Description: During the expedition of R.V. "Meteor" in the Indian Ocean the following data were observed on a section from 58° E, 3° S to 58 ° E, 2° N during the end of january 1965: Temperature and salinity by hydrographic casts as well as by continuous registrations with the bathysonde. In addition, observations of several chemical parameters, and measurements of the meridional and zonal current distribution down to 250 m depth were obtained. The results indicate no evidence of an eastward directed equatorial undercurrent towards the end of january 1965: On the contrary, we find relatively strong westward directed currents. Chemical data corroborate this fact as there is no similarity with the distribution of oxygen or phosphate on transequatorial sections from the Pacific or the Atlantic Ocean. A weak eastward directed component of current at 3° S indicates the appearance of the equatorial counter-current. The bathysonde-registrations indicate the existence of at least two characteristic watermasses: Water from the Arabian Sea between 50 to 100 m depth and water from the Red Sea at 700 to 800 m depth.

Description: During the international "Overflow-Expedition" 1973 on R.V. "Meteor" oxygen concentrations in surface layers were measured in order to determine the oxygen gradients within the First two meters and to add some informations to the mechanisms of oxygen exchange at the air-sea interface. These investigations may be interesting also with regard to long-term-observations of the oxygen distribution in the Atlantic, especially the problem of the A.O.U. (apparent oxygen utilization) determination. To measure oxygen gradients a special sampler was built which is able to take water samples each 20 cm of the First 2 meters. These data were supplemented by further samples down to 150 m, taken by conventional water samplers, from which samples were also taken to measure N2/02-relations. By comparing these relations with theoretical relations in air-saturated water the influence of biological production and consumption on the oxygen contents in water could be estimated. A simple glass apparatus was built to extract gas from the water samples, and hereafter the N2/02-relations were determined by mass spectrometry. Most distributions of the oxygen anomaly show a negative oxygen balance which varies largely, probably due to strong mixing processes in the Iceland-Färö ridge area. The distribution of surface oxygen saturation values are of two different types. The values of the stations 260, 262 and 270 stem from mixed water and show homogeneous supersaturations, as can be found instantly when whitecaps appear. The values of 9 other stations are from water, sampled during calm periods which has been mixed and supersaturated before. They show a decreasing oxygen saturation towards the sea surface and often undersaturation in the upper decimeters up to 98% and even 91%. So at the air-sea interface even less initial oxygen saturation than 100% can be found after supersaturation during heavy weather periods.

Description: The present volume gives the observed physical and chemical data obtained by R. V. "Meteor" in the Indian Ocean during her cruise 1964/65. The tables are based on the computations made by the National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC) in Washington. In addition to the normally communicated data, the tables contain four chemical parameters: alkalinity, ammonia, fluoride, and calcium.

Description: The Red Sea has a special place among the adjacent seas of the world. High evaporation, exclusion of its deep water from contact with the Indian Ocean proper and complete absence of continental drainage may result special conditions of the chemistry of the Red Sea. This paper aims to describe and to explain the peculiarity of the hydrochemical situation. The influence of the topography, of the inflow and outflow through the straights of Bab el Mandeb, of the evaporation, of the stability of the water layers, and of the circulation will be studied. An attempt is made to estimate the apparent oxygen ultilisation in order to obtain an indication of the biological activity. A further attempt is made toward the quantitative estimation of the circulation of the nutrients and also to obtain some information about transport, dissolution, and precipitation of calcium carbonate. The basis of these investigations are mainly observations of R. V. "Meteor" during the International Indian Ocean Expedition 1964/65.

Description: The following tables show physical and chemical data observed by the "Meteor" in the Persian Gulf and the Strait of Hormus. This study was performed in accordance with the general programme of the International Indian Ocean Expedition (IIOE) during the period from March 25 th until April 16th, 1965. The water temperature was measured by reversing thermometers; in most cases two instruments were used simultaneously. The absolute mean temperature difference of this double measurement is 0.0153 °C. The salinity was determined both by salinometer and by titration. In this case the absolute mean difference amounts to 0.0174‰. The computations of the density, the specific volume anomaly, the dynamic depth anomaly, the sound velocity and the interpolation for standard depths were carried out by the National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC), Washington.

