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  • 1
    In: The Analyst, Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC), Vol. 146, No. 15 ( 2021), p. 4905-4917
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-2654 , 1364-5528
    Language: English
    Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1472713-4
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Elsevier BV ; 1992
    In:  European Journal of Cancer Vol. 28, No. 4-5 ( 1992-4), p. 838-841
    In: European Journal of Cancer, Elsevier BV, Vol. 28, No. 4-5 ( 1992-4), p. 838-841
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0959-8049
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 1992
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1468190-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 82061-1
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  • 3
    In: ICES Journal of Marine Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 74, No. 7 ( 2017-10-01), p. 2040-2052
    Abstract: Modern approaches to Ecosystem-Based Management and sustainable use of marine resources must account for the myriad of pressures (interspecies, human and environmental) affecting marine ecosystems. The network of feeding interactions between co-existing species and populations (food webs) are an important aspect of all marine ecosystems and biodiversity. Here we describe and discuss a process to evaluate the selection of operational food-web indicators for use in evaluating marine ecosystem status. This process brought together experts in food-web ecology, marine ecology, and resource management, to identify available indicators that can be used to inform marine management. Standard evaluation criteria (availability and quality of data, conceptual basis, communicability, relevancy to management) were implemented to identify practical food-web indicators ready for operational use and indicators that hold promise for future use in policy and management. The major attributes of the final suite of operational food-web indicators were structure and functioning. Indicators that represent resilience of the marine ecosystem were less developed. Over 60 potential food-web indicators were evaluated and the final selection of operational food-web indicators includes: the primary production required to sustain a fishery, the productivity of seabirds (or charismatic megafauna), zooplankton indicators, primary productivity, integrated trophic indicators, and the biomass of trophic guilds. More efforts should be made to develop thresholds-based reference points for achieving Good Environmental Status. There is also a need for international collaborations to develop indicators that will facilitate management in marine ecosystems used by multiple countries.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1054-3139 , 1095-9289
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2017
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1468003-8
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  • 4
    In: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Canadian Science Publishing, Vol. 72, No. 1 ( 2015-01), p. 24-36
    Abstract: Studies reporting processes that may shape marine benthic communities under the seasonal scale are rare at depths 〉 50 m. In this study, the use of the VENUS multidisciplinary cabled observatory provided 2-month high-resolution data combining quantitative biology and environmental data in Saanich Inlet, a seasonally hypoxic fjord located on Vancouver Island (British Columbia, Canada). An ecological module equipped with a camera acquired a 3 min video clip every half hour during 2 months at 97 m depth in the oxygen fluctuation zone of the fjord. Results highlighted the role of the tidal cycle on species activity rhythms and confirmed the influence of oxygen fluctuations on benthic assemblage structure and species behaviour. However, environmental variables considered only explained a small proportion of the total variance in species data. This study demonstrates how seafloor observatories can be used to study species behaviour and community dynamics in relation to abiotic conditions by providing continuous access to multidisciplinary data.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0706-652X , 1205-7533
    Language: English
    Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
    Publication Date: 2015
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1473089-3
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2009
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science Vol. 66, No. 4 ( 2009-05-01), p. 754-762
    In: ICES Journal of Marine Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 66, No. 4 ( 2009-05-01), p. 754-762
    Abstract: Rochet, M-J. and Rice, J. C. 2009. Simulation-based management strategy evaluation: ignorance disguised as mathematics? – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 754–762. Simulation-based management strategy evaluations are increasingly developed and used for science advice in support of fisheries management, along with risk evaluation and decision analysis. These methods tackle the problem of uncertainty in fisheries systems and data by modelling uncertainty in two ways. For quantities that are difficult to measure accurately or are inherently variable, variables are replaced by probability distributions, and system dynamics are simulated by Monte Carlo simulations, drawing numbers from these distributions. For processes that are not fully understood, arrays of model formulations that might underlie the observed patterns are developed, each is assumed successively, and the results of the corresponding arrays of model results are then combined. We argue that these approaches have several paradoxical features. Stochastic modelling of uncertainty is paradoxical, because it implies knowing more than deterministic approaches: to know the distribution of a quantity requires more information than only estimating its expected value. To combine the results of Monte Carlo simulations with different model formulations may be paradoxical if outcomes of concern are unlikely under some formulations but very likely under others, whereas the reported uncertainty from combined results may produce a risk level that does not occur under any plausible assumed formulation. Moreover, risk estimates of the probability of undesirable outcomes are often statements about likelihood of events that were seldom observed and lie in the tails of the simulated distributions, where the results of Monte Carlo simulation are the least reliable. These potential paradoxes lead us to suggest that greater attention be given to alternative methods to evaluate risks or management strategies, such as qualitative methods and empirical post hoc analyses.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1095-9289 , 1054-3139
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2009
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2015
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science Vol. 72, No. 6 ( 2015-08-01), p. 1869-1881
    In: ICES Journal of Marine Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 72, No. 6 ( 2015-08-01), p. 1869-1881
