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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Altered Calcium Homeostasis in Cells Transformed by Mitochondria from Individuals with Parkinson's Disease (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 68 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract: Parkinson's disease may be linked to defects in mitochondrial function. Mitochondrially transformed cells (cybrids) were created from Parkinson's disease patients or disease-free controls. Parkinson's disease cybrids had 26% less complex I activity, but maintained comparable basal calcium and energy levels. Parkinson's disease cybrids recovered from a carbachol-induced increase in cytosolic calcium 53% more slowly than controls even with lanthanum and thapsigargin blockade. Inhibition of complex I with the Parkinson's disease-inducing metabolite 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) similarly reduced the rate of recovery after carbachol. This MPP+-induced reduction in recovery rates was much more pronounced in control cybrids than in Parkinson's disease cybrids. Parkinson's disease cybrids had less carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone-releasable calcium. Bypassing complex I with succinate partially restored Parkinson's disease cybrid, and MPP+ suppressed control cybrid recovery rates. The subtle alteration in calcium homeostasis of Parkinson's disease cybrids may reflect an increased susceptibility to cell death under circumstances not ordinarily toxic.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.68031221.x
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of cutting date and frequency on yield and quality of kudzu in the southern United States (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Grass and forage science 58 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Kudzu [Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi.], a vigorous, perennial warm-season legume, grows widely throughout the south-eastern United States, predominantly as a volunteer species. It is tolerant of drought and acidic, infertile soils and may have potential as a low-input forage for livestock. A field experiment was undertaken to determine the effects of cutting date and frequency on yield and nutritive value of kudzu (20-year-old stand with no fertilizer or lime inputs) in central Georgia. The cutting treatments included an uncut control, and plots cut once (September), twice (July and September), and three times (June, July, and September) during the 1994 growing season. Dry matter (DM) production and forage quality were determined for total herbage, leaf and stem tissues from quadrat samples taken on all plots in June, July, September, and November (after a killing frost) in 1994, and in June, 1995. Total herbage and leaf DM production was highest for the three-harvest system and lowest in the no-cut control plots in 1994, but these results were reversed in the harvest made in 1995. Total herbage production and crude protein concentrations were similar in kudzu cut in the initial summer harvest (either June, July, or September) during the first year. Whole plant and stem in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) in these samples declined throughout the growing season, while leaf IVDMD was unchanged until the first frost. Kudzu has the potential to be a low-input forage for livestock, particularly as supplemental drought feed, or as a protein bank for summer or autumn grazing.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2494.2003.00369.x
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Seasonal patterns of diet composition, herbage intake and digestibility identify limitations to performance of weaner sheep grazing native pasture in the Falkland Islands (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Grass and forage science 60 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: The botanical composition, intake and digestibility of the diet consumed by 1-year-old weaner sheep grazing a native white grass plant community in the Falkland Islands was measured in five periods between June 1998 and March 1999. Five different sheep were used in each period. Two methods were used for estimating the botanical composition of the diet: plant cuticle patterns in the faeces of the sheep and the patterns of concentrations of n-alkanes in the faeces of sheep. These methods were used to predict the concentrations of C32- and C33-alkanes in the herbage to allow the estimation of herbage intake and digestibility using the n-alkane technique. It was concluded that the n-alkane technique gave more accurate estimates of diet composition based on the comparison with estimates of nutrient intake derived from liveweight gains of sheep. The dominant pasture species, Cortaderia pilosa, was the predominant species consumed during the cooler periods of the year. In the summer, when the highest liveweight gains of sheep occur, the proportion of fine grass species, including Poa spp., Festuca magellanica and Agrostis capillaris, and herbs and sedges in the diet was highest. Herbage intake was the highest during the summer periods when digestibility was also at its peak. Estimated nutritional deficiencies of metabolizable energy, crude protein, phosphorus and vitamin D3 that limit the growth and development of weaner sheep were evident for up to 9 months of the year. Targeted supplementation regimes that counter specific nutrient deficiencies could be developed on the basis of these results to address critical periods in the growth of young sheep.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.2005.00484.x
