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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ecology of the western bearded dragon (Pogona minor) in unmined forest and forest restored after bauxite mining in south-west Western Australia
    CSIRO Publishing ; 2007
    In:  Australian Journal of Zoology Vol. 55, No. 2 ( 2007), p. 107-
    Details
    In: Australian Journal of Zoology, CSIRO Publishing, Vol. 55, No. 2 ( 2007), p. 107-
    Abstract: Forest areas restored after mining typically take decades, or longer, before they resemble the original vegetation community. Understanding how fauna succession varies with plant succession requires detailed knowledge of an animal’s ecology. Knowledge of an animal’s ecology can also be used to predict faunal responses to management manipulations and enable techniques to be developed that accelerate the return of fauna to restored sites. We radio-tracked western bearded dragons (Pogona minor) in a mix of unmined forest sites and sites restored after bauxite mining, in the jarrah forest of south-west Western Australia, to determine critical resources and important microhabitats for dragons. Dragons were generalists – utilising a range of microhabitats – and adaptable, adjusting their microhabitat use depending on availability. Individuals also differed significantly in their microhabitat use and did not appear to have a defined home range. We concluded that the species would rapidly recolonise restored sites and that no modifications to current restoration practices were required to accelerate their return. Prescribed burning of restored areas could negatively affect this species but the effect would be short-term ( 〈 2 years). The approach used in this study could be used to develop management prescriptions that accelerate the return of late-successional species to restored sites.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0004-959X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1071/ZO07002
    Language: English
    Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
    Publication Date: 2007
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Relationship between the common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) and tuart (Eucalyptus gomphocephala) tree decline in Western Australia
    CSIRO Publishing ; 2020
    In:  Australian Mammalogy Vol. 42, No. 1 ( 2020), p. 67-
    Details
    In: Australian Mammalogy, CSIRO Publishing, Vol. 42, No. 1 ( 2020), p. 67-
    Abstract: Forest canopy loss due to plant pathogens, insect or abiotic factors significantly alters habitat and resource availability for animals, which has flow-on effects for whole ecosystems. The tuart (Eucalyptus gomphocephala) has been in decline throughout its geographic range; this is likely associated with watertable and salinity changes, although a plant pathogen (Phytophthora multivora) has also been implicated. We examined the relative abundance of common brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) across 12 sites (each 0.72 ha) selected on the basis of the health of dominant tuart trees (six ‘healthy’ and six ‘declining’ sites). Habitat variables (understorey, tuart dimensions and density, tree hollows, tree-to-trap distance) and tuart tree health (crown loss, epicormic regrowth) were compared with possum abundance. Possums were detected at most sites. There was no significant difference between brushtail possum numbers at ‘healthy’ or ‘declining’ sites, although marginally more possums were recorded at declining sites (5.7 ± 1.5 (s.e.), n = 6 sites) compared with healthy sites (3.3 ± 0.7; Cohen’s effect size d = 0.80). Slightly higher abundance of possums was associated with sites that had a greater density of smaller-diameter but taller tuart trees. ‘Declining’ sites, with more epicormic regrowth and greater tree densities, may provide more palatable food resources for possums.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0310-0049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1071/AM18019
    Language: English
    Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
    Publication Date: 2020
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    How many mature microhabitats does a slow-recolonising reptile require? Implications for restoration of bauxite minesites in south-western Australia
    CSIRO Publishing ; 2011
    In:  Australian Journal of Zoology Vol. 59, No. 1 ( 2011), p. 9-
    Details
    In: Australian Journal of Zoology, CSIRO Publishing, Vol. 59, No. 1 ( 2011), p. 9-
    Abstract: If we are to accelerate the recolonisation of restored areas by slow-recolonising species, we must provide suitable microhabitats at appropriate densities. Previous research in south-western Australia has shown that Napoleon’s skink (Egernia napoleonis) rarely recolonises restored areas. We trapped Napoleon’s skink in restoration and unmined forest to confirm the species was late successional. We also radio-tracked six skinks in unmined forest, to determine types and characteristics of used microhabitats, and estimated home ranges to determine required microhabitat densities, with the aim of accelerating skink recolonisation of restored areas. All tracked skinks used logs and hollow-bearing trees. Used logs were larger, and used trees were larger and taller than random samples, probably because large logs and trees were more likely to contain cracks and hollows that provide a refuge from predators. Extrapolations from home-range estimates indicated that a minimum of four logs ha–1 are required in restored areas to facilitate recolonisation by skinks, with skink densities likely to increase with log densities. Our study demonstrated that not all fauna will naturally recolonise restored areas and management of these areas is required to provide suitable habitat for late-successional species. Our approach could potentially be applied to other ecosystems or species.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0004-959X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1071/ZO10046
