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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of the laryngeal mask airway and PAXpressTM for short surgical procedures (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 58 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sixty adult patients undergoing minor peripheral surgery under general anaesthesia were randomly allocated to receive either the laryngeal mask airway (laryngeal mask airway; size 4 for females and size 5 for males) or the PAXpressTM (adult size), inserted by a single operator with experience of 〉 50 insertions of each device. The laryngeal mask airway was correctly placed on the first attempt in 27 patients (90%) compared with 20 patients (67%) when using the PAXpress (p 〈 0.01). No patient required more than two attempts at insertion and there were no failures with the laryngeal mask airway, compared with four (13%) who needed three attempts and two failures (7%) with the PAXpress (p 〈 0.001 and p 〈 0.01, respectively). Mean (SD) total placement time was shorter with the laryngeal mask airway [24.6 (3.1) s] than with the PAXpress[35.4 (2.5) s; p 〈 0.01]. The most common complication was sore throat, which occurred less frequently with the laryngeal mask airway (8 patients; 26%) than with the PAXpress (15 patients; 53.5%; p 〈 0.001).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.2003.02867.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunity in the Female Lower Genital Tract and the Impact of HIV Infection (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 54 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This study investigates the distribution of immunocompetent cells in the ectocervix, and cytokine and immunoglobulin (Ig) levels in cervicovaginal secretions to determine whether they are altered in asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Ectocervical biopsies from 10 HIV+ and 10 presumed HIV-ve women were studied by immunocytochemistry. Levels of Igs in cervicovaginal secretions were quantified by radial immunodiffusion (RID) and cytokine levels by ELISA. HIV+ women had significantly increased numbers of CD8+ lymphocytes resulting in reversal of the CD4:CD8 ratio. There was a significant increase in the proportion of activated CD8+ HLA-DR+ and CD4+ HLA-DR + lymphocytes, but not in CD8+ TIA-1+ cells. The epithelium of the cervix from HIV+ subjects showed a significant increase in both numbers of macrophages (CD68+) and proportions of activated macrophages (CD68+ HLA-DR+) compared to normal. The stroma contained increased proportions of inductive (D1+) and suppressive (D1+ D7+) macrophages but a decrease in effector phagocyte (D7+) proportions and Langerhans' cells. Significantly lower tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels were observed in cervicovaginal secretions from HIV+ subjects. IgG levels were 4 times higher and IgM levels twice higher in cervicovaginal secretions from HIV+ women, compared to results from normal subjects. These results suggest a response within the CD8+ cells in HIV+ women, yet these cells may have a low cytolytic capacity. The raised proportions of HLA-DR+ and D1+ CD4+ macrophages could act as antigen-presenting cells (APC) for CD4+ CD45RO+ lymphocytes, and represent a local acquired response. However, the close juxtaposition of these cells offers the potential for them to act as a local reservoir of virus and promote its proliferation. The increase of IgG over sIgA in secretions of HIV+ subjects provides evidence suggesting a dysregulation of local humoral immunity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.2001.00927.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Cellular Response Associated with Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia in HIV+ and HIV– Subjects (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 56 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This study investigates local alterations in T-cell and macrophage subsets that occur in cervical epithelial neoplasia (CIN), in the presence and absence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Ectocervical biopsies from 10 women with CIN who were infected with HIV, and 10 women with CIN but no HIV infection were studied by immunocytochemistry.Significantly increased proportions of activated CD8+ T cells were seen in all CIN biopsies, and these proportions were further increased in the presence of HIV infection. Levels of CD8+TIA-1+ cells were particularly increased in the CIN+HIV+ group. There was a lack of expression of CD28 on the CD8+ cells of the epithelium of CIN+HIV+ samples. A significant reduction in the proportion of epithelial inductive D1+ macrophages and an increase in D1+D7+-suppressive cells were observed in the CIN+HIV+ cohort.The lack of expression of CD28 on the CD8+ cells of the epithelium of CIN+HIV+ samples in combination with the reduced CD4+ T-cell numbers seen in the presence of HIV infection may contribute to the development of higher grade CIN in this susceptible group. This may be aggravated by the reduction in the D1+ epithelial inductive macrophages, which might reflect recruitment of more suppressive D1+D7+ cells. This would further compromise the ability of the local T-cell system to respond to antigens and thus contribute to the development of neoplasia at this site. These results suggest that the increase in activated CD8+ T cells is a consequence rather than a cause of CIN.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.2002.01118.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neonatal 5HT activity antagonizes the masculinizing effect of testosterone on the luteinizing hormone release response to gonadal steroids and on brain structures in rats (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 19 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Hypothalamic 5HT concentrations are transiently lower in male compared to female Wistar rats in the second week post partum (pp) and our previous findings have shown that pharmacologically potentiating 5HT activity over this period feminizes certain aspects of sexually differentiated behaviours in adult males and androgenized females. In order to investigate whether neonatal testosterone and 5HT interact to influence physiological and morphological brain sexual differences, females, androgenized females and males were treated with the 5HT2 agonist (−) [2,5 dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl]-2-amino propane HCl [(−) DOI], over days 8–16 pp. In androgenized females (250 µg testosterone proprionate, day 2 pp) (−) DOI prevented the delay in vaginal opening, but did not prevent the androgen-induced constant oestrus in females treated with 100 µg TP, day 2 pp. (−) DOI overcame the neonatal androgen effect in suppressing the positive feedback of ovarian steroids in a few males and androgenized females. (−) DOI had a feminizing effect on the volume of the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (normally smaller in males), by significantly increasing its volume in male and androgenized females. It also had a significant antagonistic effect on the testosterone-induced increase in the volume of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area in males and androgenized females. These findings support the view that raised 5HT activity in the second week of life antagonizes the masculinizing effect of neonatal testosterone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0953-816X.2003.03158.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An easy to learn double lumen tube placement protocol (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 60 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.2005.04133.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An unusual cause of stridor after thyroidectomy (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 57 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twelve days after subtotal thyroidectomy, an air pocket developed in a patient's neck. The pressure in this pocket had gradually increased as small amounts of air, probably associated with coughing, came out of a tiny hole in the trachea to form a pneumocoele. This produced limited surgical emphysema, causing venous congestion and oedema of the soft tissues of the larynx, which in turn led to increasing airway obstruction. We believe that this is the first reported case of a pneumocoele that gradually increased in size, causing airway obstruction that was almost certainly due to secondary laryngeal oedema.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.2002.02512_2.x
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