Note: Intro -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Sustainability in the Biom* -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Bioinspired Design -- 2.1 Bionics -- 2.2 Biomimetics -- 2.3 Biomimicry -- 3 Bioinspired Design and Sustainability -- 3.1 Sustainability Spectrum -- 4 Positioning Bioinspired Design Approaches -- 5 Discussion and Implications -- 6 Limitations and Future Directions -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Two-Way Bionics: How Technological Advances for Bioinspired Designs Contribute to the Study of Plant Anatomy and Morphology -- 1 Introduction -- 2 3D Technologies: Analyses and Simulations -- 2.1 X-Ray Microtomography (µCT) -- 2.2 Finite Element Analysis (FEA) -- 3 Bionics: From Design to Biodiversity -- 4 Conclusions and Future Directions -- References -- The Maniola, Lycaenidae, and Other Lepidoptera Eggs as an Inspiration Source for Food Storage and Packaging Design Solutions -- 1 Biomimesis: Hints of History and Methodology -- 2 Eggs in Nature -- 3 The Butterfly Egg Effect -- 3.1 Ensure a Resistant Bond to the Lower Surface of the Sheets or Stems from Counteracting Gravitational Forces -- 3.2 Optimization of the Closet Package of the Spatial Distribution of the Aggregation of the Brood of Numerous Eggs on the Target Support -- 3.3 Offer Mechanical Protection from External Physical Agents (Wind, Compressions, Impacts, Etc.) -- 3.4 Maintain the Correct Initial Permeability to the Male Sperm Flow to Ensure the Fertilization of the Genetic Material -- 3.5 Guarantee the Conservation of the Correct Internal Valuable Humidity for the Vital Processes of the Larva and Allow the Metabolic Gaseous Oxygen/Carbon Dioxide Exchanges -- 3.6 Offer the First Food to the Caterpillar Immediately upon Hatching -- 4 The Lycanidae's Construction Eggs Design -- 5 Food Storage and Conservation in Human and animal's Eating Behaviors. , 5.1 The Fragile Ecosystem of the Domestic Refrigerator -- 5.2 Sustainability in the Food Packaging and Preservation Sector -- 5.3 Cheese and Other "Living" Food -- 6 Design Inspirations -- 6.1 Bee's Wrap® and Other Bees' Wax Food Package -- 6.2 Origami, Kusudama, Oribotics, Snapology, and Other Paper Folding Techniques -- 6.3 Design Concept: ChorionPack©-3D-Textured and Ventilated Bees-Waxed food's Cardboard Emballage -- 7 Conclusions -- References -- Transport Package and Release of Ladybug Larvae with Biomimetic Concepts -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Pesticide Use Versus the Health of Living Beings -- 3 Organic Gardens and Natural Pest Control -- 4 Need for Appropriate Packaging for Transport and Release of Larvae -- 5 Principles of Biomimetics -- 6 Process and Packaging Design -- 7 Final Considerations -- References -- Characterization of the Gradient Cellular Structure of Bottle Gourd (Lagenaria Siceraria) and Implications for Bioinspired Applications -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Bottle Gourd (Lagenaria Siceraria) -- 2.1 Origins of the Oldest of Domesticated Plants -- 2.2 From Planting to Fruit -- 3 Characterization of Bottle Gourd and Implication for Bionics -- 3.1 Materials and Methods -- 3.2 Characterization of the Gradient Cellular Structure -- 3.3 Implications for the Study of Bionics -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Bamboo-Based Microfluidic System for Sustainable Bio-devices -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Natural Bamboo Bio-templates for Chemical Platform, Steam Generation, and Electric and Electrochemical Devices -- 2.1 Copper-Functionalized Lignocellulosic Microreactor (Cu-LµR) -- 2.2 Lignocellulose-Based Analytical Devices (LADs) -- 2.3 Solar Steam Generation -- 2.4 Electrical 3D Circuits -- 2.5 Microfluidic Heaters -- 2.6 Fully Integrated Electrochemical Cells -- 3 Devices Based on Carbonized Bamboo. , 3.1 Solar Vapor-Generation Device for Water Desalination -- 3.2 Monolithic Air Cathode for Microbial Fuel Cell Applications -- 4 Remarks and Potential Future Applications of Bamboo Bio-templates -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Sustainable Biomimetics: A Discussion on Differences in Scale, Complexity, and Organization Between the Natural and Artificial World -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Life Cycles -- 2.1 Use of Resources -- 2.2 Time and Scale -- 2.3 Use of Waste -- 2.4 Production -- 3 Biological Versus Artificial -- 3.1 Heterogeneity -- 3.2 Anisotropy -- 3.3 Hierarchy -- 3.4 Modularity -- 3.5 Adaptability -- 3.6 Self-healing -- 3.7 Multifunctionality -- 4 Hybrid Design Lab: Experimental Designs Closer to Nature -- 4.1 Designing Bio-based Products on Life Cycle Disposal Time -- 4.2 Designing and Valorizing Waste -- 4.3 Designing Bio-inspired Variability -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Bionics for Inspiration: A New Look at Brazilian Natural Materials for Application in Sustainable Jewelry -- 1 Introduction-Natural Materials -- 1.1 Classification of Natural Materials -- 1.2 What is a Natural Material -- 1.3 Selection of Natural Materials -- 1.4 Bionics and Aesthetics of Natural Materials: From Nature to Jewelry -- 2 Brazilian Natural Materials as a Source of Inspiration -- 2.1 Mineral Material: Agate -- 2.2 Plant Material: Golden Grass -- 2.3 Animal Material: Horse Mane -- 3 Experimental Procedure -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Pherodrone1.0: An Innovative Inflatable UAV's Concept, Inspired by Zanonia Macrocarpa's Samara Flying-Wing and to Insect's Sensillae, Designed for the Biological Control of Harmful Insects in PA (Precision Agriculture) -- 1 Homus Agriculus-Domina Agricola -- 2 The Innovative Requests of the PA (Precision Agriculture) -- 3 The Flight -- 3.1 The UAV-Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Use in PA -- 3.2 Main Components of a UAV. , 3.3 Living Flying: Birds, Fishes, & -- Other Aeromobiles Creatures -- 3.4 Insects -- 4 Design Inspirations -- 4.1 Design Inspiration 01: Flying Seeds-Zanonia Macrocarpa (Venustas) -- 4.2 