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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone (CRH) Expression and Protein Kinase A Mediated CRH Receptor Signalling in an Immortalized Hypothalamic Cell Line (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Journal of neuroendocrinology 15 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2826
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is a 41 amino acid neuropeptide which plays an important role in the stress response in the hypothalamus. We describe the development of an immortalized hypothalamic cell line which expresses CRH. We hypothesized that this cell line would possess the relevant characteristics of parvocellular CRH-expressing neurones such as glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression and vasopressin (VP) coexpression. For production of hypothalamic cells, embryonic day 19 rat pup hypothalami were dissected and dissociated into tissue culture dishes. They were immortalized by retrovirus-mediated transfer of the SV40 large T antigen gene at 3 days of culture and then screened for expression of CRH following dilution cloning. One cell line was chosen (IVB) which exhibited CRH-like immunoreactivity (CRH-LI) and expressed CRH, VP and CRH1 receptor RNA via the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. In addition, the cell line expressed the neuronal marker, microtubule-associated protein-2. We verified that the CRH-LI from IVB cell lysates coeluted with CRH standard via reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Furthermore, oxidation of the lysate converted its HPLC profile to that identical with oxidized CRH standard. In addition, IVB cells exhibited high affinity binding to CRH. Incubation of IVB cells with CRH lead to increases in cAMP levels and protein kinase A activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Incubation of IVB cells with CRH also resulted in increases in phospho-cyclic-AMP response element binding protein (CREB) imunostaining as detected by immunocytochemical analysis. Finally, CRH treatment of IVB cell lines has been linked to CREB-mediated gene expression as determined via the PathDetect CREB trans-reporting system. The characteristics of IVB cells, such as CRH and VP coexpression, GR expression and a biologically active CRH-R1-mediated signalling pathway, suggest that this neuronal cell line may serve as model of parvocellular CRH neurones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2826.2003.01026.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Repeated Lipopolysaccharide Administration on Tissue Cytokine Expression and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Activity in Rats (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Journal of neuroendocrinology 13 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2826
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The effects of chronic immune challenge on cytokine expression and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) axis responses to stress were studied in Wistar rats after administration of increasing doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Repeated LPS (R-LPS) decreased body weight and increased adrenal weight and pituitary pro-opiomelanocortin mRNA levels. LPS injection increased plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone but the effect was attenuated in R-LPS. Plasma corticosterone but not ACTH responses to restraint were also reduced in R-LPS. Basal and restraint-stimulated corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) mRNA levels were lower in R-LPS, but responses to a new LPS injection were similar to controls. In contrast, type 1 CRH receptor (CRH-R1) mRNA responses to both LPS and restraint were blunted in R-LPS. Vasopressin mRNA levels in parvocellular neurones were higher in R-LPS, and increased further after restraint but not after a new LPS injection. Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) levels in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) increased after a single LPS or R-LPS (24 h after the last injection) but declined after a new injection in R-LPS. Interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 mRNAs increased in the pituitary, spleen and circumventricular organs after single or R-LPS, suggesting that cytokines may contribute to the activation of the HPA axis though pathways from the circumventricular organs as well as paracrine effects in the pituitary. The data show that (i) adaptation of the HPA axis during repeated LPS injection involves increases in vasopressin : CRH expression ratios in parvocellular neurones; (ii) that hypothalamic CRH and vasopressin responses to acute stimulation are independent of CRH-R1 expression in the PVN; and (iii) there is a dissociation between pituitary and adrenal responses to acute stress suggesting a decrease of adrenal sensitivity to ACTH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2826.2001.00684.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stepwise degradations and deamidation of the eye lens protein α-crystallin in ageing (1975)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 258 (1975), S. 264-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Fig. 1 Polypeptide chains of bovine a-crystallin and their postsynthetic modifications. The newly synthesised A2 and B2 chains are 173 and 175 residues long respectively, showing 57% sequence homology7'8. Deamidation in A2 of 123-Asn and possibly a second amide gives rise to A! (W. W. de J., F. J. ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/258264a0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Topside Ionosphere of Venus and its Interaction with the Solar Wind (1970)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 225 (1970), S. 533-534 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We have used the observed properties of the solar wind2 to determine order of magnitude estimates of the characteristic parameters in this interaction. A pressure balance at the stagnation point formed with the streaming pressure of the solar wind leads to a magnetic field build-up of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/225533a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    International unions concerned about biodata (2002)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 419 (2002), S. 777-777 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Sir The guaranteed and sustained public availability of primary, fundamental, experimental scientific data is a matter of considerable concern. Such data include (but are not exclusive to) nucleotide sequences of biological organisms, amino-acid sequences of proteins, ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/419777a
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Halothane and anaesthesia (1990)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 346 (1990), S. 227-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR-Evers et all reported that pharmacologically relevant concentrations of halothane bind saturably to a unique environment in brain. These findings seemed to be a significant contribution to our understanding of the molecular basis of anaesthesia, an area that remains controversial23. Recently, ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/346227b0
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genome sequencing and analysis of the versatile cell factory Aspergillus niger CBS 513.88 (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 25 (2007), S. 221-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] The filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger is widely exploited by the fermentation industry for the production of enzymes and organic acids, particularly citric acid. We sequenced the 33.9-megabase genome of A. niger CBS 513.88, the ancestor of currently used enzyme production strains. A high level ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt1282
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isomerization of γ-BHC to α-BHC in the Environment (1973)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 243 (1973), S. 480-481 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Because the insecticidal ? isomer degrades relatively fast for a chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide, especially in anaerobic conditions such as an aquatic soil environment3?5, accumulation of a and p isomers has been ascribed to selective metabolism by biological systems, an analogous explanation ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/243480a0
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