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  • 1
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    The Age of the Holstein Interglaciation: A Reply
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 1988
    In:  Quaternary Research Vol. 29, No. 1 ( 1988-01), p. 80-84
    Details
    In: Quaternary Research, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 29, No. 1 ( 1988-01), p. 80-84
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0033-5894 , 1096-0287
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/0033-5894(88)90075-0
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 1988
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  • 2
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    CENTENNIAL TO MILLENNIAL-SCALE FLUCTUATIONS OF THE LAKE SUIGETSU ATMOSPHERIC 14 C RECORD REPRESENT AUTHENTIC 14 C FEATURES OVER LAST GLACIAL-TO-DEGLACIAL TIMES
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2023
    In:  Radiocarbon
    Details
    In: Radiocarbon, Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Abstract: Short-term fluctuations in atmospheric radiocarbon ( 14 C) concentration mark the tree-ring record for the last ∼15 kyr. Terrestrial macrofossils from sediment cores of Lake Suigetsu, Japan, extend this record of fluctuations back to 〉 35 cal ka BP. Their significance, however, is under debate since the signal-to-noise ratio of the Suigetsu record is low and progressively decreases with increasing age. Coherent semi-millennial-scale structures of the Suigetsu 14 C record have nevertheless been identified by three different techniques, namely visual inspection, analyses of the first derivative of 14 C vs. calendar age, and Bayesian spline inflections of 14 C concentration vs. calendar age, and hence appear objectively real. These 14 C fluctuations correlate closely with those of the tree-ring-based 14 C master record ∼10–14 cal ka. Thus, Suigetsu fine structures attain global significance and may properly reflect atmospheric 14 C variability back to ∼35 cal ka. Carbonate-based 14 C records from speleothems and ocean sediments are far smoother and form, together with Suigetsu and other data, the backbone of the IntCal20 record 〉 14 cal ka that largely lacks the Suigetsu fine structure. 14 C decay reduces 14 C-signal amplitudes over time, so Holocene-style 14 C signals of solar modulation disappear in the noise beyond ∼10 cal ka. The remaining older 14 C fine structures had larger forcings, most likely linked to climate and carbon cycle, especially ocean-atmosphere CO 2 exchange, and thus contain valuable information about these factors. They may also provide global stratigraphic tie points to correlate 14 C records of oceanic plankton sediments and climate signals independent of problems with local 14 C reservoir effects.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0033-8222 , 1945-5755
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/RDC.2023.47
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2028560-7
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  • 3
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    Atmospheric summer circulation and coastal upwelling in the Arabian Sea during the Holocene and the last glaciation
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 1991
    In:  Quaternary Research Vol. 36, No. 1 ( 1991-07), p. 72-93
    Details
    In: Quaternary Research, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 36, No. 1 ( 1991-07), p. 72-93
    Abstract: Accumulation rates of biogenic and lithogenic components were studied in 39 turbidite-free, well-dated sediment cores from the northern Indian Ocean to define the proportions of fluvial and eolian input and to reconstruct Quaternary patterns of coastal upwelling. The majority of dust deposited in the western Arabian Sea during the Holocene (about 100 × 10 6 t yr −1 ) is advected from Arabia by northwesterly winds, which overlie the low-level southwest monsoon. The glacial increase in dust flux to 160 × 10 6 t yr −1 culminated in the northern Arabian Sea, most probably due to (i) entrainment of dust, rich in chlorite, dolomite, and lithogenic carbonate in the then-dry Persian Gulf, and (ii) a southward shift of the mean position of the southwest monsoon during glacial summer. This shift is recorded in reduced accumulation rates of biogenic opal and increased rates of marine carbonate off Somalia and Oman. Both the terrigenous and biogenic sediment records show that the northwesterly winds and the southwest monsoon persisted over the last 27,000 yr, as well as the Asian continental summer heat low. However, the glacial seasonal time span of the southwest monsoon season was much reduced, most likely because of a delay in the seasonal onset of the southwest monsoon.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0033-5894 , 1096-0287
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/0033-5894(91)90018-Z
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 1991
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1471589-2
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  • 4
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    Planktic 14 C Plateaus: A Result of Short-Term Sedimentation Pulses?
