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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of human chemokine (C-X3-C) receptor 1 (CX3CR1) gene polymorphisms and haplotypes of the CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) promoter in Chinese people, and the effects of CCR5 haplotypes on CCR5 expression (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 32 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Two chemokine (C-X3-C) receptor 1 (CX3CR1) gene polymorphisms, V249I and T280M, and 10 CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) promoter haplotypes, P1–P10, have recently been reported to influence the progression of acquired immune-deficiency syndrome (AIDS). As these studies were performed mainly with Caucasian and African-American subjects, we determined the distribution of these alleles in Chinese people for the purpose of predicting possible clinical responses to the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) epidemics in countries with significant Chinese populations, as well as to establish their effects on the expression of surface CCR5. Ninety-six HIV-negative Chinese individuals in Taiwan were subjected to genotyping, and we thus determined that the allelic frequencies of CX3CR1V249I and T280M changes were 2.6% and 2.1%, respectively, which were lower than found in Caucasians (25.5% and 14.0%, respectively). Unlike the previous reports, we only detected CCR5P1 and P4 haplotypes in Taiwanese people, and the P1/P1, P1/P4 and P4/P4 genotype frequencies were 21.0%, 41.1% and 37.9%, respectively. The sequencing data confirmed the results of previous studies, showing that CCR5P1 exhibited a complete linkage disequilibrium with a polymorphic allele 59029A present in the CCR5 promoter. Furthermore, fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis revealed that, in the absence of the CCR2–64I mutation, individuals carrying CCR5P1 tended to express more surface CCR5 on monocytes and CD4+ cells. Therefore, this study not only reports the frequencies for the CX3CR1 and CCR5 promoter haplotypes in a Chinese population living in Taiwan, but also identifies a statistical link between the P1/P1 haplotype and the elevated CCR5 expression levels in the study group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.2005.00498.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Accumulation Correlates with an Up-Regulation of Bradykinin Receptors in Alzheimer's Disease (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 64 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: An alteration in signal transduction systems in Alzheimer's disease (AD) would likely be of pathophysiological significance, because these processes control normal brain functions. Previously, a diminished β-adrenergic-mediated cyclic AMP response was found in cultured fibroblasts from AD patients. Because cross-talk between the phosphoinositide and cyclic AMP pathways exists, the phosphoinositide cascade was studied under conditions that were similar to those for studying the cyclic AMP response. Cells from AD patients and age-matched controls responded to bradykinin (BK) and released inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P3] in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The level of Ins(1,4,5)P3 increased rapidly and transiently in response to BK, peaked at 5 s, but still remained 116–132% above the basal level by 30 s. Although the temporal patterns were similar in both groups, the Ins(1,4,5)P3 concentrations in AD fibroblasts were 73 and 89% above levels in the age-matched controls at 5 and 10 s, respectively. Prostaglandin E1 also increased Ins(1,4,5)P3 formation, but this response was not different between the two groups. Although KD (affinity) values for the BK receptor were similar in both control and AD cells, the number of BK receptors (Bmax) was significantly elevated in AD fibroblasts (186.8 ± 0.8 fmol/mg of protein) as compared with control fibroblasts (57.2 ± 15.3 fmol/mg of protein). These results indicate that the elevated Ins(1,4,5)P3 production in response to BK in AD fibroblasts is positively correlated with an increase in the receptor numbers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.64020761.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A novel seven transmembrane receptor induced during the early steps of astrocyte differentiation identified by differential expression (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 81 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The rat glial progenitor cell line CG-4 can be induced to differentiate into either oligodendrocytes or type-2 astrocytes. In order to identify genes whose expression varies coincident with such phenotypic differentiation, we employed representational difference analysis (RDA) of mRNA. Here, we report 38 cDNAs induced in type-2 astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, or both differentiated states. Among these were known transcription factors, membrane receptors, extracellular matrix proteins, secreted signaling