Design Inspiration 02: Pheromones Insect's Detection (Propinquitas) -- 5 Pherodrone1.0's Design Concept -- 5.1 Premise -- 5.2 Functional Layout (Utilitas and Firmitas) -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Exploiting the Potential of Nature for Sustainable Building Designs: A Novel Bioinspired Framework Based on a Characterization of Living Envelopes -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Living Envelopes -- 2.1 Building Designs in Needs of Bioinspiration? -- 2.2 Biological Skins -- 2.3 Animal Constructions -- 2.4 Taxonomic Bias -- 3 An Engineer/Architecture-Oriented Characterization -- 3.1 Existing Tools for Abstractions -- 3.2 Systemic Approach -- 4 Take-Aways from Animal Constructions -- 4.1 Example of Characterization: The Prairie Dog Burrows -- 4.2 Toward Multi-functional Envelopes -- 4.3 The Construction of Animal-Built Structures -- 4.4 Discussion -- 5 Integration into a Design Process for the Building Envelope -- 5.1 Technology-Pull Framework -- 5.2 A First Case Study: The Morpho Butterfly -- 5.3 Feedbacks and Analysis for This Framework -- 6 Conclusion and Future Work -- References -- Bio-inspired Approaches for Sustainable Cities Design in Tropical Climate -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Biomimicry-Based Approaches to Improve Districts and Cities Designs in Tropical Climates -- 3 Sustainability Evaluation: Case Studies -- 4 Application of Biomimicry-Based Strategies Toward Regenerative Planning: A Case Study in Panama -- 4.1 Methodological Plan for the Design and Evaluation Proposal of Regenerative Cities -- 4.2 Proposal Evaluation for Regenerative Cities via SWOT Analysis -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Pho'liage: Towards a Kinetic Biomimetic Thermoregulating Façade. , 1 Introduction -- 2 Setting the Context -- 2.1 Meeting Energy Requirements -- 2.2 Optimizing Thermal Comfort -- 3 Developing a Biomimetic Envelope -- 3.1 From Biological Movement to Adaptive Shading System -- 3.2 Developing the First Prototype for Application -- 4 Addressing Environmental Challenges -- 4.1 Optimizing Pho'liage -- 4.2 Opportunities and Prospective Outlook -- References.

Note: Intro -- Contents -- About the Editor -- Effect of Textile Parameters on Microfiber Shedding Properties of Textiles -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Microfiber Shedding Mechanism -- 3 Microfiber Generations in Different Phases of Life Cycle -- 3.1 Production Stage -- 3.2 Consumption Stage -- 3.3 Disposal Stage -- 4 Effect of Textile Parameters in Microfiber Shedding -- 4.1 Effect of Fiber Properties -- 4.2 Effect of Yarn Parameters -- 4.3 Effect of Fabric Parameters and Properties -- 4.4 Effect of Surface Finishes -- 4.5 Effects of Aging -- 5 Summary and Recommendations -- References -- Current State of Microplastics Research in SAARC Countries-A Review -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Knowledge of Microplastics Research in SAARC Nations -- 3 India -- 3.1 Coastal Environment -- 3.2 Riverine Environment -- 3.3 Lacustrine Environment -- 3.4 Groundwater -- 3.5 Biota -- 3.6 Salt -- 3.7 Dust/Atmospheric Deposition -- 4 Pakistan -- 5 Maldives -- 6 Bangladesh -- 7 Sri Lanka -- 8 Nepal -- 9 Recommendations for Future Studies -- 10 Conclusion -- References -- Distribution and Impact of Microplastics in the Aquatic Systems: A Review of Ecotoxicological Effects on Biota -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Review Methods and Data Treatment -- 3 The Occurrence of Microplastics in Aquatic Biota -- 4 Interaction and Uptake Mechanism of Microplastics by Aquatic Biota -- 5 Ecotoxicological Effects of Microplastics on Aquatic Biota -- 5.1 Toxicity Effect at Subcellular, Cellular, and Organ Level of Biota -- 5.2 Toxicity Effects on the Behavioral Pattern -- 6 Microplastics Associated Contaminants Effects on Biotas -- 7 Conclusion, Future Research, and Recommendation -- References -- Microplastic Pollution in Marine Environment: Occurrence, Fate, and Effects (With a Specific Focus on Biogeochemical Carbon and Nitrogen Cycles) -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Concept and Composition of Microplastics. , 1.2 Sources of Microplastics -- 2 Environmental Fate and Transport of Microplastics -- 2.1 The Transport of Microplastics in the Marine Environment -- 2.2 The Fate of Microplastics in the Marine Environment -- 3 The Impact of Microplastics on Ecosystems -- 3.1 Impacts on Marine Phytoplankton and Zooplankton -- 3.2 Impacts on Marine Benthic Communities -- 3.3 Effects of Microplastics on Microbial Diversity, Community Structure, and Function -- 4 Effects on Biogeochemical Carbon and Nitrogen Cycles -- 4.1 Effect of Microplastics on Carbon Cycles -- 4.2 Effect of Microplastics on Nitrogen Cycles in Sediments -- 5 Conclusion and Perspectives -- References -- Domestic Laundry and Microfiber Shedding of Synthetic Textiles -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Microfiber Shedding and Laundry -- 2.1 Effect of Detergent/Detergent Concentration on Microfiber Shedding -- 2.2 Effect of Laundry Temperature on Microfiber Shedding -- 2.3 Effect of Laundry Cycle/Time on Microfiber Shedding -- 2.4 Effect of Softener Treatment on Microfiber Shedding -- 2.5 Effect of Washing Machine Type/Method on Microfiber Shedding -- 2.6 Other Influencing Parameters Influencing Microfiber Shedding -- 3 Summary and Recommendation -- References -- Microplastics in Dentistry-A Review -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Dental Materials and Microplastics -- 2.1 Poly Methyl Methacrylate Based Denture Base Materials -- 2.2 BIS Phenol A from Orthodontic Appliances -- 2.3 BIS Phenol A from Composites and Pit and Fissure Sealants -- 2.4 Toothpastes and Microplastics -- 3 Polymer Degradation and Impacts -- 3.1 Saliva Components -- 3.2 Masticatory Forces -- 3.3 Thermal and Chemical Changes -- 3.4 Oral Microbes -- 4 Environmental Impact -- 5 Impact on Human -- 6 Recommendations for Future Studies -- 7 Conclusion -- References.

