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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Loss of zolpidem efficacy in the hippocampus of mice with the GABAA receptor γ2 F77I point mutation (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 21 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zolpidem is a hypnotic benzodiazepine site agonist with some γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptor subtype selectivity. Here, we have tested the effects of zolpidem on the hippocampus of γ2 subunit (γ2F77I) point mutant mice. Analysis of forebrain GABAA receptor expression with immunocytochemistry, quantitative [3H]muscimol and [35S] t-butylbicyclophosphorothionate (TBPS) autoradiography, membrane binding with [3H]flunitrazepam and [3H]muscimol, and comparison of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic current (mIPSC) parameters did not reveal any differences between homozygous γ2I77/I77 and γ2F77/F77 mice. However, quantitative immunoblot analysis of γ2I77/I77 hippocampi showed some increased levels of γ2, α1, α4 and δ subunits, suggesting that differences between strains may exist in unassembled subunit levels, but not in assembled receptors. Zolpidem (1 µm) enhanced the decay of mIPSCs in CA1 pyramidal cells of control (C57BL/6J, γ2F77/F77) mice by ∼ 60%, and peak amplitude by ∼ 20% at 33–34 °C in vitro. The actions of zolpidem (100 nm or 1 µm) were substantially reduced in γ2I77/I77 mice, although residual effects included a 9% increase in decay and 5% decrease in peak amplitude. Similar results were observed in CA1 stratum oriens/alveus interneurons. At network level, the effect of zolpidem (10 µm) on carbachol-induced oscillations in the CA3 area of γ2I77/I77 mice was significantly different compared with controls. Thus, the γ2F77I point mutation virtually abolished the actions of zolpidem on GABAA receptors in the hippocampus. However, some residual effects of zolpidem may involve receptors that do not contain the γ2 subunit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.04127.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Practice patterns in haemophilia A therapy – a survey of treatment centres in the United States (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Haemophilia 9 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2516
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A survey was conducted to ascertain practice patterns for haemophilia A therapy in the United States. Questionnaire data were supplied by 52 haemophilia centres with a total of 4129 patients under treatment. Most participating centres were affiliated with academic/teaching hospitals or institutions. Patients below 5 years comprised 17% of the study population, 6–18 years 41% and 〉18 years 42%, and the apportionment across severity categories was 53% severe, 17% moderate and 30% mild. Among patients with severe haemophilia, 49% were receiving on-demand treatment, while 44% were receiving some form of prophylaxis (13% primary, 20% secondary and 11% tertiary). Primary prophylaxis was the most common type in children below 5 years of age, accounting for 25% of this age group. In children 6–18 years old, 58% were on some type of prophylactic regimen, while on-demand treatment was most frequent among adults. Difficulties of venous access were the most frequently cited barrier to instituting prophylaxis. Catheters were in use among 37% of the patients under primary prophylaxis and 14% of those on secondary prophylaxis. No major differences were observed in forms of therapy used between larger and smaller centres. These observations provide an extensive characterization of haemophilia A practice patterns in the United States.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2516.2003.00792.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elevated UV-B radiation alters fluxes of methane and carbon dioxide in peatland microcosms (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Global change biology 8 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: Increases in solar ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B; 280–320 nm) reaching the earth have been estimated to continue until 2050s in the boreal and subarctic regions with an abundant peatland cover. Peatlands are significant sinks for carbon dioxide (CO2) and sources for methane (CH4). To assess whether the future increases in UV-B could affect the fluxes of CO2 and CH4 in peatlands via an impact on vegetation, we exposed peatland microcosms to modulated 30% supplementation of erythemally weighted UV-B at an outdoor facility for one growing season. The experimental design included appropriate controls for UV-A and ambient radiation. The UV-B caused a significant reduction in gross photosynthesis, net ecosystem CO2 exchange, and CH4 emission of the peatland microcosms. These changes in the carbon gas cycling can be partly explained by UV-B-induced morphological changes in Eriophorum vaginatum which acts as a conduit for CH4. Leaf cross section and the percentage of CH4-conducting aerenchymatous tissue in E. vaginatum were significantly reduced by UV-B. Methanol-extractable UV-B absorbing compounds decreased under both UV-B and UV-A in Sphagnum angustifolium, and tended to accumulate under UV-B in S. papillosum. Membrane permeability to magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) ions was higher in UV-B exposed S. angustifolium. Amount of chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments was increased by UV-A in S. magellanicum. The observed changes in Sphagnum mosses did not coincide with those in carbon gas fluxes but occurred at the time of the highest UV intensity in the mid summer. Our findings indicate that increasing UV-B may have more substantial effects on gas exchange in peatlands than previously thought.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1354-1013.2002.00478.