modulators, chromatin regulators and myelin sheath components. In addition several novel genes were identified; among these was a gene induced during the very early stages of astrocyte differentiation that we have named Ieda (induced early in differentiating astrocytes). Several Ieda transcripts were detected by RT-PCR, and appeared to be produced by alternative splicing and promoter usage. The protein deduced from the longest Ieda mRNA exhibited sequence features characteristic of G-protein coupled receptors, including seven putative transmembrane domains, while the shorter Ieda transcripts encoded proteins that lacked several transmembrane segments. In the adult rat, Ieda transcripts were found exclusively in brain and testis. In the developing rat brain, Ieda expression was first detected at embryonic day 16, that is two days before the first appearance of mature astrocytes. Thus, this approach has yielded a potential source of markers for differentiation states of these two cellular types as well as genes predicted to be functionally involved in the differentiation process itself.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2002.00847.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flexural behaviour of post-cured composites at oral-simulating temperatures (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 28 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Post-curing treatments have been known to improve the mechanical stability of visible light-cured composites. After individual post-curing treatment, the flexural strength (FS) of four commercial direct/indirect placement composite materials which differ greatly in composition [oligocarbonate dimethacrylate (OCDMA)-based Conquest C & B (CQT), Bisphenol-A glycidyl dimethacrylate (BisGMA)-based Charisma, urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA)-based Concept (CCT), and BisGMA/UDMA-based Dentacolor] was evaluated under water in the temperature range of 12–50 °C. A control series was tested in air at room temperature (25 ± 1 °C). Data were analysed using ANOVA and Duncan’s test. Flexural strengths overall decreased (20–40%, P 〈 0·01) with increasing temperatures except with Conquest C & B. Surprisingly, higher FS values were found in wet conditions than in dry conditions at 25 °C. UDMA-based materials much more easily undergo softening in water and by temperature change than do BisGMA- or OCDMA-based materials. Post-cured composites can be significantly affected by exposure to oral environments. Different composition determines the degree of influence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2001.00734.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of temperature and flux concentration on soldering of base metal (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 27 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The present study used the acoustic emission (AE) technique to evaluate interactions among soldering temperature, flux treatment, and the resultant ultimate tensile strength (UTS). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine fracture surfaces of the solder joints. Specimens were cast from removable partial denture alloy and then placed in a jig with a gap distance of 1·0 mm. A high-frequency soldering machine with an optical pyrometer was used for soldering at 1150°C and 1200°C, respectively. The flux concentrations were 67% and 75%. The soldered specimens were subjected to tensile test at a crosshead speed of 0·05 mm/min. During testing, acoustic emissions in the frequency range of 100–1200 kHz were collected, filtered, recorded, and processed by a sensing device. The results were analysed by anova and Tukey LSD test. UTS at different temperatures showed no significant difference according to either mechanical or acoustic results. But in the 1200°C group, the UTSs and AE counts showed significant differences (P〈0·05) at both flux concentrations. SEM showed that the 1200C group had better dendritic crystal structure than did the 1150°C group. In the 1200°C group specimens with 67% flux had fewer flux inclusion bodies and dendritic crystals than did specimens with 75% flux. The 75% flux subgroup produced high-amplitude (60–70 dB) acoustic signals within the elastic deformation zone, while the 67% flux subgroup produced similar signals within the plastic deformation zone, either beyond the 0·2% yield point or before fracture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.2000.00614.