    Abstract: The Nephrops fishery in the Bay of Biscay is an important commercial fishery which generates large amounts of discards owing to the use of small mesh trawls. To reduce discards, French trawlers were equipped with a variety of selective devices, from 2005 onwards. This study examines their efficacy using data from the French on-board observer programme, 2003–2010. Generalized linear models were built for catches, discards, and landings of Nephrops and hake, controlling for the other factors which drive the variability in these variables. A dorsal square-mesh panel meant to let small hake escape did not affect hake catch, but was found to decrease Nephrops catches and discards. Among the devices intended to reduce Nephrops discards, the flexible grid was the most efficient, as it decreased catches and discards in large proportions while increasing landings but this result was supported by a small number of observations; a larger mesh size in the codend (80 mm instead of 70) slightly decreased Nephrops discards; and a ventral square-mesh panel was not found to affect catch or discards of either species. The design of the on-board observer programme was meant to estimate discard amounts, which limited their utilization to investigate factors for discarding.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1095-9289 , 1054-3139
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2015
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2005
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science Vol. 62, No. 3 ( 2005-01-01), p. 516-527
    In: ICES Journal of Marine Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 62, No. 3 ( 2005-01-01), p. 516-527
    Abstract: We develop a framework for the objective selection of a suite of indicators for use in fisheries management. The framework encompasses eight steps, and provides guidance on pitfalls to be avoided at each step. Step 1 identifies user groups and their needs, featuring the setting of operational objectives, and Step 2 identifies a corresponding list of candidate indicators. Step 3 assigns weights to nine screening criteria for the candidate indicators: concreteness, theoretical basis, public awareness, cost, measurement, historic data, sensitivity, responsiveness, and specificity. Step 4 scores the indicators against the criteria, and Step 5 summarizes the results. Steps 3–5 offer technical aspects on which guidance is provided, including scoring standards for criteria and a generalized method for applying the standards when scoring individual indicators. Multi-criterion summarization methods are recommended for most applications. Steps 6 and 7 are concerned with deciding how many indicators are needed, and making the final selection of complementary suites of indicators. Ordinarily, these steps are done interactively with the users of the indicators, thus providing guidance on process rather than technical approach. Step 8 is the clear presentation to all users of the information contained. The discussion also includes the special case in which indicators are used in formal decision rules.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1095-9289 , 1054-3139
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2005
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2008
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science Vol. 65, No. 8 ( 2008-11-01), p. 1449-1455
    In: ICES Journal of Marine Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 65, No. 8 ( 2008-11-01), p. 1449-1455
    Abstract: Piet, G. J., Jansen, H. M., and Rochet, M-J. 2008. Evaluating potential indicators for an ecosystem approach to fishery management in European waters. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 1449–1455. This study describes the process of evaluating potential indicators for an ecosystem approach to fishery management in European waters by evaluating these indicators against existing criteria using questionnaires completed by experts. We (i) compare the use of a longer list of simple criteria with a shorter list of elaborate ones; (ii) compare evaluation results when screening criteria are applied to specific indicators vs. high-level headline indicators; and (iii) examine whether detailed questionnaires, with elaborate indicators and elaborate criteria, result in ranked scores that are less influenced by familiarity with the indicators. The results show that the ranked scores of indicators are affected by the level of detail, both in terms of criteria and indicators, provided in the questionnaires. It appears that adding detail to the questionnaires makes the scoring process more transparent and provides better founded scores; at a certain point, however, more-detailed indicators and/or more-detailed criteria result in decreased performance of the scoring process, reflecting mostly factors that do not determine the suitability of the indicator (e.g. the level of familiarity), while giving the false impression of a more thorough analysis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1095-9289 , 1054-3139
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2008
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2010
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science Vol. 67, No. 8 ( 2010-11-01), p. 1780-1784
    In: ICES Journal of Marine Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 67, No. 8 ( 2010-11-01), p. 1780-1784
    Abstract: Mesnil, B., and Rochet, M-J. 2010. A continuous hockey stick stock–recruit model for estimating MSY reference points. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1780–1784. With political commitment to restore stocks to levels where they can produce maximum sustainable yield (MSY), fisheries managers request evaluation of management plans that include options for an FMSY policy. The procedure to estimate FMSY with dynamic-pool, stock assessment models is well established for common stock–recruitment relationships (S–RR), and this capacity is extended to another S–RR, a piecewise function known as the hockey stick (HS), which is frequently assumed when the data do not support more elaborate functions. However, the HS is not continuous, which makes it problematic for this application, where differentiable functions are required. The bent-hyperbola model proves to be an adequate continuous equivalent to the HS for estimating FMSY.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1095-9289 , 1054-3139
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2010
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  • 10
    In: ICES Journal of Marine Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 71, No. 5 ( 2014-08-01), p. 1235-1245
    Abstract: To reduce the practice of discarding commercially fished organisms, several measures such as a discard ban and extra allowances on top of landings quotas (“catch quota”) have been proposed by the European Commission. However, for their development and successful implementation, an understanding of discard patterns on a European scale is needed. In this study, we present an inter-national synthesis of discard data collected on board commercial, towed-gear equipped vessels operating under six different national flags spanning from the Baltic to the Mediterranean Seas mainly between 2003 and 2008. We considered discarded species of commercial value such as Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus), European hake (Merluccius merluccius), and European plaice (Pleuronectes platessa). Comparisons of discard per unit effort rates expressed as numbers per hour of fishing revealed that in the Mediterranean Sea minimum size-regulated species such as hake are generally discarded in much lower numbers than elsewhere. For most species examined, variability in discard rates across regions was greater than across fisheries, suggesting that a region-by-region approach to discard reduction would be more relevant. The high uncertainty in discard rate estimates suggests that current sampling regimes should be either expanded or complemented by other data sources, if they are to be used for setting catch quotas.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1095-9289 , 1054-3139
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2014
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    SSG: 21,3
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