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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis: report of a case (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 142 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03318.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Olopatadine hydrochloride suppresses the rebound phenomenon after discontinuation of treatment with a topical steroid in mice with chronic contact hypersensitivity (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 35 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Olopatadine hydrochloride (olopatadine; Allelock®) is one of the second-generation antihistamines that are treated for allergic disorders such as rhinitis, urticaria and eczema dermatitis. Olopatadine has recently been shown to have inhibitory effects on the chronic contact hypersensitivity induced by repeated application of oxazolone in mice. Although topical steroids have widely been prescribed for atopic dermatitis, a relapse often occurs within several days after discontinuation of their prolonged use.Objectives We investigated the possible efficacy of olopatadine against the relapse after discontinuation of prolonged use of topical prednisolone in the Balb/c mice with oxazolone-induced chronic contact hypersensitivity.Methods Mice with the chronic contact hypersensitivity induced by repeated application of oxazolone were treated with olopatadine as a sequential therapeutic agent. The effects of olopatadine were quantified by measurements of ear-swelling, and levels of cytokines and histamine in the lesioned ear.Results Topical prednisolone (0.05 mg/ear/day) significantly inhibited the increases in ear swelling and production of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-18, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and histamine. However, after discontinuation of the treatment with topical prednisolone, the inflammation relapsed and the IL-4 level exceeded the control one. The sequential treatment with olopatadine (10 mg/kg/day) after discontinuation of the treatment with topical prednisolone alone, or topical prednisolone with olopatadine, significantly inhibited the increases in ear swelling and levels of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-18, GM-CSF, nerve growth factor and histamine.Conclusions These results indicate that olopatadine is an antihistamine agent having inhibitory activities against the rebound phenomenon following the discontinuation of topical steroid therapy. Olopatadine is thus expected to be a sequential therapeutic agent after discontinuation of the chronic treatment with a topical steroid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02147.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Functional magnetic resonance imaging of human jaw movements (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 30 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: summary  This study used functional magnetic resonance images (fMRI) to examine brain activity during clenching, gum chewing, and tapping tasks. It has been considered difficult to obtain sufficient fMRI data during jaw movement because the head motion associated with the jaw movements creates artifacts on the images. To avoid these artifacts, larger pixels were used, thus allowing some head motion of the subjects, and data from subjects where the heads were evaluated to have moved more than 0·5 mm were discarded. Further, all pixels obtained by fMRI were evaluated and pixels positively synchronized with the task, which were considered to show brain activity, were selected. Sufficient fMRI data was obtained from 30 experiments, 10 sets for each task. During the clenching and tapping tasks, the activated pixels were in the sensory, motor and pre-motor cortexes, and in the sensory and motor cortexes but not in the pre-motor cortex during the gum chewing task. There appears to be no significant differences between right- and left-hemispheres. It is conceivable that there are differences between voluntary jaw movements (clenching and tapping tasks) and mastication (gum chewing task) concerning the control of jaw movements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2003.01054.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of brain activity during clenching by fMRI (2002)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 29 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: It has been considered difficult to obtain satisfactory functional magnetic resonance images (fMRI) during jaw movements because the head motion during jaw movements makes artefacts on the images. To avoid these artefacts, we chose clenching task and larger pixels to allow some head motion of the subjects. Further the study discarded all data from subjects whom the head was evaluated to move more than 0·3 mm. The study examined 10 healthy right-handed volunteers with echo-planar magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and functional MR signal intensity changes could be obtained in all subjects. However, in the analysis of each pixel of individuals, three different types of pixels were established. It was determined that the pixels that synchronized positively with the task on/off and where signal intensity increase was below 10% expressed the real brain activity. Pixels showing the real brain activity were found in the sensory, motor and pre-motor cortexes in both hemispheres in all subjects, and also in the insula region of two subjects. No pixels were found in the striatum and supplementary motor areas. From the above careful consideration and individual analysis of each pixel, it was concluded that brain activity during the clenching task could be obtained by fMRI.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2002.00880.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of phosphocreatine concentration in the human masseter and medial pterygoid muscles by 31P-CSI (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 28 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The aim of this study is to compare phosphocreatine (PCr) concentrations of human masseter and medial pterygoid muscles by a recently developed localized magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) method, chemical shift imaging (CSI). The characteristic spectra of phosphorous metabolites including PCr and β-ATP from the superficial part of the masseter (SM) and the deep part of the masseter (DM) and the medial pterygoid muscles (MPt) from 11 volunteers, 20–27-year-old were obtained. The study clearly demonstrated higher PCr/β-ATP in the SM and MPt than in the DM both in mean values (P 〈 0·01) and in individual subjects. The results indicate that SM and MPt are power producers. There were no significant differences in the mean values of the PCr/β-ATP ratios in SM and MPt, however, the PCr/β-ATP ratios varied individually and the subjects could be divided into three distinct groups: values of MPt higher than SM (group A, 4 subjects); values of MPt almost equal to SM (group B, 3 subjects); and values of MPt lower than SM (group C, 4 subjects). There appears to be a close relationship between the PCr content as determined in the groups here and occlusal guidance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.2001.00777.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of olopatadine hydrochloride, an antihistamine drug, on skin inflammation induced by repeated topical application of oxazolone in mice (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 151 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background  Olopatadine hydrochloride (olopatadine) is one of the second-generation antihistamines, which is prescribed for allergic disorders such as rhinitis, urticaria and eczema dermatitis.Objectives  To investigate the possible anti-inflammatory effect of olopatadine on the chronic contact hypersensitivity response to repeated topical application of oxazolone in mice.Methods  The preventive and therapeutic effects of oral olopatadine were quantified by measurements of ear swelling, cytokine protein and mRNA expression in the ear lesion, and were compared with those of topical betamethasone 17-valerate (betamethasone).Results  The ear receiving repeated applications of oxazolone exhibited erythema, oedema and abrasion. Both preventive and therapeutic administration of olopatadine (10 mg kg−1 day−1) significantly inhibited the ear swelling and the increased production of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-1β, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and nerve growth factor. In the histopathological analysis, olopatadine ameliorated epidermal hyperplasia and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Consistent with these results, olopatadine significantly reduced the increased expression of interferon-γ and IL-4 mRNA. Although betamethasone (0·012 mg ear−1 day−1) showed similar activities to olopatadine against these responses, it caused atrophy of the ear skin.Conclusions  These results indicate that olopatadine is an antihistamine agent having inhibitory activities against chronic inflammatory dermatitis, possibly resulting from its diminishing effect on elevated cytokines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.06172.x
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