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Three-dimensional modelling of an isolated carbonate buildup (Triassic, Dolomites, Italy) (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Sedimentology 51 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The Middle Triassic carbonate buildups of the Dolomites show facies similarities with mud mounds but display apparent architectural elements of flat-topped carbonate platforms. In order to test whether the facies similarities to mounds are also reflected in the internal buildup architecture, a three-dimensional modelling study of the Middle Triassic Monte Cernera buildup has been carried out. The Cernera buildup exhibits apparent geometries suggesting a mounded platform in the lower and uppermost part of the buildup, separated by an interval with apparent platform geometry and a retrogradational platform interior, which is difficult to explain with a flat top platform model. For this purpose, a number of three-dimensional models were constructed using the three-dimensional modelling programme petrelTM. Key geological horizons were constructed based on outcrop measurements, intermediate horizons were calculated in the modelling program, and the intersections of the modelled layers with a digital topography surface were displayed and compared with outcrop photographs. The models were refined stepwise until a best fit with the actual bedding architecture was achieved. The best fit model shows that the mounded geometries in the lower and uppermost part of the buildup are real architectural elements. The intermediate platform stage, about 1·5 km across, had probably retained a mounded top with a relief of up to 50 m, which is difficult to distinguish from an absolutely flat top, but necessary to explain the retrogradational platform interior. The present study shows that Monte Cernera was dominated by mounded geometries at all stages of platform development. The mounded geometry plus facies data suggest that the platform is a deep-water accumulation, below the zone of intense wave energy, but within the photic zone. The Cernera represents a tropical buildup type, which did not have the capacity to grow into continuously wave-swept environments because of the small size and the absence of a wave-resistant energy barrier. Such buildup types are probably common after major crises in earth history, when reef organisms were virtually absent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3091.2003.00622.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biochemical and molecular characterization of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, B. subtilis and B. pumilus isolates with distinct antagonistic potential against Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant pathology 51 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Fifty-one Bacillus isolates were characterized by fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis; universal primer polymerase chain reaction (UP-PCR) fingerprinting; production of secondary metabolites and antagonistic activity against Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (causal agent of black rot in cabbage) in vitro and in vivo. Based on FAME analysis and/or PCR fingerprinting, the isolates were clustered into three different groups, named as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, B. subtilis and B. pumilus. Seed treatment with Bacillus spp. generally reduced germination of seeds and incidence of black rot, but no relationship was found between the results of in vitro and in vivo experiments. The B. amyloliquefaciens group contained isolates that were generally the most effective at reducing attack of black rot in vivo. The metabolic profiles of these isolates suggested that they produced surfactin, iturin, bacillomycine and/or azalomycin F. Isolates belonging to the B. subtilis group were mostly able to synthesize surfactin and arthrobactin. Surfactin, amphomycin, arthrobactin and valinomycin were generally found in culture extracts of isolates belonging to the B. pumilus group. No effect on growth of the pathogen was detected when the activity of filtered culture extracts and selected metabolites produced by the three different Bacillus species was tested in vitro against X. c. pv. campestris. However, inhibition was seen when bacterial liquid cultures were used. When the ability to colonize cabbage endophytically was examined for seven selected isolates with different antagonistic potential against black rot, it was found that the ability was related to the species and not to the antagonistic activity of the isolates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.2002.00753.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Treatment of chronic haemophilic synovitis in humans with D-penicillamine (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Haemophilia 9 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2516
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. Chronic proliferative synovitis secondary to haemathroses is a major complication in patients with severe haemophilia. Current management strategies include prophylactic infusions of the missing coagulation factor, corticosteroids, synoviorthesis and/or synovectomy with variable degrees of benefit. In addition, patients with coagulation factor inhibitors are not amenable to the invasive therapeutic modalities. The gross and microscopic findings of the synovitis in haemophilic arthritis are remarkably similar to those seen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, although the pathophysiology of these two conditions are quite different. Haemophilic arthropathy, in the later stages, resembles degenerative rather than inflammatory joint disease. Oral d-penicillamine, a drug effective in the proliferative synovitis of rheumatoid arthritis, was evaluated in 16 patients. Ten patients had an unequivocal response, while three had a reduction in palpable synovium and three had no response. Thus 81% of the patients had a beneficial response. Minor reversible drug side-effects occurred in two patients (proteinuria in one and a rash in the second). The results of this study suggest that d-penicillamine is an effective and safe drug for the treatment of haemophilic chronic synovitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2516.2003.00676.x
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