Note: Intro -- Contents -- Editor and Contributors -- Synthetic Textile and Microplastic Pollution: An Analysis on Environmental and Health Impact -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Ubiquity of Microplastics -- 2.1 Microplastics in Aquatic Environment -- 2.2 Microplastics in Terrestrial Environment -- 2.3 Microplastics in Atmosphere -- 3 Impact of Microplastic Pollution -- 3.1 Microplastics in the Food Chain -- 3.2 Microplastics and Human Health -- 4 Microfibers-Major Source of Microplastics -- 5 Research Status of Microfiber Pollution -- 6 Summary and Research Gap -- References -- Enabling Circular Fashion Through Product Life Extension -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Circular Economy -- 3 Circular Fashion -- 4 Product Life Extension -- 4.1 Design for Longevity -- 4.2 Product Service Systems (PSSs) and Collaborative Consumption -- 4.3 Refashioning Models -- 5 Challenges for Adopting Product Life Extension Models -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Challenges and Opportunities for Circular Fashion in India -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Need of Circular Fashion -- 1.2 Concept of Circular Fashion -- 2 Challenges and Opportunities Faced by Indian Circular Fashion Sector -- 2.1 Designing -- 2.2 Raw Material -- 2.3 Manufacturing Process -- 2.4 Garment Construction -- 2.5 Packaging and Transportation -- 2.6 Retailing -- 2.7 Consumption and Use -- 2.8 Post-consumer Use -- 3 Conclusion -- References -- A Study on the Comparison of Fabric Properties of Recycled and Virgin Polyester Denim -- 1 Literature Review -- 1.1 Denim -- 1.2 History of Denim -- 1.3 Applications of Denim -- 1.4 Different Washes and Types of Denim -- 1.5 Sustainability in Apparel Industry -- 1.6 Sewing Parameters -- 2 Objectives -- 3 Methodology -- 3.1 Selection of Sample -- 3.2 Development of Sample and Its Properties -- 3.3 Testing of Sample -- 3.4 Methods -- 3.5 Seam Elongation -- 3.6 Seam Efficiency. , 4 Results and Discussion -- 4.1 Influence of Needle Size, SPI and Seam Types on Seam Strength of the Denim Fabrics -- 4.2 Effect of SPI, Seam Type and Needle Size on Seam Efficiency of Recycled Polyester and Polyester Denim Fabrics -- 4.3 Effect of SPI, Seam Type and Needle Size on Seam Elongation of Recycled Polyester and Polyester Denim Fabrics -- 4.4 Shrinkage -- 4.5 Colorfastness -- 4.6 Analysis of Comfort in the Produced Garments -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- A Look Back at Zero-Waste Fashion Across the Centuries -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Fast Fashion -- 3 Slow Fashion -- 4 Sustainable Fashion -- 5 Sustainable Fashion in History -- 5.1 Before Common Era -- 5.2 Common Era -- 6 Impact on Sustainable Fashion -- 7 Impact of Slow Fashion -- 8 Conclusion -- References -- Advancements in Recycling of Polyethylene Terephthalate Wastes: A Sustainable Solution to Achieve a Circular Economy -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Current Scenario of Textile Wastes -- 2 PES Textile Waste -- 2.1 Pre-consumer Textile Waste -- 2.2 Post-consumer Textile Waste -- 2.3 Industrial Textile Waste -- 2.4 Downcycling -- 2.5 Upcycling -- 2.6 Recycling and Its Challenges -- 3 Circular Economy: Sustainable Solution for PES Textile Wastes -- 3.1 Open-loop Recycling System -- 3.2 Closed-loop Recycling System -- 3.3 Reduce -- 3.4 Repair/Reuse -- 3.5 Recycle -- 4 Physical or Mechanical Recycling of PES Textile Waste -- 4.1 Textile-to-Fiber -- 4.2 Bottle-to-Fiber -- 5 Recycling and Reuse of PES Textile Waste -- 5.1 Primary Recycling -- 5.2 Secondary Recycling -- 5.3 Tertiary Recycling -- 6 Biological Recycling of PES -- 6.1 Cutinases -- 6.2 Lipases -- 6.3 Esterase -- 6.4 PETase -- 6.5 PHA Depolymerases and Other Polyesterases -- 7 Challenges Ahead -- 8 Future Perspectives and Conclusions -- References. , Converting Textile Waste into Designer Wall and Floor Tiles: A New Approach to Recycle Textile Waste -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Reinforcement Material and Other Chemicals -- 2.2 Matrix Materials -- 2.3 The Experimental Calculation for Fiber and Matrix Weight Fractions -- 2.4 Preparation of Composite Tile Material -- 2.5 Testing of Tiles -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Optimization of Epoxy Resin and Hardener Ratio -- 3.2 Development of Tiles -- 3.3 Mechanical Properties of Tiles Made Out of Denim Fabric Waste, Cornhusk, and Rice Straw Waste with Resin -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Sustainable Development Goal: Sustainable Management and Use of Natural Resources in Textile and Apparel Industry -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Natural Resources-Use and Management -- 2.1 Use of Natural Resources -- 2.2 Natural Resource Management -- 3 Sustainable Agricultural Practices for Reduced Land Eco-Toxicity -- 3.1 Regenerative Farming -- 3.2 Biotechnology in Agriculture -- 3.3 Organic Farming -- 4 Water and Energy Management -- 4.1 Water as a Natural Resource -- 4.2 Water Management -- 4.3 Natural Resource: Energy -- 4.4 Energy Management -- 5 Certification of Sustainable Textile Fibers -- 5.1 Textile Exchange -- 5.2 The Organic Trade Association (OTA) -- 5.3 International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM) -- 5.4 Global Organic Textile Standard -- 5.5 Organic Farming Certification -- 5.6 The Sustainability Framework of Food and Agriculture Systems (SAFA) -- 5.7 Field to Market: The Alliance for Sustainable Agriculture -- 5.8 Responsibility-Inducing Sustainability Evaluation (RISE) -- 6 Green Productivity and Sustainability Reporting -- 6.1 Cleaner Production -- 6.2 Sustainability Reporting -- 6.3 Roadmap for Sustainable Management of Natural Resources -- References.

