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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Thermodynamic Diagrams for High Temperature Plasmas of Air, Air-Carbon, Carbon-Hydrogen Mixtures, and Argon. (1971)
    San Diego :Elsevier Science & Technology,
    Details
    Keywords: High temperature plasmas. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (197 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9781483280271
    URL: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=1839393
    Language: English
    Note: Front Cover -- Thermodynamic Diagrams for High Temperature Plasmas of Air, Air-Carbon, Carbon-Hydrogen Mixtures, and Argon -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Vorwort -- Preface -- Zum Geleit -- Preface -- Inhalt -- Chapter I. Introduction -- Chapter II. Theoretical Basis -- Chapter III. Calculation Process -- Chapter IV. Computational Results (Remarks on the diagrams) -- Description of the proposed Models on which the calculations are based -- Literatur / References -- 1. Einleitung -- 2. Theoretische Grundlagen -- 3. Das Berechnungsverfahren -- 4. Die Rechenergebnisse (Bemerkungen zu den Diagrammen) -- Beschreibung der Modellvorstellungen, die den Berechnungen zugrunde gelegt wurden.
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Computational Statistical Physics : From Billiards to Monte Carlo. (2001)
    Berlin, Heidelberg :Springer Berlin / Heidelberg,
    Details
    Keywords: Statistical physics--Data processing. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (311 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9783662048047
    URL: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=3097364
    DDC: 530.15950284999997
    Language: English
    Note: Computational Statistical Physics -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- 1 Game Theory and Statistical Mechanics -- 2 Chaotic Billiards -- 3 Combinatorial Optimization and High Dimensional Billiards -- 4 The Statistical Physics of Energy Landscapes: From Spin Glasses to Optimization -- 5 Optimization of Production Lines by Methods from Statistical Physics -- 6 Predicting and Generating Time Series by Neural Networks: An Investigation Using Statistical Physics -- 7 Statistical Physics of Cellular Automata Models for Traffic Flow -- 8 Self-Organized Criticality in Forest-Fire Models -- 9 Nonlinear Dynamics of Active Brownian Particles -- 10 Financial Time Series and Statistical Mechanics -- 11 'Go with the Winners' Simulations -- 12 Aperiodicity and Disorder - Do They Play a Role? -- 13 Quantum Phase Transitions -- 14 Introduction to Energy Level Statistics -- 15 Randomness in Optical Spectra of Semiconductor Nanostructures -- 16 Characterization of the Metal-Insulator Transition in the Anderson Model of Localization -- 17 Percolation, Renormalization and Quantum Hall Transition -- Index.
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Environmental Physiology and Biochemistry of Insects. (1985)
    Berlin, Heidelberg :Springer Berlin / Heidelberg,
    Details
    Keywords: Insects-Physiology. ; Insects-Ecology. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (304 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9783642700200
    URL: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=6572469
    DDC: 595.701
    Language: English
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A transputer-based measuring system for decentralized signal processing, applied to two-phase flow (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 5045-5049 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An innovative concept for decentralized processing of the signals of multiple sensors is presented. The basic idea is to connect every sensor via an analog-to-digital converter with a high-performance microprocessor, a transputer, that exclusively collects and processes its signal. The transputers are linked to a powerful network. Exemplarily, a measuring system based on this concept was used for the determination of local parameters of liquid–gas two-phase flows (e.g., local void fraction and bubble frequency). Up to six fiber-optical probes were utilized simultaneously to demonstrate the efficiency of the system. The signal processing under that special application may include on-line evaluation of flow parameters and on-line correction of errors of measurement due to sensor-induced effects. The concept of the new system, however, is basically independent of the number and type of sensors, as well as of the method of signal processing. The transputer-based measuring system thus provides a flexible, efficient tool for applications in which great amounts of data have to be evaluated or manipulated quickly. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146128
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uncommon vascular naevi associated with focal acantholytic dyskeratosis (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical and experimental dermatology 27 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2230
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita and vascular twin naevi are rare vascular anomalies in which focal acantholytic dyskeratosis is usually not observed. We describe a 44-year-old-man who presented for evaluation of skin lesions that had been present since birth. Physical examination revealed anaemic macules adjacent to a naevus telangiectaticus on the chest. Naevus anaemicus was also seen on the shoulders, arms, and left leg. There was bluish–reddish reticulate marking of the skin and cutaneous atrophy. Shortening and hypoplasia of the left leg was observed. Histologic examination of two biopsy specimens revealed focal acantholytic dyskeratosis. In vivo confocal laser scanning microscopy showed dilated capillaries and vessels of the upper dermal plexus in the telangiectatic and decreased capillary blood flow in the anaemic skin sites. The findings were consistent with a diagnosis of cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita, vascular twin naevi, and incidental focal acantholytic dyskeratosis. The particularities of the present case are the following: firstly, the association of two rare vascular anomalies to which the genetic concept of mosaicism can be applied; secondly, the occurrence of incidental focal acantholytic dyskeratosis in sites of vascular naevi.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2230.2002.01028.