Publication Date:
2016-12-05
Description:
Atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide are tightly
linked to the depth at which sinking particulate organic carbon
(POC) is remineralised in the ocean. Rapid attenuation
of downward POC flux typically occurs in the upper
mesopelagic (top few hundred metres of the water column),
with much slower loss rates deeper in the ocean. Currently,
we lack understanding of the processes that drive POC attenuation,
resulting in large uncertainties in the mesopelagic
carbon budget. Attempts to balance the POC supply to
the mesopelagic with respiration by zooplankton and microbes
rarely succeed. Where a balance has been found,
depth-resolved estimates reveal large compensating imbalances
in the upper and lower mesopelagic. In particular,
it has been suggested that respiration by free-living microbes
and zooplankton in the upper mesopelagic are too
low to explain the observed flux attenuation of POC within
this layer. We test the hypothesis that particle-associated
microbes contribute significantly to community respiration
in the mesopelagic, measuring particle-associated microbial
respiration of POC in the northeast Atlantic through shipboard
measurements on individual marine snow aggregates
collected at depth (36–500 m). We find very low rates of
both absolute and carbon-specific particle-associated microbial
respiration (〈 3%d-1), suggesting that this term cannot
solve imbalances in the upper mesopelagic POC budget.
The relative importance of particle-associated microbial respiration
increases with depth, accounting for up to 33% of
POC loss in the mid-mesopelagic (128–500 m). We suggest
that POC attenuation in the upper mesopelagic (36–128 m)
is driven by the transformation of large, fast-sinking particles
to smaller, slow-sinking and suspended particles via processes
such as zooplankton fragmentation and solubilisation,
and that this shift to non-sinking POC may help to explain
imbalances in the mesopelagic carbon budget.
Repository Name:
EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
Type:
Article
,
peerRev
Format:
application/pdf
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