Note: Intro -- Contents -- About the Editor -- Importance of Asclepias Syriaca (Milkweed) Fibers in Sustainable Fashion and Textile Industry and Its Potential End-Uses -- 1 Introduction -- 2 History of the Asclepias Syriaca (Milkweed) -- 3 Structure of the Asclepias Syriaca (Milkweed) Plant -- 4 Asclepias Syriaca (Milkweed) Fibers -- 5 Asclepias Syriaca (Milkweed) Fiber Properties -- 5.1 Mechanical Properties of Milkweed Fibers -- 5.2 Thermal Behaviors of Milkweed Fiber -- 5.3 Chemical Resistance of Milkweed Fibers -- 5.4 Dyeability of Milkweed Fibers -- 5.5 Spinnability of Milkweed Fibers -- 6 Importance of Asclepias Syriaca (Milkweed) Fibers for the Sustainable Textile and Fashion Industry Application/Research Areas -- 6.1 Daily Used Textile Products -- 6.2 Technical Textiles -- 6.3 Composites -- 6.4 Promising End-Uses -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Extracellular Polymeric Substances in Textile Industry -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Extracellular Polymeric Substances -- 3 Main Functions and Applications -- 4 Applications in Textile -- 5 Conclusions and Future Perspectives -- References -- Sustainable Agrotextile: Jute Needle-Punched Nonwoven Preparation, Properties and Use in Indian Perspective -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Nonwovens -- 2.1 What is Nonwoven? -- 2.2 Why Nonwoven Fabric?' -- 2.3 Nonwoven Versus Woven -- 2.4 Fibres for Nonwoven -- 2.5 Why Jute?  [21, 43] -- 3 Needle-Punching Nonwoven [20, 26] -- 3.1 Web Formation -- 3.2 Nonwoven Preparation -- 3.3 Structure -- 3.4 Properties -- 4 Jute Needle-Punched Nonwoven in Agrotextiles -- 4.1 Agricultural Mulch Fabric: Case Studies -- 4.2 Application on Horticultural/Nursery Bag [17] -- 4.3 Prefabricated Grass Mat from Jute Nonwoven -- 5 Artificial Soil Substitute -- 6 Use of Jute Nonwoven as Protective Cloth in Agriculture -- 6.1 Survey on Potential -- 7 Challenges and Limitations  [38, 42]. , 8 Potentials and Economy  [38, 42] -- 9 Conclusion -- References -- Popularization of Agrowaste Fibres-Banana and Areca Nut Fibre-A Sustainable Approach -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Agro-Waste Fibres -- 3 Banana Pseudostem a Rich Source of Fibre -- 3.1 Methods of Extraction -- 3.2 Properties of Banana Fibre Extracted from Pseudostem -- 3.3 Fibre Yield -- 3.4 Dyeability of Banana Fibre -- 3.5 Weaving of Banana Fabric -- 3.6 Applications in Composite Industry -- 4 Areca Nut Fibre -- 4.1 Properties of Areca Nut Fibre -- 4.2 Method of Extraction -- 4.3 Dyeability of Areca Fibre -- 4.4 Mechanical Properties -- 4.5 Applications of Areca Fibre -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Development of Union Fabrics from Lotus Petiole Waste -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Collection of Lotus Petioles -- 1.2 Extraction of Fiber -- 1.3 Preparation of Yarn -- 1.4 Constructional Details of Union Fabrics -- 1.5 Preparation of the Product -- 2 Results and Discussions -- 2.1 Construction of Fabrics -- 2.2 Evaluation of the Constructed Fabrics -- 2.3 Preparation of Product -- 3 Conclusion -- References -- Evaluating the Potential of Pineapple Leaf Fibre Fabrics and Its Blends for Sustainable Home Textile Applications -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Sustainable Fibres -- 3 Pineapple Leaf Fibres (PALF) -- 3.1 Extraction of PALF -- 3.2 Properties of PALF -- 3.3 Spinning of PALF -- 3.4 Weaving of PALF -- 3.5 Applications of PALF -- 4 Materials and Methods -- 4.1 Fibre Cutting and Softening -- 4.2 Fibre Blending -- 4.3 Fibre Morphological Structure -- 4.4 Yarn Production -- 4.5 Yarn Properties Testing -- 4.6 Woven Fabric Production -- 4.7 Sourced Commercial Fabrics -- 4.8 Woven Fabric Properties Testing -- 5 Results and Discussions -- 5.1 Morphological Structure of PALF -- 5.2 Yarn Count and Twist -- 5.3 Yarn Tenacity -- 5.4 Yarn Elongation -- 5.5 Yarn Evenness -- 5.6 Yarn Imperfections. , 5.7 Yarn Hairiness -- 5.8 Yarn Quality Index (YQI) -- 5.9 Statistical Significance of Yarn Properties Between PALF Cotton Blends -- 5.10 Overall Assessment of the Produced Yarn Characteristics -- 5.11 Woven Fabric Properties -- 5.12 PALF Table Mat and Curtain -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Production of Sustainable Banana Fibers from Agricultural Wastes and Their Properties -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Banana Plant and Its Cultivation -- 3 Banana Fibers and Their Production -- 3.1 Banana Fiber Production with Retting Method -- 3.2 Banana Fiber Production with Mechanical Methods -- 3.3 Degumming Process of Banana Fibers -- 3.4 Yarn Formation from Banana Fibers -- 4 Chemical Structure of Banana Fibers -- 