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  • 1
    ISSN: 1600-0714
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection is associated with oral manifestations of diagnostic and prognostic importance. With the advent of Highly Active Anti-retroviral Therapy (HAART) there is anecdotal evidence to suggest that the prevalence of oral lesions has declined. The number of prevalence studies, carried out in the era of HAART is, however, meagre. Our aim was to study the prevalence of the oral manifestations of HIV in a population, predominantly on HAART, attending a Genito-Urinary Medicine Centre in South London.Methods:  This cross sectional study included 203 adult volunteers, comprising 76% males and 24% females. One third of the subjects were from the predominantly African or Afro- Caribbean ethnic minority groups resident in London. The relationship between the prevalence of oral lesions and demographic variables, therapeutic regimes, viral load and CD4 counts were evaluated.Results:  One hundred (49%) of the patients had no detectable oral lesions. Oral lesions detected most frequently included oral hairy leukoplakia (9.9%), HIV associated periodontal diseases (9.9%) and oral candidiasis (4.9%). Three subjects had multiple papillomatous growths. Most cases (n = 17/20) of oral hairy leukoplakia were in individuals with a detectable (〉 400 copies/ml) plasma RNA viral load. The majority (n = 8/10) of our patients with oral candidiasis had a plasma RNA viral load 〉 10,000 copies/ml and half (n = 5/10) had a CD4 count 〈 200 cells/mm3. Logistic regression analysis suggested that the presence of an oral lesion was not associated with any demographic features except for periodontal diseases which were associated with tobacco smoking (P = 0.023).Conclusions:  The prevalence of so called ‘strongly associated’ oral lesions of HIV is low in this South London HIV-infected population on HAART, and the relative frequency is different from that cited in the literature from the pre-HAART era. The oral lesions detected were found mostly in people with low CD4 counts and high HIV-1 RNA viral loads, suggesting they were very immunocompromised, not on, or declining therapy, or that their therapy was failing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 36 (1984), S. 253-259 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Noctuidae ; Heliothis punctiger ; Bacillus thuringiensis ; microbial control ; model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'action de Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Thuricide® HPSC WP) contre les chenilles d'Heliothis punctiger Wallengren a été contrôlée sur des graines de luzerne lors d'un essai en plein champ aven un carré latin 4×4. Les doses appliquées correspondaient à 1120, 560 et 112 g/ha. Tandis que les effectifs de chenilles ont augmenté dans les carrés témoins au cours des 4 jours après l'intervention, un grand nombre d'entre elles a été tué sur les 3 types de carrés traités. Les effects des 2 doses les plus élevées ont été semblables; la mortalité sur ces carrés ayant été respectivement de 69 et 71% le 4ème jour. Les grosses chenilles semblent avoir été touchées au même titre que les stades plus jeunes. Un modèle permettant de prévoir la mortalité de l'insecte cible a été appliqué aux données de l'essai en champ. En utilisant les données statistiques sur le taux de consommation des chenilles, la quantité de spores de B. thuringiensis initialement déposée sur le feuillage et le taux d'inactivation des spores exposées aux conditions écologiques, on a pu obtenir une estimation de la dose moyenne de spores ingérée par rapport à la dose médiane de traitement. A partir de cette dose, il a été possible d'évaluer la mortalité espérée des chenilles de 3éme stade dans le champ. La valeur obtenue était 66%, tandis que la mortalité obtenue au bout de 3 jours dans le champ était 71%. La discussion porte sur les conséquences de l'obtention d'une mortalité dans la nature prédictible dans un programme de lutte intégrée.
    Notes: Abstract The effect of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Thuricide® HPSC WP) was tested against larvae of Heliothis punctiger Wallengren on seed lucerne in a 4×4 latin square field trial. Application rates corresponded to 1120, 560 and 112 g/ha. While larval numbers in the control plots increased for 4 days after application, numbers were suppressed in the three treatments. The effect of the two higher rates was similar-mortality in those plots was 69% and 71% respectively on Day 4. Large larvae appeared to be suppressed to the same extent as younger instars. A model for the prediction of target insect mortality was applied to data from the field trail. Using the statistics of feeding rate of larvae, the initial deposit of B. thuringiensis spores on foliage and the rate of inactivation of spores when exposed to environmental conditions, an estimate of average dose of spores ingested at the median application rate was obtained. From this dose the expected mortality in the field for third instar larvae was estimated. This value was 66%, while mortality obtained in the field after 3 days was 71%. The implications of the attainment of predictable field mortality as part of an integrated control programme are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 20 (1994), S. 306-306 
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Ionized calcium ; Hypocalcemia ; Lactate ; Lactic acidosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Plasma ionized calcium [Ca++] concentrations are decreased in patients having lactic acidosis. To further investigate this observation, we prospectively studied nine critically ill patients who had lactic acidosis and measured arterial pH, PCO2, [Ca++], lactate, and albumin concentrations. We found a strong association between decreased [Ca++] and increased plasma lactate concentrations (r 2=0.78,p≤0.001). This unexpected association — [Ca++] usually increases with increasing acidosis — might be clinically important and the mechanism deserves further investigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 13 (1987), S. 425-427 
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Metabolic acidosis ; Sodium bicarbonate ; Acute renal failure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In a patient with viral pneumonia, acute respiratory and renal failure and metabolic acidosis, a reduction in left ventricular stroke work was observed on the three occasions that 100 ml of 8.4% sodium bicarbonate was infused. Blood pressure and cardiac output decreased on two of the occassions. Since intravenous sodium bicarbonate may produce adverse cardiovascular effects, a right heart catheter should be inserted to monitor these effects when alkali therapy is administered to an acutely ill patient with metabolic acidosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 19 (1993), S. 362-363 
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Conclusion ISE are not suitable for the measurement of ionized calcium under clinical conditions when anions like acetate, lactate or malate are present in concentrations of about 5–10 mmol/l.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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