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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of radiation on the skin and the basis of protection (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of cosmetic science 5 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This paper reviews current ideas concerning the reactions involved in sunburn, suntanning, premature ageing and carcinogenesis due to acute or chronic exposure to sunlight. The physiological mechanisms of protection involving melanin pigmentation, thickening of the epidermal horny layer and urocanic acid are briefly discussed. The importance of wavelengths from 290-315 nm (UV-B) for these reactions is emphasized as is the need to investigate further the involvement of longer wavelength (UV-A, 315-400 nm). L'influence des radiations sur la peau et les principes de la protection solaire Cet article passe en revue les données actuelles concernant les réactions impliquées dans les processus de brûlure, bronzage, vieillissement prématuré et carcinogenese dus aux expositions aigues ou chroniques de la peau à la lumière solaire. Les mécanismes physiologiques de protection qui mettent en oeuvre la pigmentation par la mélanine, l'épais-sissement de la couche cornée, et l'acide urocanique sont brièvement discutés. On insiste sur l'importance des UV-B (longueurs d'onde de 290 à 315 nm) dans ces réactions, de même que sur la nécessité d'entreprendre des études plus approfondies sur le rôle des UV-A (315-400 nm).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2494.1983.tb00334.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    AN INFANT RESUSCITATION TROLLEY (1959)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 66 (1959), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1959.tb02068.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Punch back Anaesthesia (1977)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 32 (1977), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1977.tb11667.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The airway of the edentulous patient (1976)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 31 (1976), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1976.tb12345.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An emergency trolley for cardiac resuscitation, etc. (1964)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 19 (1964), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1964.tb03699.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anæsthesia for orthopædic day cases (1958)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 13 (1958), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1958.tb08129.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CONTEXTUAL DISPARITIES IN GUIDELINES DEPARTURES: COURTROOM SOCIAL CONTEXTS, GUIDELINES COMPLIANCE, AND EXTRALEGAL DISPARITIES IN CRIMINAL SENTENCING (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Criminology 43 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-9125
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Law
    Notes: This study examines the theoretical and empirical linkages between criminal court social contexts and the judicial use of sentences that deviate from the recommendations of sentencing guidelines. Individual sentencing data from the Pennsylvania Commission on Sentencing (PCS) are combined with county-level measures of social context to examine predictions about the role courtroom characteristics play in judicial departures. Results from hierarchical analyses suggest that the likelihood of departure varies significantly across courts, even after accounting for variations in individual case characteristics. Several measures of courtroom social context—including the size of the court, its caseload pressure and the overall guidelines compliance rate—are significantly related to the individual likelihood of receiving a departure sentence. Moreover, the social context of the court also conditions the influence of various individual-level sentencing considerations. Findings are discussed in relation to contemporary theoretical perspectives on courtroom decision making and future directions for research on contextual disparities in criminal sentencing are suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0011-1348.2005.00023.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SENTENCING IN CONTEXT: A MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Criminology 42 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-9125
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Law
    Notes: Criminal sentencing is, along with arresting and prosecuting, among the most important of formal social control decisions. In this study we use hierarchical modeling to test hypotheses about contextual level influences and cross level interaction effects on local court decisions. Most of the explanatory “action,” our analysis shows, is at the individual case level in criminal sentencing. We also find evidence that local contextual features–such as court organizational culture, court caseload pressure, and racial and ethnic composition–affect sentencing outcomes, either directly or in interaction with individual factors. We conclude by discussing theoretical implications of our findings, and how our study points out some dilemmas among civil rights, local autonomy and organizational realities of criminal courts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.2004.tb00516.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RACIAL AND ETHNIC DISPARITIES IN SENTENCING DEPARTURES ACROSS MODES OF CONVICTION (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Criminology 41 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-9125
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Law
    Notes: Recent analyses of guideline sentencing practices have demonstrated that sentences departing from guidelines serve as a significant locus of racial/ethnic and other extralegal disparity. Little is known, however, about the ways that different courtroom processes, such as modes of conviction, condition these effects. Using recent data from the Pennsylvania Commission on Sentencing (PCS), I analyze the overall effects of race/ethnicity and other factors on judicial decisions to depart from the sentencing guidelines, and then I reexamine these relationships according to four modes of conviction (non-negotiated pleas, negotiated pleas, bench trials, and jury trials). I argue that the mode of conviction provides a useful indicator of the differential exercise of discretion by different courtroom actors in the sentencing process. As such, it is likely to condition the use of stereotypical patterned responses, thus moderating the effects of race/ethnicity and other relevant sentencing factors. Findings support this expectation, demonstrating that extralegal effects vary considerably across modes of conviction. These results raise important questions about the role of different courtroom actors in contributing to racial and ethnic disparities under sentencing guidelines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.2003.tb00994.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE JUVENILE PENALTY: A COMPARISON OF JUVENILE AND YOUNG ADULT SENTENCING OUTCOMES IN CRIMINAL COURT (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Criminology 42 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-9125
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Law
    Notes: This study uses criminal court data from the Pennsylvania Commission on Sentencing (PCS) to investigate the sentencing of juvenile offenders processed in adult criminal court by comparing their sentencing outcomes to those of young adult offenders in similar situations. Because the expanded juvenile exclusion and transfer policies of the 1990s have led to an increase in the number of juveniles convicted in adult courts, we argue that it is critical to better understand the judicial decision making processes involved. We introduce competitive hypotheses on the relative leniency or severity of sentencing outcomes for transferred juveniles and interpret our results with the focal concerns theoretical perspective on sentencing. Our findings indicate that juvenile offenders in adult court are sentenced more severely than their young adult counterparts. Moreover, findings suggest that juvenile status interacts with and conditions the effects of other important sentencing factors including offense type, offense severity and prior criminal record. We discuss these results as they relate to immediate outcomes for transferred juveniles, criminal court processes in general and the broader social implications for juvenile justice policy concerning the transfer of juveniles to criminal court.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.2004.tb00527.x
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