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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Insertion of an E. coli lacZ gene in Acetobacter xylinus for the production of cellulose in whey (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 231 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A mini-Tn10:lacZ:kan was inserted into a wild-type strain of Acetobacter xylinus by random transposon mutagenesis, generating a lactose-utilising and cellulose-producing mutant strain designated ITz3. Antibiotic selection plate assays and Southern hybridisation revealed that the lacZ gene was inserted once into the chromosome of strain ITz3 and was stably maintained in non-selective medium after more than 60 generations. The modified strain had, on the average, a 28-fold increase in cellulose production and a 160-fold increase in β-galactosidase activity when grown in lactose medium. β-Galactosidase activity is present in either lactose or sucrose medium indicating that the gene is constitutively expressed. Cellulose and β-galactosidase production by the modified strain was also evaluated in pure and enriched whey substrates. Utilisation of lactose in whey substrate by ITz3 reached 17 g l−1 after 4 days incubation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1097(04)00007-2
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The expansion of mechanistic and organismic diversity associated with non-ribosomal peptides (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 191 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Non-ribosomal peptides are a group of secondary metabolites with a wide range of bioactivities, produced by prokaryotes and lower eukaryotes. Recently, non-ribosomal synthesis has been detected in diverse microorganisms, including the myxobacteria and cyanobacteria. Peptides biosynthesized non-ribosomally may often play a primary or secondary role in the producing organism. Non-ribosomal peptides are often small in size and contain unusual or modified amino acids. Biosynthesis occurs via large modular enzyme complexes, with each module responsible for the activation and thiolation of each amino acid, followed by peptide bond formation between activated amino acids. Modules may also be responsible for the enzymatic modification of the substrate amino acid. Recent analysis of biosynthetic gene clusters has identified novel integrated, mixed and hybrid enzyme systems. These diverse mechanisms of biosynthesis result in the wide variety of non-ribosomal peptide structures and bioactivities seen today. Knowledge of these biosynthetic systems is rapidly increasing and methods of genetically engineering these systems are being developed. In the future, this may lead to rational drug design through combinatorial biosynthesis of these enzyme systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2000.tb09334.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the presence of peptide synthetase and polyketide synthase genes in the cyanobacterial genus Nodularia (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 196 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Nodularin is a hepatotoxin produced by the bloom-forming cyanobacterial species Nodularia spumigena. Putative peptide synthetase and polyketide synthase genes were detected in toxic strains of Nodularia by degenerate PCR. Using specific primer sets, peptide synthetase and polyketide synthase gene homologues were detected in nodularin-producing strains indicating a possible role of peptide synthetase and polyketide synthase enzyme complexes in the biosynthesis of nodularin. Strains of Nodularia isolated from around the world were also analyzed for the production of nodularin by the protein phosphatase 2A inhibition assay. The protein phosphatase inhibition assay and the molecular detection of peptide synthetase and polyketide synthase genes in Nodularia may be useful techniques for the assessment of nodularin-producing cyanobacteria in the environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2001.tb10566.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection and sequencing of the microcystin LR-degrading gene, mlrA, from new bacteria isolated from Japanese lakes (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 229 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: mlrA is the only microcystin-degrading gene detected in Sphingomonas sp. MJ-PV. The gene has an extremely rare nucleotide sequence and homologous genes have not yet been discovered in the DNA database. We discovered the existence of a gene homologous to mlrA in new microcystin-degrading bacteria, MD-1 and Y2. These strains possessed mlrA homologues, and the identities of the genes of MD-1 and Y2 with the corresponding MJ-PV exceeded 98% and 84%, respectively. On the other hand, the mlrA gene was not detected in laboratory strains of the closely related Sphingomonas spp. strains employing hemi-nested polymerase chain reaction detection using two primer sets. Although the microcystin-degrading bacteria were closely related strains, they did not cluster together as the same species. We can conclude that the mlrA gene is conserved in three different bacterial species, and it is unique to microcystin degraders but not to the genus Sphingomonas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1097(03)00847-4
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improved methods for in situ enzymatic amplification and detection of low copy number genes in bacteria (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 152 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We present alternative and improved protocols for in situ analysis of single copy genes in prokaryotes. Primed in situ amplification (PRINS) and cycle PRINS were used to detect, via the incorporation of a fluorescein labelled nucleotide, the presence of specific genes carried on both high and low copy number plasmids in individual cells of Escherichia coli and a marine bacterium, SW5. The optimised protocols described enabled a significant reduction in non-specific signals whilst maintaining high fluorescent activity via labelled nucleotide incorporation. In addition, nucleic acids were amplified linearly and were retained within the permeabilised microbial cells. These methods provide considerable advances in sensitivity, specificity and reliability compared to current protocols for bacterial in situ nucleic acid amplification.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1997.tb10410.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ecological and molecular investigations of cyanotoxin production (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 35 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2001.tb00782.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic potential for secondary metabolite production in stromatolite communities (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 243 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The cyanobacterial communities associated with stromatolites surviving in extreme habitats are a potentially rich source of bioactive secondary metabolites. We screened for the potential for production of bioactive metabolites in diverse species of cyanobacteria isolated from stromatolites in Hamelin Pool, Shark Bay, Australia. Using degenerate primer sets, putative peptide synthetase and polyketide synthase genes were detected from strains of Symploca, Leptolyngybya, Microcoleus, Pleuorocapsa, and Plectonema sp. Sequence analysis indicates the enzymes encoded by these genes may be responsible for the production of different secondary metabolites, such as hepatotoxins and antibiotics. Computer modelling was also conducted to predict the putative amino acid recognised by the unknown adenylation domain in the NRPS sequences. Mass spectral analysis also allowed the putative identification of the cyclic peptides cyanopeptolin S and 21-bromo-oscillatoxin A in two of the isolates. This is the first time evidence of secondary metabolite production has been shown in stromatolite-associated microorganisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsle.2004.12.019
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