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2017
    In:  Radiocarbon Vol. 59, No. 1 ( 2017-02), p. 33-43
    Details
    In: Radiocarbon, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 59, No. 1 ( 2017-02), p. 33-43
    Abstract: The tuning of plateaus in glacial and deglacial planktic radiocarbon records to pertinent structures in the atmospheric 14 C record of Lake Suigetsu results in both a record of surface water reservoir ages and a centennial-scale absolute age model. However, the atmospheric origin of planktic 14 C plateaus may be questioned. Alternatively, plateaus may result from short pulses of increased hemipelagic sediment deposition, which challenges the technique of 14 C plateau tuning. To test the two rationales for the interval 23–12 cal ka, we calculated hypothetical sedimentation rates for all 14 C plateaus identified in five Atlantic sediment cores assuming sediment pulses that either span 10, 100, 200, or 300 yr each. These rates were compared to rates derived by 14 C plateau tuning that assumes an atmospheric origin of the plateaus. In each plateau suite, our hypothetical sedimentation rates result in at least one or two cases in extreme values that exceed the rates reported for short-lasting pulses of sediment deposition in contourites by a factor of 50 and therefore appear unrealistic. Moreover, they result in entire suites of plateau structures that incidentally appear closely aligned to the pattern of atmospheric 14 C plateau suites rather than to any pulses of climate-controlled sediment discharge.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0033-8222 , 1945-5755
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/RDC.2016.100
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2017
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  • 5
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    Temporal variations of the trace fossil Zoophycos in a 425 ka long sediment record from the South China Sea: implications for the ethology of the Zoophycos producer
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2006
    In:  Geological Magazine Vol. 143, No. 1 ( 2006-01), p. 105-114
    Details
    In: Geological Magazine, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 143, No. 1 ( 2006-01), p. 105-114
    Abstract: A 425 ka long record from piston core GIK17925-3 taken in the northeastern South China Sea was used to study the environmental conditions controlling the distribution of the Zoophycos trace fossil. The 12 m long core offers a unique opportunity to study the response of the Zoophycos -producing animal to environmental variations over four glacial–interglacial cycles. The trace fossils show a strong glacial to interglacial variation in their abundance with a special preference for intervals with low sedimentation rates. Additional X-ray radiograph studies of piston cores from the Southeast Asian Marginal Seas show that the trace fossil Zoophycos is widespread in slope and deep-marine sediments, with the highest abundances encountered in low sedimentation rate settings. The preference of the Zoophycos producer for low sedimentation rates in a setting with strong seasonal fluctuations in food supply due to the shift between winter and summer monsoons, is interpreted to be the result of a cache-model behaviour, where food is collected during rich times and squirrelled away for poor times. Core GIK17925-3 also offers an opportunity to assess the impact of Zoophycos bioturbation on various palaeoenvironmental proxies. In this core, more than 30 % of the measured data points were more or less strongly affected by Zoophycos bioturbation. Together with the widespread occurrence this percentage indicates that Zoophycos may pose a serious threat to palaeoclimatic reconstructions in cores from low to moderate sedimentation rate sites.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0016-7568 , 1469-5081
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0016756805001408
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 956405-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1479206-0
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  • 6
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    Planktic and Benthic 14 C Reservoir Ages for Three Ocean Basins, Calibrated by a Suite of 14 C Plateaus in the Glacial-to-Deglacial Suigetsu Atmospheric 14 C Record
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2015
    In:  Radiocarbon Vol. 57, No. 1 ( 2015), p. 129-151
    Details
    In: Radiocarbon, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 57, No. 1 ( 2015), p. 129-151