5 Physical and Chemical Properties of Banana Fibers -- 6 Applications Areas of Banana Fibers -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Development of Sustainable Sound and Thermal Insulation Products from Unconventional Natural Fibres for Automobile Applications -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Material and Methods -- 2.1 Selection and Extraction Fibres -- 3 Characterization of Fibres -- 3.1 Physical Properties of Fibres -- 3.2 Surface Morphology Using Scanning Electron Microscope -- 3.3 Crystallinity of Fibres Using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) -- 3.4 Analysis of Chemical Groups by FTIR -- 3.5 Thermal Properties of Fibres -- 3.6 Preparation of Fibre and Web Formation -- 3.7 Needle Punched Non-woven Production -- 4 Characterization of Developed Non-woven -- 4.1 Physical Characterization -- 4.2 Thermal Conductivity by Lee's Disc Method -- 4.3 Sound Absorption Coefficient by Impedance Tube Method -- 5 Results and Discussions -- 5.1 Physical Properties of Fibres -- 5.2 Surface Morphology of Fibres Using SEM -- 5.3 FTIR Analysis of Fibres -- 5.4 Crystallinity of Fibres Using X-Ray Diffraction -- 5.5 Thermal Properties of Fibres -- 5.6 Characterization of Non-woven Fabrics. , 5.7 Air Permeability and Thermal Conductivity of Non-woven Samples -- 5.8 Acoustical Characteristics -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Design and Development of Under Arm Sweat Pad -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Sweat -- 1.2 Sweat-Common Causes -- 1.3 Body Odour -- 1.4 Problems due to Sweating -- 1.5 Sweat Pad -- 2 Materials Used for Microencapsulation -- 2.1 Core Material -- 2.2 Coating Material -- 3 Materials and Methods -- 3.1 Fabric Selection-Polyester -- 3.2 Bamboo -- 3.3 Material Details and Layers -- 3.4 Microencapsulation -- 4 Preparation of Micro-Capsules -- 4.1 Padding Process -- 4.2 Light Microscopy and SEM Analysis -- 5 Design and Development of Underarm Sweat Pad -- 5.1 Construction of Underarm Sweat Pad -- 5.2 Underarm Sweat Pad with Body Straps -- 5.3 Feedback Survey -- 6 Results and Discussion -- 6.1 Air Permeability Test -- 6.2 Moisture Vapour Transmission Test -- 6.3 Vertical Wickability Test -- 6.4 Antimicrobial Activity Test -- 6.5 Antimicrobial Activity-Quantitative Analysis -- 6.6 Washing Durability Test -- 6.7 Survey Results -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Product Development Using Cornhusk Fibres-A Sustainable Initiative -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Natural Plant Fibres -- 1.2 Textile and Non-textile Applications of Natural Cellulosic Fibres -- 1.3 Unconventional Natural Cellulosic Fibres -- 1.4 Corn and Cornhusk Fibres -- 1.5 Various Applications of Corn in Textiles -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Manufacturing of Rope/Mats -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Yarn and Fabric Formation -- 3.2 Manufacturing of Rope/Mats -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Organic Cotton: Fibre to Fashion -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Cotton Fibre -- 2.1 Facts About Conventional Cotton Cultivation -- 3 Organic Clothing-Need of Future -- 4 Organic Cotton -- 4.1 Why Wear Organic? -- 5 Cultivation of Organic Cotton -- 5.1 Seed Preparation -- 5.2 Soil Fertility. , 5.3 Crop Rotation -- 5.4 Cover Cropping -- 5.5 Pest and Weed Management -- 5.6 Harvesting -- 5.7 Post-Harvesting Operations -- 6 Advantages of Organic Cotton Cultivation -- 6.1 Environmentally Friendly Technology -- 6.2 Cultivation Cost Reduction -- 6.3 Insecticide Resistance Management -- 7 Advantages of Organic Cotton Fibre -- 8 Roadmap for Organic Cotton -- 9 Economic Viability of Organic Cotton -- 9.1 Control of Pests -- 9.2 The Most Difficult Challenge -- 10 GOTS-Global Organic Textile Standards -- 10.1 Certification Process of GOTS -- 11 Organic Production Constraints -- 12 World Organic Cotton Production -- 13 Organic Fibre Properties -- 14 Ginning -- 15 Spinning of Organic Cotton Yarn -- 16 Fabric Manufacturing -- 17 Wet Processing of Organic Cotton Fabric -- 18 Application of Enzymes in Organic Cotton Processing -- 18.1 Enzyme Source -- 18.2 Genetically Modified Organism -- 18.3 Use of GMOs to Produce Enzymes -- 18.4 GOTS-Prohibited/Restricted Inputs in All Production Stages During Organic Cotton Processing -- 18.5 Alternatives to GMO Enzymes -- 19 Garment Manufacturing -- 19.1 Garment Manufacturing Process Flow Chart -- 19.2 Waste Generation in the Apparel Industry: An Overview -- 19.3 Zero Waste Concept -- 19.4 Zero Waste Fashion Techniques for Organic Cotton Clothing -- 19.5 Trims and Accessories -- 20 Retailing -- 21 Conclusion -- References.