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Perplexing findings in a cystic teratoma (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Cytopathology 12 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2303
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2303.2001.0289b.x
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Reliability of progressive and additive MRI scoring systems for evaluation of haemophilic arthropathy in children: Expert MRI Working Group of the International Prophylaxis Study Group (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Haemophilia 11 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2516
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary.  Effective treatment of haemophilic arthropathy requires a detailed evaluation of joint integrity. Methodological assessment of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scores are needed to assure reproducibility of measurements when comparing results of clinical trials conducted in different centres. We compared the reliability of two MRI scoring systems for assessment of haemophilic arthropathy: one progressive system that displays the most severe change and one additive system that depicts osteochondral and soft tissue-related changes. A total of 47 1.5 T MRI examinations of knees (n = 21) and ankles (n = 26) of 42 haemophilic boys, age range, 22 months to 18 years, performed at different centres (Toronto, n = 20, Europe, n = 12 and Denver, n = 15) were independently reviewed by four radiologists at two occasions. Twenty-two examinations were from children 〈9 years and 25 from children ≥9. Sagittal and coronal gradient-echo (MPGR, 3D FLASH with fat saturation, GRASS) images were obtained. The MRI examinations of the ankle and knee studies presented with osteochondral abnormalities in 38.5% and 23.8% of the cases respectively. The two scoring systems demonstrated an excellent inter-reader [progressive, 0.88; additive (A, e, s and h components), 0.86] and intra-reader [progressive, 0.92; additive (A, e, s and h components), 0.93] reliability using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Although ICCs were slightly higher for knees when compared with ankles, and for older children when compared with younger children, all values fell within excellent inter- and intra-reader reliability categories. The two MRI scoring systems demonstrated a comparable reliability. This result constitutes the basis for further development of a combined MRI scoring system for assessment of haemophilic arthropathy, which incorporates progressive and additive components.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2516.2005.01097.x
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Compatible scales for progressive and additive MRI assessments of haemophilic arthropathy (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Haemophilia 11 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2516
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary.  The international MRI expert subgroup of the International Prophylaxis Study Group (IPSG) has developed a consensus for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scales for assessment of haemophilic arthropathy. A MRI scoring scheme including a 10 step progressive scale and a 20 step additive scale with identical definitions of mutual steps is presented. Using the progressive scale, effusion/haemarthrosis can correspond to progressive scores of 1, 2, or 3, and synovial hypertrophy and/or haemosiderin deposition to 4, 5, or 6. The progressive score can be 7 or 8 if there are subchondral cysts and/or surface erosions, and it is 9 or 10 if there is loss of cartilage. Using the additive scale, synovial hypertrophy contributes 1–3 points to the additive score and haemosiderin deposition contributes 1 point. For osteochondral changes, 16 statements are evaluated as to whether they are true or false, and each true statement contributes 1 point to the additive score. The use of these two compatible scales for progressive and additive MRI assessments can facilitate international comparison of data and enhance the accumulation of experience on MRI scoring of haemophilic arthropathy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2516.2005.01049.x
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  • 7
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    B7-H4 Modulates Regulatory CD4+ T Cell Induction and Function via Ligation of a Semaphorin 3a/Plexin A4/Neuropilin-1 Complex [IMMUNE REGULATION] (2018)
    The American Association of Immunologists (AAI)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-07-24
    Beschreibung: The potent immune regulatory function of an agonistic B7-H4-Ig fusion protein (B7-H4Ig) has been demonstrated in multiple experimental autoimmune models; however, the identity of a functional B7-H4 receptor remained unknown. The biological activity of B7-H4 is associated with decreased inflammatory CD4 + T cell responses as supported by a correlation between B7-H4–expressing tumor-associated macrophages and Foxp3 + T cells within the tumor microenvironment. Recent data indicate that members of the semaphorin (Sema)/plexin/neuropilin (Nrp) family of proteins both positively and negatively modulate immune cell function. In this study, we show that B7-H4 binds the soluble Sema family member Sema3a. Additionally, B7-H4Ig–induced inhibition of inflammatory CD4 + T cell responses is lost in both Sema3a functional mutant mice and mice lacking Nrp-1 expression in Foxp3 + T cells. These findings indicate that B7-H4Ig binds to Sema3a, which acts as a functional bridge to stimulate an Nrp-1/Plexin A4 heterodimer to form a functional immunoregulatory receptor complex resulting in increased levels of phosphorylated PTEN and enhanced regulatory CD4 + T cell number and function.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1767