    Abstract: This article presents a compilation of planktic and benthic 14 C reservoir ages for the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and early deglacial from 11 key sites of global ocean circulation in the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific Ocean. The ages were obtained by 14 C plateau tuning, a robust technique to derive both an absolute chronology for marine sediment records and a high-resolution record of changing reservoir/ventilation ages (Δ 14 C values) for surface and deep waters by comparing the suite of planktic 14 C plateaus of a sediment record with that of the atmospheric 14 C record. Results published thus far have used as atmospheric 14 C reference U/Th-dated corals, the Cariaco planktic record, and speleothems. We have now used the varve-counted atmospheric 14 C record of Lake Suigetsu terrestrial macrofossils to recalibrate the boundary ages and reservoir ages of the seven published records directly to an atmospheric 14 C record. In addition, the results for four new cores and further planktic results for four published records are given. Main conclusions from the new compilation are the following: (1) The Suigetsu atmospheric 14 C record on its varve-counted timescale reflects all 14 C plateaus, their internal structures, and relative length previously identified, but implies a rise in the average 14 C plateau age by 200–700 14 C yr during the LGM and early deglacial times. (2) Based on different 14 C ages of coeval atmospheric and planktic 14 C plateaus, marine surface water Δ 14 C may have temporarily dropped to an equivalent of ∼0 yr in low-latitude lagoon waters, but reached 〉 2500 14 C yr both in stratified subpolar waters and in upwelled waters such as in the South China Sea. These values differ significantly from a widely assumed constant global planktic Δ 14 C value of 400 yr. (3) Suites of deglacial planktic Δ 14 C values are closely reproducible in 14 C records measured at neighboring core sites. (4) Apparent deep-water 14 C ventilation ages (equivalents of benthic Δ 14 C), deduced from the sum of planktic Δ 14 C and coeval benthic-planktic 14 C differences, vary from 500 up to 〉 5000 yr in LGM and deglacial ocean basins.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0033-8222 , 1945-5755
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2458/azu_rc.57.17916
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2015
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  • 7
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    14 C Ages of a Varved Last Glacial Maximum Section Off Pakistan
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2003
    In:  Radiocarbon Vol. 45, No. 3 ( 2003), p. 467-477
    Details
    In: Radiocarbon, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 45, No. 3 ( 2003), p. 467-477
    Abstract: In a core off Pakistan, we obtained 38 14 C analyses by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) from a 4.4-m-thick, expanded, annually-laminated Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) section, bracketed by bioturbated intervals ascribed to the Heinrich-1 (H1) and Heinrich-2 (H2) equivalent events (52 14 C analyses between 24–15 kyr BP). A floating varve age scale, anchored to the oxygen isotope record of the layer-counted GISP2 ice core at the H2/LGM boundary, results in an annually dated record for the LGM from 23,450–17,900 cal BP. The floating varve scale of the LGM provides us with a tentative calibration of local marine AMS 14 C age dates to calendar years.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0033-8222 , 1945-5755
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0033822200032811
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2003
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2028560-7
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  • 8
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    Radiocarbon Levels in the Iceland Sea from 25–53 kyr and their Link to the Earth's Magnetic Field Intensity
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2000
    In:  Radiocarbon Vol. 42, No. 3 ( 2000), p. 437-452
    Details
    In: Radiocarbon, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 42, No. 3 ( 2000), p. 437-452
    Abstract: By correlating the climate records and radiocarbon ages of the planktonic foraminifera N. pachyderma (s) of deep-sea core PS2644 from the Iceland Sea with the annual-layer chronology of the GISP2 ice core, we obtained 80 marine 14 C calibration points for the interval 11.4-53.3 ka cal BP. Between 27 and 54 ka cal BP the continuous record of 14 C/cal age differences reveals three intervals of highly increased 14 C concentrations coincident with low values of paleomagnetic field intensity, two of which are attributed to the geomagnetic Mono Lake and Laschamp excursions (33.5-34.5 ka cal BP with maximum 550 marine δ 14 C, and 40.3-41.7 ka cal BP with maximum 1215 marine δ 14 C, respectively). A third maximum (marine δ 14 C: 755) is observed around 38 ka cal BP and attributed to the geomagnetic intensity minimum following the Laschamp excursion. During all three events the A 14 C values increase rapidly with maximum values occurring at the end of the respective geomagnetic intensity minimum. During the Mono Lake Event, however, our A 14 C values seem to underestimate the atmospheric level, if compared to the 36 Cl flux measured in the GRIP ice core (Wagner et al. 2000) and other records. As this excursion coincides with a meltwater event in core PS2644, the underestimation is probably caused by an increased planktonic reservoir age. The same effect also occurs from 38.5 to 40 ka cal BP when the meltwater lid of Heinrich Event 4 affected the planktonic record.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0033-8222 , 1945-5755