Note: Intro -- Contents -- About the Editor -- Water Footprint of Fruits in Arid and Semi-arid Regions -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Data Source and Methodology -- 2.1 Calculation of Water footprint components -- 2.2 Economical Value of Water Footprint -- 3 Water footprint components in date palm -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Cultivation Area, Crop Yield, Production, and Chemical Fertilizer Consumption -- 3.3 Water Footprint (WF) and Water Footprint Economic Value (WFEV) -- 3.4 Volume of WFCs in Each Cultivars -- 4 Water Footprint in Almond -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 The Cultivation Area, Crop Yield, Production, and Chemical Fertilizer of Almond Production -- 4.3 Almond Water Footprint in Iran -- 4.4 Economic Values of Water Footprint (WFEV) in Almond -- 4.5 Volumes of Water Footprint Components in Almond Production -- 5 Water Footprint in Walnuts -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 The Sown Area, Total Production, and Yield of Walnut Production -- 5.3 Walnut Water Footprint in Iran -- 5.4 Economic values of water footprint (WFEV) in walnut -- 5.5 Volumes of Water Footprint Components in Walnut Production -- 6 Conclusion and Summary -- References -- Appraising the Water Status in Egypt Through the Application of the Virtual Water Principle in the Agricultural Sector -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Material and Methods -- 2.1 Calculating the Virtual Water for Agricultural Crops -- 2.2 Calculation of the Virtual Water for Agricultural Products -- 2.3 Water Footprint and Its Indicators -- 2.4 Food Security and Food Self-sufficiency in Egypt -- 3 Results and Discussions -- 3.1 Virtual Water for Agricultural Crops -- 3.2 The Virtual Water for Agricultural Products -- 3.3 Indicators of Water Footprint -- 3.4 Food Security and Food Self-sufficiency -- 3.5 The Volume of Virtual Water Required for Self-sufficiency -- 4 Conclusion -- Appendices. , Appendix 1: The Virtual Water Volume for Selected Crops -- Appendix 2: Consumption and Food Gap for Wheat, Rice and Maize Crops -- Appendix 3A: Self-sufficiency Ratio SSR for the Wheat Crop -- Appendix 3B: Self-sufficiency Ratio SSR for the Maize Crop -- Appendix 4: Required Water Needed for Crops (million m3) -- References -- Cereal Water Footprint in Arid and Semi-arid Regions: Past, Today and Future -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Water Resources Management -- 1.2 Importance of Cereals for Food Security -- 1.3 Importance of Water Footprint -- 2 Arid and Semi-arid Regions -- 3 Water Footprint (WF) Calculation -- 4 Cereal Water Footprint in Past and Today -- 4.1 Cereal Water Footprint in Different Regions of the World -- 4.2 Cereal Water Footprint in Iran -- 4.3 Cereal Water Footprint in Qazvin Plain -- 5 Cereal Water Footprint in the Future -- 5.1 Climate Change Scenarios -- 5.2 Cereal Water Footprint in Different Regions of the World in Future -- 5.3 Maize Water Footprint in Qazvin Plain in Future -- 5.4 Wheat Water Footprint in Qazvin Plain in Future -- 6 Cereal Water Footprint Improvement -- 7 Water Shortage: Management and Consequences -- References -- Environmental Footprints of Hydrogen from Crops -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Overview of the Current Hydrogen Industry -- 3 Hydrogen from Crops: Thermochemical Processes -- 3.1 Steam Reforming -- 3.2 Dry Reforming -- 3.3 Partial Oxidation and Autothermal Reforming -- 3.4 Pyrolysis -- 4 Hydrogen from Crops: Biological Processes -- 5 Electrolysis as an Alternative for Green Hydrogen Production -- 6 Environmental Footprints of Hydrogen Production -- 6.1 Gray, Blue, and Green Hydrogen -- 6.2 Hydrogen from Biomass -- 6.3 Biological Hydrogen -- 7 Conclusions and Key Challenges for a Greener Hydrogen Matrix -- References. , Designing an Energy Use Analysis and Life Cycle Assessment of the Environmental Sustainability of Conservation Agriculture Wheat Farming in Bangladesh -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Study Site, Design, and Soil Sampling -- 2.2 Soil Tillage and Agronomic Management Practices -- 2.3 LCA Modeling -- 2.4 Data Analysis -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Energy Use Analysis -- 3.2 Energy Indicators in Wheat Farming -- 3.3 Assessment of Life Cycle GHG Emission and Carbon Footprint -- 3.4 Net Life Cycle GHG emission -- 4 Conclusion -- References.

