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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Repeated ozone exposures enhance bronchial allergen responses in subjects with rhinitis or asthma (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Single exposures to 〉 200 p.p.b. of ozone are capable of enhancing the early-phase lung function response to allergen.Objective The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of single vs. repeated exposures to ozone on early and late-phase allergen responses.Methods Eleven subjects with allergic asthma and 22 subjects with allergic rhinitis underwent single exposures to filtered air, 125 p.p.b. and 250 p.p.b. ozone, as well as repeated exposures to 125 p.p.b. ozone on four consecutive days. Twenty hours after the (final) exposure, subjects inhaled a single dose of allergen and a sputum induction was performed 6–7 h later.Results In the subjects with rhinitis, the mean early-phase response of FEV1 and the number of ≥ 20% reductions were significantly greater after exposure to 250 or 4 × 125 p.p.b. ozone compared with filtered air. In addition, most of the ≥ 15% late-phase responses in FEV1 occurred after exposure to 4 × 125 p.p.b., as well as the strongest effects on sputum parameters. The rise in the number of eosinophils was statistically significant in both groups. Regarding the number of lymphocytes and the concentrations of mast cell tryptase, histamine or LDH, significance was, however, only reached in the asthma group.Conclusion Our data suggest that repeated exposure to ozone, at a peak ambient air level, can enhance both functional and inflammatory responses to inhaled allergen in subjects with pre-existing allergic airway diseases, and that these effects might reach a clinically relevant magnitude.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2002.01358.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Repeated measurements of allergens and endotoxin in settled house dust over a time period of 6 years (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 33 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background  Studies investigating the effect of exposure to indoor allergens and endotoxin on human respiratory health usually take dust samples only at one single point of time and consider them to be representative for the indoor biocontaminant burden during a time period of several years. This singly measured biocontaminant concentration is related to adverse respiratory outcomes such as asthma, wheeze or others.Objective  We analysed two repeated measurements of mite and cat allergens in mattress and living room floor dust as well as endotoxin concentrations in living room floor dust. The repeated samples were taken over a time period of about 6 years. We investigated the repeatability over time of their concentrations by determining correlation coefficients and computing within- and between-home variance components.Methods  Our analysis was based on the population of a study on Indoor Factors and Genetics in Asthma (INGA) being carried out in 1995/96 and followed up in 2000/01. Complete data were available from 152 participants.Results  The measured allergen concentrations were low and a considerable percentage of the values was below the limit of detection. The crude Spearman's rank correlation coefficients between the two measurements taken in 1995/96 and 2000/01 ranged from 0.32 to 0.61 for the dust mites allergens, from 0.21 to 0.44 for cat allergen and from 0.35 to 0.51 for endotoxin. Correlations were higher if measurements were performed on the same floor or the same mattress at both sampling time-points. The within-home variance for all measured biocontaminant concentrations was of about the same order as the between-home variance.Conclusion  For studies like ours with low allergen and endotoxin concentrations, the repeatability of these concentrations over a time period as long as 6 years is low and a single measurement does not accurately reflect the true long-term exposure in the homes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2003.01807.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alternative methods to describe virulence of Erwinia amylovora and host-plant resistance against fireblight (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant pathology 53 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The evaluation of host-plant susceptibility to Erwinia amylovora and of colonization of host-plant tissue by individual strains was facilitated by labelling the pathogen with green fluorescent protein (GFP). Colonization of apple leaves assayed with a fluorescence microscope was associated with visual disease ratings on plants to describe virulence (= aggressiveness) of the fireblight pathogen. Resistance induced with 2,6-dichloro-isonicotinic acid (INA) and benzo(1,2,3-) thiadiazol-7-carbothioic acid-S-methyl ester (BTH, the active component of BION™) restricted colonization by the pathogen to an area adjacent to the inoculation site. Migration in leaves was associated with symptom formation on pear slices and host plants of mutant strains. Non-virulent E. amylovora mutants did not migrate into the leaf veins and strains with intermediate-to-low virulence moved slowly. To compare the migration efficiency of individual wild-type strains in apple and plum cultivars, a blend of five wild-type E. amylovora strains with specific numbers of short-sequence DNA repeats (SSRs) in the common plasmid pEA29 was applied to distinguish them by PCR. Fast-moving strains identified in the GFP assays were dominant, independent of the apple cultivar. When apple shoots, pear slices or leaves of apple plants were coinoculated with streptomycin (Sm)-resistant strains and the corresponding parent strains, Sm-resistant mutants were able to dominate the wild-type strain for tissue colonization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2004.00954.x
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