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultraviolet protection by summer textiles. Ultraviolet transmission measurements verified by determination of the minimal erythema dose with solar-simulated radiation (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 144 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background  Apart from sunscreen lotions, clothing provides protection from acute and chronic sun damage. Therefore, it is very important to know the ultraviolet (UV) protection factor (UPF) of textiles, in particular of lightweight summer clothing. Usually, the UPF of a textile is determined by spectrophotometric assessment of the UV transmission (in vitro method). Objectives  To compare the relationship between in vitro tests and in vivo tests of UPF using solar simulators for determination of the minimal erythema dose (MED), applied to 30 different summer textiles. Methods  Thirty summer textiles were spectrophotometrically assessed, and UPFs were calculated with respect to the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) erythemal action spectrum.1 Based on the in vitro UPFs ‘on skin’ and ‘off skin’, in vivo testing was performed using a solar simulator for the determination of the MEDunprotected and MEDprotected. Results  The UPFs obtained from in vivo‘on skin’ testing were significantly (r = 0·95; P 〈 0·001) lower than the predicted in vitro UPFs. This disparity was also confirmed by chromometric assessment of the MED testing; the erythemal responses measured after textile protection were significantly (P 〈 0·001) higher than those obtained without protection. However, the in vivo‘off skin’ UPFs did not significantly (r = 0·98; P 〉 0·05) differ from the in vitro UPFs; comparison of the chromometrically assessed erythemal responses was also insignificant (P 〉 0·05). Conclusions  The different correlation between in vitro and in vivo measurements of the UPF may be due to the optical–geometrical properties of textiles and the different amount of direct and diffuse radiation passing through the spaces between the yarns. As spectrophotometric measurements of a textile may generally yield lower UPFs than those obtained under average field conditions, the in vitro test method provides ‘safe’ UPF values representing a ‘worst-case scenario’. In contrast to in vitro testing, in vivo methods are much more expensive and time-consuming. Thus, with respect to practicality, spectrophotometric measurements seem to be most suitable for the evaluation of UV protection of textiles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04072.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Precision of laser Doppler scanning in clinical use (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental dermatology 20 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2230
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Reactions of the cutaneous microcirculation to local stimuli have been quantitated in terms of area of erythema (planimetry), change in colour (colorimetry) and time-dependent changes in perfusion (one-dimensional laser Doppler fluxmetry (LDF)). Using the new technique of laser Doppler scanning (LDS) it is now possible to quantify and demonstrate two-dimensional patterns of microvascular perfusion in terms of intensity and extent. The precision of this new technique was compared with the previously established techniques by examining the reactions of 15 healthy volunteers to the intracutaneous injection of carbacholin and isotonic NaCl solutions. Both stimuli were applied paravertebrally, on the left and right side. Reactions were examined alter 10 min. As a control for temporal reproducibility the examination was repeated on another dayAll methods allowed the differentiation of reactions to carbacholin from those to NaCl (P〈inlineGraphic alt="leqslant R: less-than-or-eq, slant" extraInfo="nonStandardEntity" href="urn:x-wiley:03076938:CED371:les" location="les.gif"/〉 0·0001). Only colorimetry and I.DS provided data that were unequivocally reproducible when comparing both sides (r 〈inlineGraphic alt="geqslant R: gt-or-equal, slanted" extraInfo="nonStandardEntity" href="urn:x-wiley:03076938:CED371:ges" location="ges.gif"/〉 0·78). Using LDF or planimetry, reproducibility of values was lower (r 〈inlineGraphic alt="leqslant R: less-than-or-eq, slant" extraInfo="nonStandardEntity" href="urn:x-wiley:03076938:CED371:les" location="les.gif"/〉 0·58). When looking; at measurements performed on different days, only values of LDS were reproducible (r 〈inlineGraphic alt="geqslant R: gt-or-equal, slanted" extraInfo="nonStandardEntity" href="urn:x-wiley:03076938:CED371:ges" location="ges.gif"/〉·). Hyperaemic areas seen with LDS were significantly larger than those determined by planimetry.Results of LDS are reproducible spatially and temporally: the technique will allow time-course observations of skin reactions that are accompanied by medium-term changes in perfusion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2230.1995.tb01352.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Change in ultraviolet (UV) transmission following the application of vaseline to non-irradiated and UVB-exposed split skin (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 143 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background  Topical preparations such as emollients used in combination with phototherapy can interfere with such treatment. Objectives This study was performed to investigate the impact of vaseline on the ultraviolet (UV) transmission of non-irradiated split skin and on split skin previously exposed to UVB radiation. Methods Split-skin specimens were obtained from 20 patients. In each case, one sample was taken from an area of non-irradiated skin, while the second was taken from an area that had been previously exposed to UVB. The transmission was spectrophotometrically measured with split skin placed in specially designed quartz glass cuvettes before and after the application of two different amounts of vaseline (2·5 and 17·5 mg cm−2). Results Application of vaseline to skin previously exposed to UVB caused significant (P 〈 0·0001) changes in UV transmission in certain wavelength ranges. In the UVA range, a greater increase in transmission was achieved with 2·5 mg cm−2 vaseline, whereas in the UVB range, a greater increase was achieved with 17·5 mg cm−2 vaseline. The thicker the layer of vaseline applied, the lower was the difference in transmission between non-irradiated split skin and UVB-exposed split skin. Conclusions Application of the correct amount of vaseline can enhance transmission in either the UVA or UVB range, and would enable dose reduction during a course of phototherapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2000.03706.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A New Synthesis of 2,7-Naphthyridine Derivatives1 (1954)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 76 (1954), S. 3220-3222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01641a037
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimal simulated annealing schedules for self similar systems (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 5501-5508 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The successful application of the stochastic optimization method known as simulated annealing can depend very much on the appropriate annealing schedule. While determining optimal schedules for arbitrary complex optimization problems is beyond the current scope, we here determine optimal schedules for a special class of systems with known properties. The state spaces of these special systems have the structure of self similar trees. Using methods of optimal control theory, we are able to predict the optimal schedule analytically for two distinct optimization criteria. These predictions are shown to be in good agreement with numerical results. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.359253
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