Note: Front Cover -- Contents -- Preface -- Editor -- Contributors -- Chapter 1: The Science of Carbon Footprint Assessment -- Chapter 2: Challenges and Merits of Choosing Alternative Functional Units -- Chapter 3: Methodology for Carbon Footprint Calculation in Crop and Livestock Production -- Chapter 4: End of Life Scenarios and the Carbon Footprint of Wood Cladding -- Chapter 5: Carbon Footprints and Greenhouse Gas Emission Savings of Alternative Synthetic Biofuels -- Chapter 6: Issues in Making Food Production GHG Efficient : Challenges before Carbon Footprinting -- Chapter 7: Modeling the Carbon Footprint of Wood-Based Products and Buildings -- Chapter 8: Applications of Carbon Footprint in Urban Planning and Geography -- Chapter 9: Quantifying Spatial-Temporal Variability of Carbon Stocks and Fluxes in Urban Soils : From Local Monitoring to Regional Modeling -- Chapter 10: Urban Carbon Footprint Evaluation of a Central Chinese City : The Case of Zhengzhou City -- Chapter 11: Carbon Footprint Estimation from a Building Sector in India -- Chapter 12: The Carbon Footprint of Dwelling Construction in Spain -- Chapter 13: Carbon Footprint : Calculations and Sensitivity Analysis for Cow Milk Produced in Flanders, a Belgian Region -- Chapter 14: Digitizing the Assessment of Embodied Energy and Carbon Footprint of Buildings Using Emerging Building Information Modeling -- Chapter 15: Product Carbon Footprint : Case Study of a Critical Electronic Part (Subassembly of a Product) -- Chapter 16: GHG Emissions from Municipal Wastewater Treatment in Latin America -- Chapter 17: Carbon Footprint of the Operation and Products of a Restaurant : A Study and Alternative Perspectives -- Chapter 18: Cultivation of Microalgae : Implications for the Carbon Footprint of Aquaculture and Agriculture Industries -- Chapter 19: Carbon Footprint of Agricultural Products. , Chapter 20: The Carbon Footprint of Sugar Production in Eastern Batangas, Philippines -- Chapter 21: A Two-Phase Carbon Footprint Management Framework : A Case Study on the Rockwool Supply Chain -- Chapter 22: Product Carbon Footprint Estimation of a Ton of Paper : Case Study of a Paper Production Unit in West Bengal, India -- Chapter 23: Product Carbon Footprint Assessment of a Personal Electronic Product : Case Study of an Electronic Scale -- Back Cover.

Note: Front Cover -- Assessing the Environmental Impact of Textiles and the Clothing Supply Chain -- Copyright -- Contents -- Author contact details -- Woodhead Publishing Series in Textiles -- 1: The textile supply chain and its environmental impact -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 The textile supply chain: an overview -- 1.3 The production of natural fi bres -- 1.4 The production of synthetic fi bres -- 1.5 Spinning -- 1.6 Fabric manufacture -- 1.7 Finishing processes -- 1.8 Apparel manufacture -- 1.9 Distribution and retail -- 1.10 Usage and disposal -- 1.11 Summary: key challenges in assessing and reducing environmental impacts -- 1.12 Sources of further information and advice -- 1.13 References -- 2: Ways of measuring the environmental impact of textile processing: an overview -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Ways of measuring the environmental impact of textile processing and textile products -- 2.3 Environmental legislation relating to textiles -- 2.4 Current environmental standards and schemes in the industry -- 2.5 Summary: key methods reviewed in this book -- 2.6 Sources of further information and advice -- 2.7 References -- 3: Textile processing and greenhouse gas emissions: methods for calculating the product carbon footprint (PCF) of textile products -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 The main principles of carbon footprint measurement -- 3.3 Carbon footprint assessment methodology -- 3.4 Applications of product carbon footprint (PCF) assessment to key stages in the supply chain -- 3.5 Application of PCF assessment in textiles -- 3.6 Summary: key challenges in calculating the PCF in textiles -- 3.7 Sources of further information and advice -- 3.8 References -- 4: Calculating the water and energy footprints of textile products -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Water footprints: an introduction -- 4.3 Methods for assessing water footprints. , 4.4 Applications of water footprint assessment to key stages in the textile supply chain -- 4.5 Energy footprints: introduction and methods of assessment -- 4.6 Applications of energy footprint assessment to key stages in the textile supply chain -- 4.7 Summary: key challenges in calculating water and energy footprints -- 4.8 Sources of further information and advice -- 4.9 References -- 5: Textile processing and resource depletion: calculating the ecological footprint of textile products -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Main principles and methods -- 5.3 Application to key stages in the supply chain -- 5.4 Summary: key challenges in calculating ecological footprints (EFs) in textiles -- 5.5 Sources of further information and advice -- 5.6 References -- 6: Estimating the overall environmental impact of textile processing: life cycle assessment (LCA) of textile products -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 History of life cycle assessment (LCA) -- 6.3 Basic principles of LCA -- 6.4 LCA goal and scope defi nition -- 6.5 Life cycle inventory analysis -- 6.6 Life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) -- 6.7 Life cycle interpretation -- 6.8 Standards for LCA -- 6.9 Different LCA methods -- 6.10 Different LCIA methods -- 6.11 Tools for calculation of LCAs -- 6.12 Advantages and limitations of LCA -- 6.13 Summary -- 6.14 Sources of further information and advice -- 6.15 References -- 7: Life cycle assessment (LCA) and product carbon footprint (PCF) modelling of textile products -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Modelling for product carbon footprint (PCF) and life cycle assessment (LCA) of textile products -- 7.3 Available databases for LCA and PCF modelling of textiles and the clothing supply chain -- 7.4 Key issues in using databases -- 7.5 Diffi culties in modelling and simulation -- 7.6 Summary -- 7.7 Sources of further information and advice -- 7.8 References. , 8: End-of-life management of textile products -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 