    Language: English
    Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
    Publication Date: 2011
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    The plant pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi influences habitat use by the obligate nectarivore honey possum (Tarsipes rostratus)
    CSIRO Publishing ; 2016
    In:  Australian Journal of Zoology Vol. 64, No. 2 ( 2016), p. 122-
    Details
    In: Australian Journal of Zoology, CSIRO Publishing, Vol. 64, No. 2 ( 2016), p. 122-
    Abstract: Introduced plant pathogens can devastate susceptible plant communities, and consequently impact on animal communities reliant on plants for food and habitat. Specifically, plant pathogens change the floristic diversity of vegetation communities, thereby reducing availability of food sources for fauna (e.g. pollen and nectar) and result in major changes to habitat structure when canopy and understorey plant species succumb to disease. Phytophthora cinnamomi poses a threat to flowering plant species (e.g. Banksia species) which are important food sources for nectarivorous fauna. The honey possum (Tarsipes rostratus) is the only obligate nectarivorous non-flying mammal living on a restrictive diet of nectar and pollen; consequently, these tiny mammals are likely to be particularly vulnerable to the landscape-wide devastation caused by P. cinnamomi. We investigated habitat selection by honey possums in a vegetation community infested with P. cinnamomi to determine how these mammals respond to habitat affected by this pathogen. Over four seasons, 18 honey possums were fitted with radio-transmitters and tracked to identify habitat preferences. Vegetation surveys were compared for locations selected by honey possums (as determined from tracking) and randomly selected sites. Radio-tracking revealed that sites selected by honey possums were significantly taller, denser, and more floristically diverse than their paired random locations. The presence of P. cinnamomi influences habitat use by honey possums, but animals show resilience in terms of using the best of what is available in both P. cinnamomi–affected and unaffected locations. Habitat patches comprising less susceptible species, or plants that have yet to succumb to infection, provide refuge and food resources for honey possums. Management to reduce the spread of existing P. cinnamomi infestations and prevent contamination of new locations will benefit vegetation communities and associated faunal communities, while identifying honey possum food plant species that are resilient to the pathogen may support revegetation attempts.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0004-959X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1071/ZO16019
    Language: English
    Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
    Publication Date: 2016
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Does habitat structure influence capture probabilities? A study of reptiles in a eucalypt forest
    CSIRO Publishing ; 2009
    In:  Wildlife Research Vol. 36, No. 6 ( 2009), p. 509-
    Details
    In: Wildlife Research, CSIRO Publishing, Vol. 36, No. 6 ( 2009), p. 509-
    Abstract: Pitfall traps are commonly used to examine differences in reptile communities among habitat types and disturbance regimes that differ in structure. However, capture rates and probabilities may be influenced by habitat structure, which invalidates comparisons of relative abundance among habitat types. To assess whether pitfall traps provide accurate reflections of density and whether habitat structure affects capture probabilities, we trapped at six sites in various jarrah-forest habitat types in south-western Australia, then intensively searched 150-m2 total-removal plots around each pitfall grid to obtain absolute densities of reptiles. Pitfall captures were significantly correlated with numbers on total-removal plots for Hemiergis initialis and Lerista distinguenda, indicating that pitfall traps provided accurate reflections of density for these species. Capture probabilities of H. initialis and L. distinguenda and all reptiles combined showed no significant correlations with any structural variables, indicating that capture probabilities were consistent across sites. We conclude that trapping provided accurate estimates of relative abundance for some species and that capture probabilities were not influenced by vegetation structure. Because many studies use trapping to estimate abundances among habitat types, we encourage researchers to investigate how vegetation structure influences capture probabilities, so that general patterns can be determined; we also suggest improvements for any future studies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1035-3712
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1071/WR09014
    Language: English
    Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
    Publication Date: 2009
