Nutritional Science, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 6 ( 2017)
    Abstract: Vegetarian diets have been associated with health benefits, but paradoxically are low in EPA and DHA which are important for development, particularly of the central nervous system, and for health. Humans have limited capacity for synthesis of EPA and DHA from α-linolenic acid, although this is greater in women than men. Oily fish and, to a lesser extent, dairy foods and meat are the primary sources of EPA and DHA in the diet. Exclusion of these foods from the diet by vegetarians is associated consistently with lower EPA and DHA status in vegetarian women compared with omnivores. The purpose of the present review was to assess the impact of low EPA and DHA status in vegetarian pregnancies on the development and health of children. EPA and DHA status was lower in breast milk and in infants of vegetarian mothers than those born to omnivore mothers, which suggests that in the absence of pre-formed dietary EPA and DHA, synthesis from α-linolenic acid is an important process in determining maternal EPA and DHA status in pregnancy. However, there have been no studies that have investigated the effect of low maternal DHA status in vegetarians on cognitive function in children. It is important to address this gap in knowledge in order to be confident that vegetarian and vegan diets during pregnancy are safe in the context of child development.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2048-6790
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/jns.2017.62
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2656288-1
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Soya milk exerts different effects on plasma amino acid responses and incretin hormone secretion compared with cows’ milk in healthy, young men
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2016
    In:  British Journal of Nutrition Vol. 116, No. 7 ( 2016-10-14), p. 1216-1221
    Details
    In: British Journal of Nutrition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 116, No. 7 ( 2016-10-14), p. 1216-1221
    Abstract: Apart from the well-known action of insulin, the mechanism by which soya and cows’ milk improve postprandial glycaemia control was examined. In total, twelve healthy, young, Chinese men were studied on three separate occasions, in random order with isovolumetric (322 ml) control water, soya milk and cows’ milk. Plasma total amino acid concentrations increased 30 min after test meals consumption and were higher after soya milk (230 %) and cow milk (240 %) consumption compared with water. Cows’ milk ingestion induced higher branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) (40 %) than soya milk. Postprandial incretin concentrations increased after meal consumption. Cows’ milk meal was accompanied by higher incremental AUC (iAUC) (170 %) for glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) compared with soya milk and control ( P =0·06). However, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) concentrations increased to significantly greater levels after soya milk consumption (iAUC 60 % higher) compared with cows’ milk and control. Consumption of both soya and cows’ milk with carbohydrates induced a similar reduction in glycaemic response through a different mechanism, beyond insulin action. Plasma amino acids (alanine and arginine), and incretins in particular (GIP was stimulated), may be involved in the hyperinsulinaemia after soya milk meals. However, BCAA and GLP-1 release may be responsible for the reduced glycaemia after cows’ milk consumption by delaying gastric emptying. This could be the result of different milk protein/amino acid composition, but also differences in milk carbohydrate composition (i.e. lactose v . sucrose). It can be concluded that soya milk is a good alternative to cows’ milk with regard to glycaemic regulation, with different mechanisms involved.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-1145 , 1475-2662
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0007114516003214
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016047-1
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 21
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effect of co-ingestion of amino acids with rice on glycaemic and insulinaemic response
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2015
    In:  British Journal of Nutrition Vol. 114, No. 11 ( 2015-12-14), p. 1845-1851
    Details
    In: British Journal of Nutrition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 114, No. 11 ( 2015-12-14), p. 1845-1851
    Abstract: Consumption of high glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic response (GR) food such as white rice has been implicated in the development of type 2 diabetes. Previous studies have reported the ability of individual amino acids to reduce GR of carbohydrate-rich foods. Because of the bitter flavour of amino acids, they have rarely been used to reduce GR. We now report the use of a palatable, preformed amino acid mixture in the form of essence of chicken. In all, sixteen healthy male Chinese were served 68 or 136 ml amino acid mixture together with rice, or 15 or 30 min before consumption of white rice. Postprandial blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations were measured at fasting and every 15 min after consumption of the meal until 60 min after the consumption of the white rice. Subsequent blood samples were taken at 30-min intervals until 210 min. The co-ingestion of 68 ml of amino acid mixture with white rice produced the best results in reducing the peak blood glucose and GR of white rice without increasing the insulinaemic response. It is postulated that amino acid mixtures prime β -cell insulin secretion and peripheral tissue uptake of glucose. The use of ready-to-drink amino acid mixtures may be a useful strategy for lowering the high-GI rice diets consumed in Asia.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-1145 , 1475-2662
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0007114515003645
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016047-1
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 21
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...