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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Developmental changes in localization of NMDA receptor subunits in primary cultures of cortical neurons (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 10 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Immunoblot analysis, using antibodies against distinct N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor subunits, illustrated that the NR2A and NR2B subunit proteins have developmental profiles in cultured cortical neurons similar to those seen in vivo. NR1 and NR2B subunits display high levels of expression within the first week. In contrast, the NR2A subunit is barely detectable at 7 days in vitro (DIV) and then gradually increased to mature levels at DIV21. Immunocytochemical analysis indicated that NMDA receptor subunits cluster in the dendrites and soma of cortical neurons. Clusters of NR1 and NR2B subunits were observed as early as DIV3, while NR2A clusters were rarely observed before DIV10. At DIV18, NR2B clusters partially co-localize with those of NR2A subunits, but NR2B clusters always co-localize with those of NR1 subunits. Synapse formation, as indicated by the presence of presynaptic synaptophysin staining, was observed as early as 48–72 h after plating. However, in several neurons at ages less than DIV5 where synapses were scarce, NR2B and NR1 clusters were abundant. Furthermore, while NR2B subunit clusters were seen both at synaptic and extrasynaptic sites, NR2A clusters occurred almost exclusively in front of synaptophysin-labelled boutons. This result was supported by electrophysiological recording of NMDA-mediated synaptic activity [NMDA-excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs)] in developing neurons. At DIV6, but not at DIV12, CP101, 606, a NR1/NR2B receptor antagonist, antagonized spontaneously occurring NMDA-EPSCs. Our data indicate that excitatory synapse formation occurs when NMDA receptors comprise NR1 and NR2B subunits, and that NR2A subunits cluster preferentially at synaptic sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.1998.00169.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Highly efficient and bright doped organic electroluminescent diodes using an aluminum electrode (1999)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 31 (1999), S. 1227-1233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Keywords: brightness ; efficiency ; electroluminescence ; organic diode
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Remarkable improvement in efficiency and electroluminescence (EL) has been observed in an organic EL device, which consists of a hole-transport layer and a luminescent layer. The hole-transport layer is an N,N′-bis(3-methyphenyl)-N,N′-diphenylbenzidine film. The doped emitting layer consists of 8-(quinolinolate)-aluminum as the host and rubrene as the emission dopant. The doped cell with aluminum cathode demonstrated a luminance in excess of 20,000 cd/m2 and an external quantum efficiency of 2.7%, which is about four times and three times, respectively, greater than those of the undoped cell. The EL emission from the device shows spectral narrowing and a shift to higher energy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006936914557
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A note on optimal multiway split trees (1991)
    Springer
    BIT 31 (1991), S. 220-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9125
    Keywords: E.1 ; I.1.2 ; Split tree ; dynamic programming
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Split trees are suitable data structures for storing records with different access frequencies. Under assumption that the access frequencies are all distinct, Huang has proposed anO(n 4 logm) time algorithm to construct an (m+1)-way split tree for a set ofn keys. In this paper, we generalize Huang's algorithm to deal with the case of non-distinct access frequencies. The technique used in the generalized algorithm is a generalization of Hesteret al.'s, where the binary case was considered. The generalized algorithm runs inO(n 5 logm) time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01931282
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of group BStreptococcus toxin on long-term survival of mice bearing transplanted Madison lung tumors (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 120 (1994), S. 479-484 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Cancer therapy ; Inflammation ; Endothelial cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract GBS toxin is a polysaccharide exotoxin produced by group BStreptococcus. This organism causes sepsis and respiratory distress in human neonates (so-called early onset disease). This disease is marked by a strong inflammatory response only in the lung, with pulmonary sequestration of granulocytes and extensive capillary endothelial damage, and occurs only during the first few days after birth. We have found that a similar inflammatory response can be induced by i.v. infusion of picomole quantities of GBS toxin in the developing vasculature of transplanted tumors in mice and can significantly retard the tumor growth. When optimum treatment with GBS toxin was started shortly after tumor implantation, a majority of tumors in the mice regressed and the mice remained tumor-free for over 5 months. Some tumors regressed in mice receiving short-term treatment with GBS toxin, but recurred after the treatment was stopped. Median survival times were extended by all regimens and all doses of GBS toxin tested. No evidence of toxicity to the vasculature of other tissues was observed. GBS toxin is being tested for cancer therapy in humans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01191801