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 23
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Distribution and diversity of Phytophthora across Australia
    CSIRO Publishing ; 2017
    In:  Pacific Conservation Biology Vol. 23, No. 2 ( 2017), p. 150-
    Details
    In: Pacific Conservation Biology, CSIRO Publishing, Vol. 23, No. 2 ( 2017), p. 150-
    Abstract: The introduction and subsequent impact of Phytophthora cinnamomi within native vegetation is one of the major conservation issues for biodiversity in Australia. Recently, many new Phytophthora species have been described from Australia’s native ecosystems; however, their distribution, origin, and potential impact remain unknown. Historical bias in Phytophthora detection has been towards sites showing symptoms of disease, and traditional isolation methods show variable effectiveness of detecting different Phytophthora species. However, we now have at our disposal new techniques based on the sampling of environmental DNA and metabarcoding through the use of high-throughput sequencing. Here, we report on the diversity and distribution of Phytophthora in Australia using metabarcoding of 640 soil samples and we compare the diversity detected using this technique with that available in curated databases. Phytophthora was detected in 65% of sites, and phylogenetic analysis revealed 68 distinct Phytophthora phylotypes. Of these, 21 were identified as potentially unique taxa and 25 were new detections in natural areas and/or new introductions to Australia. There are 66 Phytophthora taxa listed in Australian databases, 43 of which were also detected in this metabarcoding study. This study revealed high Phytophthora richness within native vegetation and the additional records provide a valuable baseline resource for future studies. Many of the Phytophthora species now uncovered in Australia’s native ecosystems are newly described and until more is known we need to be cautious with regard to the spread and conservation management of these new species in Australia’s unique ecosystems.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1038-2097
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1071/PC16032
    Language: English
    Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
    Publication Date: 2017
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 23
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    The potential of five Western Australian native Acacia species for biological control of Phytophthora cinnamomi
    CSIRO Publishing ; 2004
    In:  Australian Journal of Botany Vol. 52, No. 2 ( 2004), p. 267-
    Details
    In: Australian Journal of Botany, CSIRO Publishing, Vol. 52, No. 2 ( 2004), p. 267-
    Abstract: Five Acacia species native to Western Australia were assessed for their potential to protect the highly susceptible species Banksia grandis Wield from infection by the plant pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands. In a rehabilitated bauxite pit at Jarrahdale 55 km south-east of Perth and in a glasshouse trial, B. grandis planted either alone or with A. pulchella R.Br., A. urophylla Benth., A. extensa Lindl., A. lateriticola Maslin or A. drummondii Lindl., was soil inoculated with P. cinnamomi. It could only be shown that A. pulchella significantly protected B. grandis from P. cinnamomi infection in the rehabilitated bauxite pit trial up to 1 year after inoculation. This confirms the potential of this species for biological control of the pathogen in infested plant communities. The observed protection was not the result of a decrease in soil temperature or moisture. Protection was not emulated in a glasshouse trial where optimum environmental conditions favoured P. cinnamomi. Despite a delay in infection of B. grandis planted with Acacia spp., none of the five species definitively protected B. grandis from P. cinnamomi. However, in the glasshouse trial, A. pulchella, A. extensa, A. lateriticola and A. drummondii did significantly reduce the soil inoculum of P. cinnamomi, indicating a possible biological control effect on the pathogen. The mechanisms of biological control are discussed and the implications for management of rehabilitated bauxite mined areas and forests severely affected by P. cinnamomi are considered.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0067-1924
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1071/BT03089
    Language: English
    Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
    Publication Date: 2004
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496155-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Avian community changes following drought-induced canopy collapse in a Mediterranean-type forest
    CSIRO Publishing ; 2022
    In:  Pacific Conservation Biology Vol. 29, No. 4 ( 2022-9-19), p. 312-324
    Details
    In: Pacific Conservation Biology, CSIRO Publishing, Vol. 29, No. 4 ( 2022-9-19), p. 312-324
