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  • CSIRO Publishing  (3)
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  • CSIRO Publishing  (3)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Chemistry, radiocarbon ages, and development of a subtropical acid peat in Queensland, Australia
    CSIRO Publishing ; 2004
    In:  Soil Research Vol. 42, No. 4 ( 2004), p. 411-
    Details
    In: Soil Research, CSIRO Publishing, Vol. 42, No. 4 ( 2004), p. 411-
    Abstract: A subtropical peat, developed on a costal plain in southern Queensland, has been studied with respect to its morphology, radiocarbon (14C) age, total organic carbon (C) content, stable C isotopic (δ13C) values, and spectroscopic characteristics (13C-NMR and FTIR). The combination of techniques allowed for an interpretation of changes in peat development over time, an assessment of paleoclimatic changes that apparently occurred during peat growth, and a comparison with perched lake sediments on Fraser Island.Geochemical data from the peat showed a relative increase in abundance of aromatic C (which may include charcoal) from the Pleistocene to the early Holocene and much decreased abundances of aromatic C thereafter. This trend may be due to changes in fire frequency from the Pleistocene–early Holocene (high fire frequency) to the early and middle Holocene (relatively low fire frequency). This interpretation is consistent with other published data from this area, showing increased aridity, increased fire frequency and dominance of sclerophyll forest during the late Pleistocene–early Holocene.Another significant geochemical change in the acid peat occurred within the middle to late Holocene. This period is characterised by highly 13C-depleted organic matter and a comparably high alkyl C (lipid) content. These data are interpreted as indicating wetter and year-round waterlogged conditions, possibly associated with poor drainage during the Holocene sea level maximum c. 5500–3000 years BP. By comparison, abundance of alkyl C decreased and δ13C values increased in the latest Holocene. The geochemical data from the acid peat point to the occurrence of a dry phase during the late Pleistocene to early Holocene and a wet phase in the middle to late Holocene, followed by another dry phase. These data correspond well with published data of 2 phases of dune formation (dry periods) in the early to middle Holocene and in the latest Holocene for North Queensland.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1838-675X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1071/SR03144
    Language: English
    Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
    Publication Date: 2004
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Importance of mechanisms and processes of the stabilisation of soil organic matter for modelling carbon turnover
    CSIRO Publishing ; 2003
    In:  Functional Plant Biology Vol. 30, No. 2 ( 2003), p. 207-
    Details
    In: Functional Plant Biology, CSIRO Publishing, Vol. 30, No. 2 ( 2003), p. 207-
    Abstract: This paper reviews current knowledge of soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics with respect to physical protection, soil moisture and temperature, and recalcitrant carbon fractions (such as charcoal) in predominantly agricultural soils. These factors are discussed within the framework of current soil organic matter models. The importance of soil structure in the stabilisation of organic residues through physical protection has been documented previously in various studies. In addition, changes in soil structure associated with tillage can significantly affect soil organic matter decomposition rates. The concept of physical protection has been incorporated into several soil carbon models as a function of soil texture. While soil texture can affect the soil's capacity for aggregation and adsorption, factors such as soil moisture and temperature may further enhance or reduce the extent of physical protection. While adsorption and aggregation can slow decomposition processes, it is unlikely that these processes are solely responsible for the high mean residence times measured in biologically active surface soils. Accordingly, chemical recalcitrance appears to be the only mechanism by which soil organic carbon can be protected for long periods of time.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1445-4408
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1071/FP02085
    Language: English
    Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
    Publication Date: 2003
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Assessment of vegetation change and landscape variability by using stable carbon isotopes of soil organic matter
    CSIRO Publishing ; 2005
    In:  Australian Journal of Botany Vol. 53, No. 7 ( 2005), p. 651-
    Details
    In: Australian Journal of Botany, CSIRO Publishing, Vol. 53, No. 7 ( 2005), p. 651-
    Abstract: Stable carbon isotopic (δ13C) analyses of soil organic matter (SOM) have been used in the past to characterise C3–C4 vegetation changes. However, the temporal and spatial resolution of these isotopic data are not well established. Here, we present data from δ13C analyses of whole and size-separated SOM, which are discussed in conjunction with organic (total organic carbon (TOC) content) and inorganic (%clay) soil data. These data are put into context with the current vegetation state (assessed from tree size-class distribution) and the 50-year vegetation history (assessed from aerial photographs). By linking below- and above-ground datasets, we show that δ13C analyses of SOM can accurately record vegetation-change histories over short- (10 and 50years) and longer-term (hundreds of years) time scales. Our data also show that spatial variability was relatively small for the clay TOC content but was much larger for δ13C data, indicating that the number of soil cores required for statistical significance is highly dependent on the kind of measurements intended. Finally, interpretation of δ13C data from SOM to assess the history of C3–C4 vegetation change is complicated by the inherent 13C-enrichment of SOM, owing to decomposition processes, which occurs regardless of vegetation change. We suggest a method for distinguishing 13C-enrichment of SOM that is due to soil-inherent (decomposition-related) processes from 13C-enrichment that is due to increased inputs of C4 organic matter.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0067-1924
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1071/BT04124
    Language: English
    Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
    Publication Date: 2005
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496155-6
    SSG: 12
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