End-of-life product management options -- 8.3 Reuse of textile products -- 8.4 Recycling of textile products -- 8.5 Incineration and landfi lling of textile products -- 8.6 Biodegradation of textile products -- 8.7 Summary -- 8.8 Sources of further information and advice -- 8.9 References -- 9: Measuring the environmental impact of textiles in practice: calculating the product carbon footprint (PCF) and life cycle assess -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Cotton clothing: life cycle assessment (LCA) studies of T-shirts -- 9.3 Cotton clothing: LCA studies of jeans -- 9.4 Woollen clothing: LCA study of a sweater -- 9.5 Synthetic clothing: LCA studies of polyester garments -- 9.6 Linen textiles: LCA of a linen shirt -- 9.7 Technical textiles: LCA studies of medical textile products -- 9.8 Nonwovens: LCA studies of nappies (diapers) -- 9.9 Summary -- 9.10 Sources of further information and advice -- 9.11 References -- 10: Assessing the environmental impact of textiles: summary and conclusions -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Which assessment methods to use and when -- 10.3 Current problems in environmental assessment -- 10.4 Future trends -- 10.5 Sources of further information and advice -- 10.6 References -- Index.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Environmental Sustainability of Handloom Sector -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Handloom Fabric Manufacturing Process -- 3 Impact of Handloom Industry on Environment -- 4 Sustainability -- 4.1 Aspects of Sustainability -- 5 Environmental Sustainability of Handloom Sector -- 5.1 Waste Minimization -- 5.2 Use of Sustainable Fibres -- 5.3 Sustainability of the Handloom Sector -- 5.4 Sustainable Wet Processing in Handloom Sector -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Sustainability, Culture and Handloom Product Diversities with Indian Perspective -- 1 Introduction: Cultural Intervention and Handloom Product Diversities in India -- 2 Handloom Weavers, Their Products and Culture, Environmental Aspects-Sustainability -- 3 Conclusions and Recommendations -- References -- Teaching About "Fibre": Between Art and Contemporary Design -- 1 Overview of the Topic -- 2 Presentation of Work Stages -- References -- Handweaving as a Catalyst for Sustainability -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Context -- 2.1 Craft, Design and Handweaving -- 2.2 An Arts and Crafts Model for Sustainability -- 2.3 Handweaving and the Circular Economy -- 3 Hands-On Case Study -- 3.1 Methods -- 3.2 Analysis -- 3.3 Findings -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Handloom-The Challenges and Opportunities -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Need for Value-Addition -- 3 Value-Added Handloom Textiles -- 3.1 Dyeing of Eri with Natural Colour -- 3.2 Printing and Painting with Natural Colour -- 3.3 Batik Work with Natural Colour -- 3.4 Eco-Friendly Woven Apparels -- 4 Conclusion -- References.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Handloom: Resistance to Time and Challenges -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Handloom and Handcrafted Textile Practice Over Time -- 3 Case Study: Considerations About Product, Craftswomen, and Market -- 4 Considerations on Challenges and Possible Actions -- 5 Final Considerations -- References -- Honoring Artisanship Over Skilled Labor: The Solution to Sustaining Indian Handloom -- 1 Traditional Handloom in India Today -- 1.1 Handloom as Craft and Art -- 2 Case Studies -- 2.1 Case One: Value Through Education for Weavers of Kutch -- 2.2 Case Two: Kara Weaves, Challenging the Ordinary -- 3 Summary -- References -- Sustainable Carpet and Rug Hand Weaving in Uşak Province of Turkey -- 1 Introduction -- 2 History of Hand Weaving -- 3 Carpet and Rug Hand Weaving -- 3.1 Kirkit Hand Weavings -- 3.2 Traditional Rug Hand Weavings -- 3.3 Traditional Carpet Hand Weavings -- 4 Patterns and Motifs Used in Turkish Hand-Woven Carpets and Rugs and Their Meanings -- 5 Rug and Carpet Hand Weaving in Uşak City -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Sustainable Development in the Handloom Industry -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Outline of the Handloom Division -- 3 Swot Analysis of the Handloom Division -- 4 Employment Generating Sector -- 5 Distribution of Handloom Workers by Gender -- 6 Geographical Distribution of Handlooms -- 7 Current Status of the Handloom Industry in India -- 8 Important Aspects of Handloom Sector -- 9 Manpower Perspective -- 10 Machinery Perspective -- 11 Material Perspective -- 12 Market Perspective -- 13 Money Perspective -- 14 Approach for Sustainability of the Handloom Sector -- 15 Problems of Handloom Sector -- 16 Strategy Suitable for Handloom Sector -- 17 Rise of Handloom to a Global Industry -- 18 Challenges of Handloom Industry -- 19 Scenario of Handloom Industry During COVID-19 -- 20 Potency of the Handloom Industry. , 21 The Impact of e-commerce -- 22 Modernization in Handloom Sector -- 23 Sustainability of the Handloom Sector -- 24 Conclusion -- References -- Value Addition in Handloom Textile Products for Sustainability -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Conclusion -- References -- My Loom and Me: The Role of the Handloom in a Weaver's Identity Creation -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Handloom Weaving and the Identity Process -- 2.1 Identity Process -- 2.2 Social Sustainability and the Weavers -- 3 Methodology -- 4 Findings -- 4.1 Loom Equals Office Space -- 4.2 Loom as Part of Way of Life -- 4.3 Loom and Fear of Foreign Take Over -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Societal Sustainability of Handloom Sector in Tamil Nadu-A Case Study -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Sustainability Issues in the Handloom Industry -- 3 Survey and Research Method -- 3.1 Location and Sample Selection -- 3.2 Questionnaire Structure -- 4 Statistical Analysis -- 4.1 Henry Garett Ranking Technique -- 5 Results and Discussions -- 5.1 Personal Information Analysis -- 5.2 Production-Related Problems -- 5.3 Weaver-Related Problems -- 5.4 Marketing-Related Problems -- 5.5 Health-Related Problems -- 6 Discussion on the Results -- 7 Limitations of the Study -- 8 Summary and Suggestion -- Appendix I: Questionnaire -- References.