Note: Intro -- FRUCTOSE -- FRUCTOSE -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- UNHEALTHY DIET INTAKE DURING THE PERI-NATAL AND ADULT PERIODS: DETRIMENTAL NEUROENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC EFFECTS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS -- 2.1. Experimental Design I: Impact of FRD Consumption by the Lactating Mother on Metabolic and Neuroendocrine Functions in the First Male Offspring in the Adult Age -- 2.1.1. Animals and Diets -- 2.1.2. Studies Performed in Basal Condition -- 2.1.3. Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT) -- 2.1.4. Hypothalamic Sensitivity to Leptin -- 2.1.5. Morphological Characteristics of the AT -- 2.1.6. Isolation and Incubation of RPAT Cells -- 2.1.7. Measurement of Peripheral Biomarkers -- 2.1.8. Tissue RNA Isolation and Real-Time PCR -- 2.1.9. Medial Basal Hypothalamus: Western Blot Analysis -- 2.2. Experimental Design II: Impact of FRD Consumption by the Naive Adult Male Rat -- 2.2.1. Animals and Diets -- 2.2.2. Chemicals -- 2.2.3. Peripheral Metabolite Measurements -- 2.2.4. Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT) -- 2.2.5. Histological Studies in AAT -- 2.2.6. Enzymatic Antioxidant Activities and Lipid Soluble Antioxidants in AAT -- 2.2.7. Thiobarbituric acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) Measurement -- 2.2.8. Lipid Composition in AAT -- 2.2.9. Leptin Release by AAT -- 2.2.10. Gene Expression in AAT -- 3. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS -- 4. RESULTS -- 4.1. Experiment 1: FRD Administration to Normal Lactating Mothers: Neuroendocrine and Metabolic Impact on the First Adult Male Offspring -- 4.1.1. Body Weight, Energy Intake and Peripheral Metabolites in Lactating Mothers -- 4.1.2. Impact of FRD Administration to Lactating Mothers upon Offspring BW, Food Intake and Peripheral Biomarkers -- 4.1.3. Peripheral Adipokine Profile in 60 Day-old Male CD and FRD Rats -- 4.1.4. GTT in Adult Male Offspring from CD or FRD Lactating Mothers. , 4.1.5. Adult Offspring RPAT: Morphological Characteristics and Function -- 4.1.6. Hypothalamic Circuitry Controlling Food Intake in Adult Male Rats -- 4.1.7. Leptin Sensitivity in the CD and FRD Offspring -- 4.2. Experiment II: Effect of Short-Time FRD Administration to Naive Adult Male Rats -- 4.2.1. Dietary Intake, BW and Peripheral Biomarkers in Adult CD and FRD Male Rats -- 4.2.2. FRD-induced Modifications in AAT Mass and Adipocyte Characteristics -- 4.2.3. Impact of FRD on AAT FA Composition/Release and Redox State -- 4.2.4. Adipokines, IRS-1 and IRS-2 mRNAs Expressions in AAT Pads -- 4.2.5. In Vitro Leptin Secretion by Isolated Adipocytes from CD and FRD Rats -- 5. DISCUSSION -- 5.1. Detrimental Long-term Effect of Feeding Lactating Mothers with a FRD upon the Offspring's Health -- 5.2. FRD Administration to Adult Rats and Adiposity Dysfunction -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- HIGH-FRUCTOSE CONSUMPTION AND METABOLIC DISEASES -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS -- SOURCES OF FRUCTOSE -- FRUCTOSE CONSUMPTION -- METABOLIC ASPECTS OF FRUCTOSE -- Intestinal absorption -- Hepatic Metabolism -- First Steps of Fructose and Glucose Metabolism -- Metabolic Fate of Triose-P from Fructose -- Endogenous Fructose Production -- Ectopic Lipid Deposition -- FRUCTOSE AND EXERCISE -- EFFECTS OF DIETARY FRUCTOSE -- Dyslipidemia -- Obesity and Fructose -- Uric acid and Fructose -- Hypertension and Fructose -- Metabolic Syndrome / Insulin Resistance / Diabetes -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- FRUCTOSE AND NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- FRUCTOSE CATABOLISM IN THE LIVER -- FRUCTOSE CONSUMPTION AND ITS IMPACT ON BODY MASS -- EFFECT OF FRUCTOSE ON INSULIN SENSITIVITY: -- IMPACT OF FRUCTOSE ON LEPTIN SIGNALING -- IMPACT OF FRUCTOSE ON GHRELIN SECRETION. , Fructose Consumption and Hepatic Inflammation -- HIGH FRUCTOSE CONSUMPTION AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE -- ASSOCIATION OF FRUCTOSE CONSUMPTION WITH NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE -- MECHANISTIC INSIGHT INTO FRUCTOSE-INDUCED FATTY LIVER DISEASE -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEGMENT -- REFERENCES -- DETRIMENTAL EFFECTS OF EXCESSIVE FRUCTOSE INGESTION ON MEMORY AND OTHER BRAIN FUNCTIONS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- PERIPHERAL EFFECTS -- CENTRAL EFFECTS -- POSSIBLE MECHANISMS -- PHYSIOLOGICAL RELEVANCE -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- ROLE OF FRUCTOSE IN BODY FUNCTIONS: AN OVERVIEW -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- Fructose Synthesis -- SPECIFIC FUNCTION OF FRUCTOSE -- Health Implication of Fructose -- Fructose and Insulin Resistance -- Fructose and Diabetes Mellitus -- Fructose and Obesity -- Fructose and Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver (NAFLD) -- Fructose and Metabolic Syndrome -- Fructose and Uric Acid -- Fructose, Advanced Glycation End-Products, and Aging -- Functional Bowel Disturbances -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- FRUCTOSE FACILITATES ALCOHOL METABOLISM -- DEFINITION, DISCOVERY AND PROBLEMS OF ALCOHOL -- ALCOHOL PHARMACOKINETICS -- The Oxidative Metabolism of Ethanol -- BIOCHEMICAL BASIS OF THE METABOLIC CONSEQUENCES OF ALCOHOL -- ALCOHOLISM AND RELATED PROBLEMS -- Clinical Presentations of Alcoholism -- TREATMENT OF ALCOHOL-INDUCED PROBLEMS -- FRUCTOSE ACCELERATES BLOOD ETHANOL ELIMINATION RATE (BEER) -- Mechanisms of the Stimulatory Effect of Fructose on Blood Ethanol Elimination Rate (BEER) -- Challenges of the "Fructose Effect" -- HONEY AND ALCOHOL METABOLISM -- REFERENCES -- FRUCTOSE AND THE CONTROL OF FOOD INTAKE -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- Fructose and Obesity Animal Models -- Sugar Solution Access and the Control of Food Intake -- The 11 HSD Hypothesis and Fructose -- mRNA in Liver and Mesenteric Adipose 11β-HSD-1 mRNA. , Sugar Solutions and the Hypothalamus -- Do Different Sugars Affect the Controls of Intake Differently? -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- ABBREVIATIONS -- EFFECT OF FRUCTOSE ON HEALTH -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF FRUCTOSE -- Lactulose Stimulates the Growth of Health-Promoting Bacteria in the Gastrointestinal Tract, and Inhibits Growth of Pathogenic Bacteria -- Dietary Fructooligosaccharides and Potential Benefits on Health -- Calcium Fructoborate Reduces Exacerbated Cellular Immune Responses Induced by Fusarium Toxins -- DELETERIOUS EFFECTS OF FRUCTOSE -- The Role of Fructose-Enriched Diets in Mechanisms of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease -- Fructose: A Highly Lipogenic Nutrient Implicated in Insulin Resistance, Hepatic Steatosis, and the Metabolic Syndrome -- Fructose-Induced Increase in Ethanol Metabolism and the Risk of Syndrome X -- Metabolic and Behavioural Effects of Sucrose and Fructose/Glucose Drinks -- Fructose and Changes in Triglyceride or Body Weight -- A High-Fructose Diet Worsens Eccentric Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Experimental Volume Overload -- Fructose and Hypertension -- Nutrition and Alzheimer's Disease: The Detrimental Role of a High Carbohydrate Diet -- Increased Fructose Intake as a Risk Factor for Dementia -- Aqueous Extract of Globularia Alypum Decreases Hypertriglyceridemia and Ameliorates Oxidative Status of the Muscle, Kidney, and Heart in Rats Fed a High-Fructose Diet -- Grape Seed Extract Supplementation Prevents High-Fructose Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance in Rats By Improving Insulin and Adiponectin Signalling Pathways -- Effects of a Maternal Diet Supplemented with Chocolate and Fructose Beverage during Gestation and Lactation on Rat Dams and their Offspring. , Maternal Fructose Intake during Pregnancy and Lactation Alters Placental Growth and Leads to Sex-Specific Changes in Fetal and Neonatal Endocrine Function -- DISCUSSION -- REFERENCES -- MAMMALIAN TRIOKINASE AND DIHYDROXYACETONE KINASE ARE THE SAME ENZYME -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION: FRUCTOSE METABOLISM -- THE REPORTED PROPERTIES OF TRIOKINASE -- DIHYDROXYACETONE KINASE -- "TRIOKINASE" IS THE SAME ENZYME AS DIHYDROXYACETONE KINASE -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- INDEX.