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of silanization and filler fraction on aged dental composites (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 27 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The effect of silanization and filler fraction on the mechnical properties of aged dental composites was investigated. Experimental composites (75/25 Bis-GMA/TEGDMA resin reinforced with 0, 12·6, 30·0, and 56·5 vol% 8 μm silanized/unsilanized BaSiO6) were fabricated into 4·7 mm diameter×2·2 mm thick discs and 3·5 mm diameter×7·3 mm thick discs for diametral tensile and compressive tests, respectively. The effect of immersion in 75% ethanol at 37 °C for 0–30 days on the diametral tensile strength (DTS) and compressive strength (CS) of the samples was evaluated and analysed by anova and Tukey LSD test. The fracture interface between filler and resin matrix was then examined by scanning electron microscope. Results and subsequent statistical evidence from DTS (18·6±7·6 MPa, silanized versus 11·7±2·6 MPa, unsilanized) and CS (85·1±29·7 MPa, silanized versus 56·0±11·3 MPa, unsilanized) strongly implies that silanization may greatly enhance the mechanical properties of the resin composites. Furthermore, it also shows that both DTS and CS increased proportionally as the filler fraction of the composites increased. However, in the unsilanized groups, DTS decreased (up to 40%) as the filler fraction increased, and CS showed no relevance to the filler fraction at all. As for the influence of aging, it was found that both DTS and CS showed a significant decrease after immersion in 75% ethanol, and silanization heavily correlated with the filler fraction of aged-resin composites. Microscopic examination of the fractured samples showed that failure primarily occurred within the resin matrix per se for silanized composites and adjacent to the filler particles for unsilanized composites. All the evidence points to the conclusion that mechanical properties of aged-resin composites can be greatly influenced by silanization and the filler fraction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.2000.00573.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of chemical composition of Ni-Cr dental casting alloys on the bonding characterization between porcelain and metal (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 32 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: summary  The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of chemical composition of Ni-Cr dental casting alloys on the bonding behaviour between porcelain and metal. A three-point bending test was used to measure the fracture load of alloy after porcelain firing. A scanning electron microscope, accompanied by an energy dispersion spectrometer, was used to analyse the morphology and chemical composition of the fracture surface. An X-ray photoelectron spectrometer and glow discharge spectrometer were used to identify the structure and cross-sectional chemical composition, respectively, of oxide layers on Ni-Cr alloys after heat treatment at 990 °C for 5 min. Results showed that the oxide layers formed on all Ni-Cr alloys contained mainly Cr2O3, NiO, and trace MoO3. The Ni-Cr alloy with a higher Cr content had a thicker oxide layer, as well as a weaker bonding behaviour of porcelain/metal interface. The presence of Al (as Al2O3) and Be (as BeO) on the oxide layer suppressed the growth of the oxide layer, leading to a better porcelain/metal bonding behaviour. However, the presence of a small amount of Ti (as TiO2) on the oxide layer did not have any influence on the bonding behaviour. The fracture propagated along the interface between the opaque porcelain and metal, and exhibited an adhesive type of fracture morphology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.2004.01411.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acoustic emissions generated in aged dental composites using a laser thermoacoustic technique (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 27 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The heating up of dental composites by laser will produce acoustic emissions (AEs) that may be related to fracture mechanisms in the composites. It has been proved that the mechanical properties of dental composites are affected by storage in food simulating liquids, i.e. 75% ethanol, which has a solubility parameter approximating to that of bisphenol glycidyl dimethacrylate (BisGMA) resin. A new method was innovated to evaluate the laser-induced AEs in dental composites aged by 75% ethanol solution. Model systems (50/50 BisGMA/TEGDMA resin filled with 0% and 75 wt.% 5–10 μm silanized BaSiO6) as well as three commercial composites (Marathon One, Z100 and Herculite XRV) were used in this study. Nine samples acting as the control group were tested to establish the correlation of AEs to laser power. The effect of ageing by immersion in 75% ethanol on AEs and diametral tensile strength (DTS) was then evaluated. A quasi-continuous wave CO2 laser was used to heat up the composites. AEs of frequency 100–200 kHz were collected, filtered, recorded and processed using a 4610 Smart Acoustic Monitor. Burst patterns, which formally were assumed to be correlated to fracture mechanisms, were also identified from the data obtained at laser power ≥5 W for commercial composites and ≥4 W for model systems. Higher laser powers cause the AE to increase for all composites except unfilled model resin. AEs as a function of power for all aged systems were flat (〈100 events) below 4 W. Emissions then rose sharply to〉 1000 events at 7·1 W. Statistically significant differences were found between the AEs obtained at 5 W (commercial composites) and those at 4·3 W (model systems) for material systems and storage times. Marathon One was less affected by the laser and an abrupt change in AE was found between days 0 and 7 of storage for all commercial composites. The AE value from the unfilled model resin was found to be significantly different from that of the model composites. However, they showed an increase in AEs with length of storage time, which was inversely associated with the decreased tendency of their immersed DTS values. Laser-induced AEs may be a valuable adjunct to conventional mechanical testing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2000.00589.