Description: Es wird ein Gerät zur gleichzeitigen analogen Registrierung und digitalen Aufzeichnung von Sauerstoffpartialdruck, Temperatur und Tiefe beschrieben. Es werden Angaben über die Konstruktion, die Funktion und über die Handhabung sowie Eichung der Sonde gemacht. An apparatus for the simultaneous and analog record of the oxygen tension, the temperature and the depth is described. Details of the construction, the function, the treatment, and of the calibration of the oxygen probe are given.

Description: The present study was undertaken to investigate the physical and chemical variability in the eastern Gotland Basin. This can serve as an example for the variability in the inner part of an adjacent sea with small tidal influence. Two anchor stations of about four days duration were made, with R.V. "Alkor" in September 1967 and with F.R.V. "Anton Dohrn" in May 1968. On the basis of variations in the physical parameters, and also from continuous recordings of salinity and temperature, c.f., of oxygen and temperature, the presence of internal waves is demonstrated. The variability in the chemical data not only indicate internal waves but also proves the patchlike structure of the water masses with regard to biochemical parameters. The two anchor stations were made during periods of partial and of total stagnation in the deeper parts of the Gotland Basin. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist eine Beschreibung der physikalisch chemischen Veränderlichkeit im östlichen Gotland-Becken, und zwar als Beispiel für die Veränderlichkeit im inneren Teil eines gezeitenarmen Nebenmeeres. Zwei viertägige Ankerstationen wurden durchgeführt, im September 1967 und Mai 1968, mit "Alkor" und "Anton Dohr". Auf Grund der Variationen in den physikalischen Parametern und auch von den kontinuierlichen Registrierungen von Salzgehalt und Temperatur, bzw. von Sauerstoff und Temperatur, werden interne Wellen nachgewiesen. Von der Veränderlichkeit der chemischen Parameter werden neben internen Wellen auch wolkenartige Strukturen der Wassermassen im Bezug auf biochemische Eigenschaften demonstriert. Beide Dauerstationen fielen in einer Periode von teilweiser und von voller Stagnation im Gotland-Becken.

Description: Es werden Methoden zur automatischen Bestimmung von Fluorid, gelöstem anorganischen Phosphat und reaktionsfahigen Silikat im Meerwasser beschrieben. Es können 20 Proben in der Stunde anylysiert werden bei einem Probenvolumen von insgesamt 10 ml. Die Standardabweichungen sind mit der manuellen Analyse vergleichbar. Die Verfahren können für Einzelproben oder für kontinuierliche Registrierung eingesetzt werden. Methods for the automatic determination by means of an "Autoanalyzer" system of fluoride, inorganic phosphate, and reactive silicate are describes. The sample frequency is 20/hour 10 ml of sample are needed for the determination of the three components. The standard deviations are similar to those of the manual methods. The methods may be taken for samples or for monitoring.

Description: Es wird eine schnelle, bordtaugliche Methode zur polarographischen Bestimmung von in Meerwasser gelöstem Sauerstoff beschrieben. Die Messungen werden mit einer schnelltropfenden Quecksilberelektrode mit mechanisch gesteuerter Tropfenfrequenz ausgeführt. Es wird die Abhängigkeit des polarographischen Stromes von der Temperatur, dem Salzgehalt und dem Gehalt der Probe an gelöstem Sauerstoff bestimmt. Die Genauigkeit der Methode entspricht der einer routinemäßig ausgeführten Sauerstoffbestimmung nach WINKLER. Bei Reihenmessungen wird für eine Bestimmung etwa 1 Minute benötigt. A rapid and for the use on bord suitable method for the polarographic determination of dissolved oxygen in sea water is described. The measuremcnts are made with a rapidly dropping mercury electrode with mechanically controlled dropping frequency. The relation between polarographic current, temperature, salinity and oxygen content of the samples is determinated. The error of the method is equal to that of a routine WINKLER determination. In serie determinations it will take 1 minute to analyse a single sample.

Description: Es wird ein neuer Bodenwasserschöpfer von 4,2 l Inhalt beschrieben, der zusammen mit einer Probenahme des unmittelbar am Boden befindlichen Wassers eine sichere Temperaturmessung mit Kippthermometern ermöglicht. A new watersampler containing 4,2 1 is described. Together with water sampling of the bottom water a save measurement of the temperature with reversing thermometers is possible.