    Digitale ISSN: 1550-6606
    Thema: Medizin
    Publiziert von The American Association of Immunologists (AAI)
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  • 8
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Cross-Immunoreactivity between Bacterial Aquaporin-Z and Human Aquaporin-4: Potential Relevance to Neuromyelitis Optica [INFLAMMATION] (2012)
    The American Association of Immunologists (AAI)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-10-20
    Beschreibung: Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the CNS that is mediated, in part, by a self-reactive Ab against the astrocyte aquaporin-4 protein. In the current study, we examined the possibility and the biological significance of cross-immunoreactivity between bacterial aquaporin-Z and human aquaporin-4 proteins. Sequence-alignment analysis of these proteins revealed several regions of significant structural homology. Some of the homologous regions were also found to overlap with important immune and disease-relevant epitopes. Cross-immunoreactivity between aquaporin-Z and aquaporin-4 was investigated and ascertained in multiple immune-based assays using sera from patients with neuromyelitis optica, immune mouse serum, and Abs raised against aquaporin-Z. The biological significance of this phenomenon was established in series of experiments demonstrating that induction of an immune response against aquaporin-Z or its homologous regions can also trigger an autoimmune reaction against aquaporin-4 and inflammation of the CNS. Our study indicates that the autoimmune response against aquaporin-4 in neuromyelitis optica may be triggered by infection-induced cross-immunoreactivity and presents a new perspective on the pathogenesis of this disease.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1767
    Digitale ISSN: 1550-6606
    Thema: Medizin
    Publiziert von The American Association of Immunologists (AAI)
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  • 9
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Cutting Edge: CD99 Is a Novel Therapeutic Target for Control of T Cell-Mediated Central Nervous System Autoimmune Disease [CUTTING EDGE] (2016)
    The American Association of Immunologists (AAI)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-02-06
    Beschreibung: Leukocyte trafficking into the CNS is a prominent feature driving the immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Blocking the recruitment of inflammatory leukocytes into the CNS represents an exploitable therapeutic target; however, the adhesion molecules that specifically regulate the step of leukocyte diapedesis into the CNS remain poorly understood. We report that CD99 is critical for lymphocyte transmigration without affecting adhesion in a human blood–brain barrier model. CD99 blockade in vivo ameliorated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and decreased the accumulation of CNS inflammatory infiltrates, including dendritic cells, B cells, and CD4 + and CD8 + T cells. Anti-CD99 therapy was effective when administered after the onset of disease symptoms and blocked relapse when administered therapeutically after disease symptoms had recurred. These findings underscore an important role for CD99 in the pathogenesis of CNS autoimmunity and suggest that it may serve as a novel therapeutic target for controlling neuroinflammation.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1767
    Digitale ISSN: 1550-6606
    Thema: Medizin
    Publiziert von The American Association of Immunologists (AAI)
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  • 10
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Cutting Edge: MicroRNA-223 Regulates Myeloid Dendritic Cell-Driven Th17 Responses in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis [CUTTING EDGE] (2016)
    The American Association of Immunologists (AAI)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-02-06
    Beschreibung: Myeloid cells play a crucial role in the induction and sustained inflammation in neuroinflammatory disorders, such as multiple sclerosis. miR-223, a myeloid cell–specific microRNA, is one of the most upregulated microRNAs in multiple sclerosis patients. We demonstrate that miR-223–knockout mice display significantly reduced active and adoptive-transfer experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis that is characterized by reduced numbers of myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) and Th17 cells in the CNS. Knockout mDCs have increased PD-L1 and decreased IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-23 expression, as well as a reduced capacity to drive Th17, but not Th1, cell differentiation. Thus, miR-223 controls mDC-induced activation of pathologic Th17 responses during autoimmune inflammation.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1767
    Digitale ISSN: 1550-6606
    Thema: Medizin
    Publiziert von The American Association of Immunologists (AAI)
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