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soluble E-selectin in cancer patients as a marker of the therapeutic efficacy of CM101, a tumor-inhibiting anti-neovascularization agent, evaluated in phase I clinical trial (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 123 (1997), S. 173-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: CM101 ; GBS toxin ; Cancer ; Inflammation ; Neovascularization ; Angiogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A polysaccharide toxin, GBS toxin, is produced by group BStreptococcus (GBS) isolates from neonates who died of “early-onset disease”. GBS toxin, named CM101 in the clinic, was hypothesized, on the basis of our previous in vivo studies, to induce inflammation in pulmonary neovasculature in neonates by crosslinking of embryonic receptors still expressed after birth and in tumor neovasculature in adults. Immunohistochemical in vitro analysis of human biopsies showed that tumor neovasculature is indeed a binding site for CM101. In vivo studies in mice have demonstrated that CM101 induced inflammatory responses in neoplastic tumor neovasculature causing inhibition of tumor growth and tumor cell necrosis. These experimental observations warranted a phase I clinical trial for CM101 as an anti-neovascularization agent in human cancer therapy. Cancer patients received one cycle of therapy consisting of three treatments during 1 week. CM101 was administered over 15 min by i.v. infusion. Dosages of 7.5 μg/kg (1 U/kg),n=3; 15 μg/kg (2 U/kg),n=6; 24.75 μg/kg (3.3 U/kg),n=3; and 37.5 μg/kg (5 U/kg),n=3 were used. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent sandwich assays (ELISA) of the patients' sera showed a marked elevation of soluble E-selectin with a peak concentration observed at 8–12 h after each CM101. infusion. The average baseline value for soluble E-selectin prior to the first treatment was 97.3±23.4 ng/ml (mean±SEM,n=15) and the average peak level at 8 h was 441.6±62.4 (mean±SEM,n=15;P〈0.001). Subsequent treatments gave average maximum soluble E-selectin levels again at 8 h of 466.9±87.6 and 412.0±67.8 ng/ml, for treatment 2 and 3 respectively. Baseline values for treatment 2 and 3 were 192.3±26.4 and 226.4±26.1 ng/ml respectively (p〈0.01 versus treatment 1). Out of 15 patients, 5 showed tumor reduction or stabilization and were given additional cycles of therapy. CM101 induced an increase in soluble E-selectin levels, which remained elevated over baseline at the start of the following treatment cycles. The baseline remained elevated for several weeks after the final treatment, i.e.,P〈0.01 for levels before treatment 1 compared to those at week 4 after treatment. Elevated soluble E-selectin is considered proof of endothelial engagement in an inflammatory process. Our data support the contention that the inflammatory response observed in these cancer patients is targeting the tumor neovasculature and that measurement of soluble E-selectin levels in patients treated with CM101 can provide important information on the magnitude of CM101-mediated neovascular endothelial activation and tumor cell damage in cancer of endothelial origin, or cancer with a major neo-angiogenic component.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01214670
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soluble E-selectin in cancer patients as a marker of the therapeutic efficacy of CM101, a tumor-inhibiting anti-neovascularization agent, evaluated in phase I clinical trial (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 123 (1997), S. 173-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Key words CM101 ; GBS toxin ; Cancer ; Inflammation ; Neovascularization ; Angiogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  A polysaccharide toxin, GBS toxin, is produced by group B Streptococcus (GBS) isolates from neonates who died of “early-onset disease”. GBS toxin, named CM101 in the clinic, was hypothesized, on the basis of our previous in vivo studies, to induce inflammation in pulmonary neovasculature in neonates by crosslinking of embryonic receptors still expressed after birth and in tumor neovasculature in adults. Immunohisto chemical in vitro analysis of human biopsies showed that tumor neovasculature is indeed a binding site for CM101. In vivo studies in mice have demonstrated that CM101 induced inflammatory responses in neoplastic tumor neovasculature causing inhibition of tumor growth and tumor cell necrosis. These experimental observations warranted a phase I clinical trial for CM101 as an anti-neovascularization agent in human cancer therapy. Cancer patients received one cycle of therapy consisting of three treatments during 1 week. CM101 was administered over 15 min by i.v. infusion. Dosages of 7.5 μg/kg (1 U/kg), n=3; 15 μg/kg (2 U/kg), n=6; 24.75 μg/kg (3.3 U/kg), n=3; and 37.5 μg/kg (5 U/kg), n=3 were used. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent sandwich assays (ELISA) of the patients’ sera showed a marked elevation of soluble E-selectin with a peak concentration observed at 8–12 h after each CM101 infusion. The average baseline value for soluble E-selectin prior to the first treatment was 97.3±23.4 ng/ml (mean±SEM, n=15) and the average peak level at 8 h was 441.6±62.4 (mean±SEM, n=15; P〈0.001). Subsequent treatments gave average maximum soluble E-selectin levels again at 8 h of 466.9±87.6 and 412.0±67.8 ng/ml, for treatments 2 and 3 respectively. Baseline values for treatments 2 and 3 were 192.3±26.4 and 226.4±26.1 ng/ml respectively (p〈0.01 versus treatment 1). Out of 15 patients, 5 showed tumor reduction or stabilization and were given additional cycles of therapy. CM101 induced an increase in soluble E-selectin levels, which remained elevated over baseline at the start of the following treatment cycles. The baseline remained elevated for several weeks after the final treatment, i.e., P〈0.01 for levels before treatment 1 compared to those at week 4 after treatment. Elevated soluble E-selectin is considered proof of endothelial engagement in an inflammatory process. Our data support the contention that the inflammatory response observed in these cancer patients is targeting the tumor neovasculature and that measurement of soluble E-selectin levels in patients treated with CM101 can provide important information on the magnitude of CM101-mediated neovascular endothelial activation and tumor cell damage in cancer of endothelial origin, or cancer with a major neo-angiogenic component.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01214670