    Abstract: Context Extreme drought can result in the widespread die-off of forests and dramatically altered ecosystem structure. Such changes are likly to influence fauna using resouces within these forests. Aims Following a record hot and dry year/summer in 2010/11, large-scale canopy collapse occurred within a Mediterranean-type mixed jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata)–marri (Corymbia calophylla) forest in south-west Western Australia. We investigated the effects of this collapse on bird assemblages in 2016, 5 years after the initial collapse. Methods We carried out bird surveys using a standardised search method for five paired drought-affected and adjacent healthy forest plots. Key results A total of 3042 records of 51 bird species were observed across all surveys. Overall, the pooled (mean ± s.d.) reporting rates for drought-affected plots (13.84 ± 0.60 individuals/survey) were significantly less than the reporting rates for healthy plots (34.44 ± 1.03 individuals/survey) (PERMANOVA: F1 = 54.94, R2 = 0.31, P = 0.001). Species diversity was also higher in healthy plots (t26 = 11.21, P  〈  0.001). Foliage-searching birds were the most abundant guild across all plots and were reported less often in drought-affected plots (t6 = 2.70, P  〈  0.04). Conclusions Drought-affected jarrah forest plots exhibited significant differences in bird assemblages compared to healthy plots. Overall, the drought-affected forest provides a less favourable habitat for birds compared to healthy forest. Implications With marked variability and extreme climate events predicted for the future, understanding the impacts of such changes will contribute to how we manage forest ecosystems.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1038-2097 , 2204-4604
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1071/PC22005
    Language: English
    Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
    Publication Date: 2022
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 23
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Flower visitation by honey possums (Tarsipes rostratus) in a coastal banksia heathland infested with the plant pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi
    CSIRO Publishing ; 2013
    In:  Australian Mammalogy Vol. 35, No. 2 ( 2013), p. 166-
    Details
    In: Australian Mammalogy, CSIRO Publishing, Vol. 35, No. 2 ( 2013), p. 166-
    Abstract: The honey possum (Tarsipes rostratus) is a tiny (7–10 g) obligate nectarivore endemic to south-west Western Australia that relies on high floristic diversity for year-round nectar and pollen resources. We investigated flower visitation by honey possums at a site in the presence of the plant pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi by sampling pollen on the head of captured and radio-tracked individuals. The aim of the study was to identify plant species that were visited and to compare these with known susceptibility to Phytophthora to assess the potential impact of further spread of the pathogen on honey possums. Nine plant taxa were regularly identified from pollen on honey possums, including four Banksia species. Six of the nine plant taxa identified (Banksia plumosa, Adenanthos cuneatus, Calothamnus gracilis, B. brunnea, B. nutans, B. tenuis) were most frequently visited by honey possums, each making up 〉 20% of pollen grains for at least one season. Five of the nine plant taxa are known to be susceptible to Phytophthora, which substantially changes vegetation composition in its wake. The inevitable spread of Phytophthora is postulated to result in the localised loss of resources for honey possums and is a concern for on-going conservation management.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0310-0049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1071/AM12044
    Language: English
    Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
    Publication Date: 2013
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Restoration treatments improve seedling establishment in a degraded Mediterranean-type Eucalyptus ecosystem
    CSIRO Publishing ; 2010
    In:  Australian Journal of Botany Vol. 58, No. 8 ( 2010), p. 646-
    Details
    In: Australian Journal of Botany, CSIRO Publishing, Vol. 58, No. 8 ( 2010), p. 646-
    Abstract: Restoration of degraded Mediterranean-type ecosystems (MTEs) with long, hot and dry summers is challenging. To develop management guidelines, we evaluated techniques that could improve seedling establishment in two degraded Eucalyptus gomphocephala DC (tuart) woodlands, given weed and herbivore control. These techniques aimed to mimic favourable conditions for species that primarily recruit following disturbance events (e.g. fire). Trial 1 investigated the response of 5-month-old seedlings and broadcast seed in plots that contained a created ashbed, were ripped, or were ripped and contained an ashbed. Trial 2 examined the response of 5-month-old seedlings to treatments providing a nutrient or moisture source (slow-release fertiliser tablet, chelating agent, slow-release fertiliser tablet plus chelating agent, zeolite, hydrated hydrophilic co-polymers and dry hydrophilic co-polymers). Results indicated that created ashbeds enhance establishment for a range of species and reduce weed cover, with or without ripping. Broadcast seeding was not successful in returning species to site. Higher growth rates were recorded in seedlings treated with a nutrient source. The present study has shown that it is possible to re-establish local plant species in degraded woodlands through several techniques that mimic disturbance (e.g. fire). Strong early growth may be the vital start seedlings need in MTEs in the face of reinvading weed species, herbivory and a drying climate.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0067-1924
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1071/BT10211
    Language: English
    Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496155-6
    SSG: 12
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