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluoride ion diffusion from a glass–ionomer cement (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 27 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The aims of this study were to observe the release of fluoride ions (F−) from GC-Fuji Lining-LC® glass–ionomer cement, to assess the diffusion process, and to measure fluoride diffusivity (D) in the set cement. Specimens of various dimensions and shapes, ranging from discs to cylindrical rods, were fabricated for both open and embedded modes of testing. In the open mode studies, specimens with different surface to volume ratios were selected and immersed in 37 °C distilled water. In the embedded mode studies, only one diametral surface of the rod-shaped specimens of different lengths and diameters was exposed. F− concentration was measured using a fluoride electrode. The storage solution was analysed at predetermined intervals hourly, daily, and weekly (up to 10 weeks). Immediately after each sampling, the old storage solution was discarded and replaced with new distilled water. F− release from the set cements was detectable (0·4–3·8 ppm, varied with sample geometry), even after a 10-week sampling interval. F− release was greater in ground set cements (0.37 ppm/mg powder) than in control samples of unmixed powder (0.01 ppm/mg powder) immersed for 1 h. Two mechanisms for F− release were proposed. One was short-term and involved rapid dissolution from the cement surface. The other was more gradual and resulted in the sustained diffusion of ions through the bulk cement, which can be modelled by applying a mathematical technique known as separation of variables to Fick's Second Law of Diffusion. The mean D of F− in embedded set cements of glass–ionomer was (1·4±0·5)×10−11 cm2/s, with higher apparent D observed in open mode samples [(7·6±1·4)×10−11 cm2/s].
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2000.00554.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effectiveness of Coniothyrium minitans and Trichoderma atroviride in suppression of sclerotinia blossom blight of alfalfa (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant pathology 54 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The effects of the mycoparasites Coniothyrium minitans and Trichoderma atroviride on the suppression of alfalfa blossom blight caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were evaluated under indoor and field conditions. When T. atroviride (9·0 × 104 conidia/floret) + S. sclerotiorum (6·0 × 103 ascospores/floret) or C. minitans (9·0 × 104 conidia/floret) + S. sclerotiorum (6·0 × 103 ascospores/floret) were applied to detached young alfalfa florets, T. atroviride effectively inhibited saprophytic growth of S. sclerotiorum, whereas C. minitans showed no inhibition under the same conditions. When T. atroviride (6·9 × 104 conidia/floret) + S. sclerotiorum (6·0 × 103 ascospores/floret) or C. minitans (6·9 × 104 conidia/floret) + S. sclerotiorum (6·0 × 103 ascospores/floret) was applied to young alfalfa petals in vivo just after pollination, the percentage of pod formation was higher for T. atroviride+S. sclerotiorum than that for C. minitans+S. sclerotiorum, and the percentage of pod rot was lower for T. atroviride+S. sclerotiorum than that for C. minitans+S. sclerotiorum. However, when they were applied to senescent petals attached to developing pods of alfalfa at 9·2 × 104 conidia/floret together with S. sclerotiorum at 4·5 × 103 ascospores/floret at 14 days after pollination, C. minitans was more effective than T. atroviride in suppressing sclerotinia pod rot and seed rot of alfalfa. Field experiments showed that three applications of C. minitans (5·4 × 106 conidia mL−1) or T. atroviride (5·4 × 106 conidia mL−1) at a 7-day interval to blossoms of alfalfa effectively suppressed sclerotinia pod rot in two out of three annual trials. Coniothyrium minitans effectively suppressed sclerotinia seed rot in all three years, whereas T. atroviride was not effective against seed rot in any of the trial years. The efficacy of C. minitans was not significantly different (P 〉 0·05) from benomyl (250 µg ai mL−1). This study suggests that C. minitans has potential as a biocontrol agent to control blossom blight of alfalfa caused by S. sclerotiorum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2005.01119.x
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