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0033822200030368
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2000
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2028560-7
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  • 9
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    The Holstein Interglaciation: Time-Stratigraphic Position and Correlation to Stable-Isotope Stratigraphy of Deep-Sea Sediments
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 1986
    In:  Quaternary Research Vol. 26, No. 3 ( 1986-11), p. 283-298
    Details
    In: Quaternary Research, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 26, No. 3 ( 1986-11), p. 283-298
    Abstract: Marine molluscan shells from para-type and other localities of the Holsteinian interglaciation were dated by Th/U and the electron spin resonance (ESR) method to more than 350,000 and 370,000 yr B.P., beyond the limit of Th/U dating. The high age estimate is corroborated by a K/Ar age of 420,000 yr B.P. determined from volcanic ash near the base of the Ariendorf paleosol in the Middle Rhine valley believed to be a pedostratigraphic equivalent of the Holsteinian. Shells from the Herzeele marine unit III, an equivalent of the Wacken (Dömnitz) warm stage in northern France and subsequent to the Holsteinian, revealed ages between 300,000 and 350,000 yr B.P. A correlation of these two warm stages with marine oxygen-isotope stages 11 and 9 on the SPECMAP and CARTUNE time scales is suggested. From the benthic oxygen-isotope record one may infer that no exceptionally high global sea-level rise corresponds to the large transgressions of the Holstein Sea in northern Germany. Therefore, a significant proportion of the transgression was probably the result of an unusually large local glacial-isostatic depression caused by the extreme buildup of ice during the preceding Elster glaciation (stage 12). According to the deep-sea record, it lasted approximately 50% longer than the subsequent cold stage 10. The outstanding soil formation with Braunlehm and the well-developed thermal optimum of the Holsteinian are tentatively related to a phase of minimum sea-ice cover in the Norwegian-Greenland Sea, as deduced from long benthic carbon-isotope records from the central Atlantic.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0033-5894 , 1096-0287
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/0033-5894(86)90090-6
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 1986
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  • 10
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    Correlation of Marine 14 C Ages from the Nordic Seas with the GISP2 Isotope Record: Implications for 14 C Calibration Beyond 25 ka BP
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 1997
    In:  Radiocarbon Vol. 40, No. 1 ( 1997), p. 517-534
    Details
    In: Radiocarbon, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 40, No. 1 ( 1997), p. 517-534
    Abstract: We present two new high-resolution sediment records from the southwestern Iceland and Norwegian Seas that were dated by numerous 14 C ages up to 54 14 C ka bp. Based on various lines of evidence, the local 14 C reservoir effect was restricted to 400–1600 yr. The planktic stable isotope records reveal several meltwater spikes that were sampled with an average time resolution of 50 yr in PS2644 and 130 yr in core 23071 during isotope stage 3. Most of the δ 18 O spikes correlate peak-by-peak to the stadials and cold rebounds of the Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles in the annual-layer counted GISP2 ice core, with the major spikes reflecting the Heinrich events 1–6. This correlation indicates large fluctuations in the calibration of 14 C ages between 20 and 54 14 C ka bp. Generally the results confirm the 14 C age shifts as predicted by the geomagnetic model of Laj, Mazaud and Duplessy (1996). However, the amplitude and speed of the abrupt decrease and subsequent major increase of our 14 C shifts after 45 14 C ka bp clearly exceed the geomagnetic prediction near 40–43 and 32–34 calendar (cal) ka bp. At these times, the geomagnetic field intensity minima linked to the Laschamp and the Mono Lake excursions and confirmed by a local geomagnetic record, probably led to a sudden increase in cosmogenic 14 C and 10 Be production, giving rise to excess 14 C in the atmosphere of up to 1200%.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0033-8222 , 1945-5755
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0033822200018397
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 1997
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2028560-7
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