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antitumor effects of GBS toxin: a polysaccharide exotoxin from group Bβ-hemolytic streptococcus (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 120 (1993), S. 63-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Endothelial cells ; Inflammation ; Cancer therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A group B streptococcus (GBS) isolated from human neonates diagnosed with sepsis and respiratory distress (“early-onset disease”) produces a polysaccharide exotoxin (GBS toxin) that, when infused in sheep, causes lung pathophysiology similar to that seen in humans. Histological studies have demonstrated that GBS toxin induces a strong inflammatory response in the lung, with pulmonary sequestration of granulocytes and extensive capillary endothelial damage. The susceptibility of humans to GBS toxin is age-dependent and limited to about 4 days after birth. It is rarely evident thereafter. This suggests that the binding of GBS toxin to the target endothelium occurs via specific components in the developing lung endothelial cells of the newborn that are later lost. We report here that GBS toxin can also bind to developing endothelium associated with neoplasia and induce an inflammatory response. GBS toxin was shown by immunohistochemistry to bind to capillary endothelium of human large-cell carcinomas. In nude mice bearing human tumor xenografts, intravenously administered GBS toxin caused tumor necrosis and hemorrhagic lesions, and substantially inhibited the rate of growth of the tumors. In BALB/c mice bearing Madison lung tumors, GBS toxin induced an inflammatory response resulting in marked changes in tumor morphology, including vasodilation, endothelial and tumor cell necrosis, invasion of lymphocytes and macrophages, and capillary thrombosis. In these tumor models, no evidence of toxicity to the vasculature of other tissues was observed. The reported pathophysiology of GBS in human neonates, the lack of disease in non-neonates colonized with GBS, and these results suggest that GBS toxin may have potential as a well tolerated agent in cancer therapy of some human tumors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01200726
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organic electroluminescent devices and their application (1999)
    Springer
    Czechoslovak journal of physics 49 (1999), S. 849-857 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9486
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Several organic electroluminescent devices have been fabricated by multi-source high vacuum deposition system. For high brightness organic electroluminescent device, the maximum brightness is over 40000 cd/m2. For quantum well structures, quantum size effect has been investigated and the high light emission efficiencies of the devices have been obtained. White-light emission from organic multi-quantum well structures is proposed at first. Brightness of the white-light MQW devices reaches 4000 cd/m2 at 17 V.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021205627564
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Big Cities Health Inventory, 1997 (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of community health 23 (1998), S. 471-489 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3610
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This manuscript reports on the publication of a unique document, The Big Cities Health Inventory, 1997: The Health of Urban U.S.A. , which was released in July 1997 by the Chicago Department of Public Health (CDPH). The report presents data on 20 important health indicators such as AIDS, cancers, tuberculosis, sexually transmitted diseases, homicide, heart disease, infant mortality and low birthweight. Indicators of morbidity are gathered from participating local health departments and indicators of mortality and maternal and child health are obtained from vital records files provided by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). The data are displayed and analyzed in two sections. The first consists of a series of tables presenting overall rates, gender and race/ethnicity-specific rates and city rankings according to these measures. These rankings provide meaningful comparisons between and within cities for specific demographic characteristics. The second component presents sample analyses which illustrate the possible uses of this information. The report represents an important tool for health professionals, researchers, policy makers and community advocates dedicated to promoting healthier cities. Such array of city-level data, to our knowledge not available from any other source, could indeed begin to lead to public health interventions that will impact the well-being of residents of large urban areas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018762225523
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  • 10
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    Unknown
    The complex jujube genome provides insights into fruit tree biology (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-30
    Description: Article The jujube is a major dry fruit crop in China and is commonly used for medicinal purposes. Here the authors sequence the genome and transcriptome of the most widely cultivated jujube cultivar, Dongzao, and highlight the genetic and molecular basis of agronomically important jujube traits, such as vitamin C content. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms6315 Authors: Meng-Jun Liu, Jin Zhao, Qing-Le Cai, Guo-Cheng Liu, Jiu-Rui Wang, Zhi-Hui Zhao, Ping Liu, Li Dai, Guijun Yan, Wen-Jiang Wang, Xian-Song Li, Yan Chen, Yu-Dong Sun, Zhi-Guo Liu, Min-Juan Lin, Jing Xiao, Ying-Ying Chen, Xiao-Feng Li, Bin Wu, Yong Ma, Jian-Bo Jian, Wei Yang, Zan Yuan, Xue-Chao Sun, Yan-Li Wei, Li-Li Yu, Chi Zhang, Sheng-Guang Liao, Rong-Jun He, Xuan-Min Guang, Zhuo Wang, Yue-Yang Zhang, Long-Hai Luo
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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