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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ciclosporin-Dependent, nu-Independent, Mucosal Interleukin 6 Response to Gram-Negative Bacteria (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 31 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Regulation of the mucosal inflammatory response to Gram-negative bacteria was analysed. The interleukin 6 (IL-6) secretion, influx of polymorphonuclear leucocytes into urine, and bacterial clearance from the kidneys were compared between Balb/c (nu/nu) and nu/± mice, with and without ciclosporin (CsA) treatment. There was no significant influence of the nu genotype on any of the host responses measured. CsA pretreatment significantly decreased II-6 secretion in both nu/nu and nu/± mice, but did not affect bacterial clearance or the leucocyte response in any mouse strain tested. Tissue damage, in addition to bacterial infection, resulted in significantly higher levels of IL-6 than bacterial infection alone. Tissue-damaged mice were significantly less likely to clear the bacterial infection than their non-damaged counterparts, but there was no significant difference in the leucocyte response. CsA pretreatment did not significantly reduce the levels of IL-6 in the tissue-damaged mice. These results demonstrate that the mucosal inflammatory response to Gram-negative infection, including IL-6 secretion, is nu-independent, and that bacterial infection alone or in combination with tissue damage induce IL-6 secretion by two different pathways.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1990.tb02776.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Urinary Immunoglobulins in Healthy Individuals and Children with Acute Pyelonephritis (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 21 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Urine samples obtained from children with acute pyelonephritis and from healthy children and adults were analysed with regard to the molecular form and specific antibody activity of urinary immunoglobulins. The urinary IgA and IgG levels were quantified in unconcentrated urine by radioimmunoassay. The children with urinary tract infection had significantly higher levels of IgG and IgA than age-matched controls but not higher than healthy adults. After tenfold concentration, the urine was fractionated on an Ultrogel AcA 22 column, and the IgA, secretory IgA, and IgG in the fractions were determined by radioimmunoassay. IgA in urine from healthy adults was predominantly represented by polymeric IgA linked to secretory component: small quantities of monomeric IgA were also present. IgG eluted in the position of the serum standard. Increased proportions of IgG and monomeric IgA were found in the infected patients. Specific antibody activity of the IgG and IgA classes to antigens of the infecting Escherichia coli strain was detected in whole and in fractionated urine from children with acute pyelonephritis. The specific antibody activity in healthy adults and children was low.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1985.tb01435.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterotopic Cortical Afferents to the Medial Prefrontal Cortex in the Rat. A Combined Retrograde and Anterograde Tracer Study (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 4 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Cortical afferent projections towards the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) were investigated with retrograde and anterograde tracer techniques. Heterotopical afferent projections to the medial prefrontal cortex arise in secondary, or higher order, sensory areas, motor areas and paralimbic cortices. On the basis of these projections three subfields can be discriminated within the mPFC. (1) The ventromedial part of mPFC, comprising the pre- and infralimbic areas, receives mainly projections from the perirhinal cortex. (2) The caudal two-thirds of the dorsomedial PFC, comprising frontal area 2 and the dorsal anterior cingulate area, receives projections from the secondary visual areas, the posterior agranular insular area and the retrosplenial areas. (3) The rostral one-third of the dorsomedial PFC is the main recipient of projections from the somatosensory and motor areas and the posterior agranular insular area. The laminar distribution of cells projecting to the mPFC varies considerably in the different cortical areas, just as the laminar distribution of termination of their fibres within the mPFC does. It is concluded that the corticocortical connections corroborate with subcortical connectivity in attributing to the mediodorsal projection cortex of the rat functions which are comparable to those of certain prefrontal, premotor and anterior cingulate areas in the monkey.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.1992.tb00111.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of P blood group phenotype on susceptibility to urinary tract infection (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 47 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Bacterial attachment is an important event in the pathogenesis of urinary tract infection (UTI). Increased receptivity on the host cells has been suggested influence proneness to infection. The dual function of the globoseries of glycolipids both as receptors for attaching E. coli and as P blood group antigens lead us to examine the P blood group phenotype distribution in UTI prone patient populations. A correlation between the P1 blood group phenotype and susceptibility to UTI was found. Patients with recurrent pyelonephritis had 74/79 (94%), P1 compared to 75% in healthy controls. In contrast patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU) had a reduced frequency of P1, 43/74 (58%). P1 and P2 individuals differ in amount and composition of the globoseries of glycolipids on their erythrocytes. A similar difference in other tissues, e.g. uroepithelial cells might explain the association of P1 with UTI. There was, however, no significant difference in bacterial adherence to uroepithelial cells from P1 and P2 individuals. Other mechanisms explaining the increase in P1 individuals in recurrent pyelonephritis are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1989.tb02422.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Secretor state and renal scarring in girls with recurrent pyelonephritis (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 47 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The non-secretor phenotype was significantly associated with the occurrence of renal scarring among patients with recurrent pyelonephritis. Girls (n= 77) with recurrent pyelonephritis were followed from the first known episode of infection for up to twelve years with repeated radiological investigations. They were divided into two categories: those with renal scars (n= 35) and those who did not develop scars (n= 42). There was a significant over-representation of non-secretors among the patients with scarring, (14/35, 40%) compared to the healthy controls (21.8%, P 〈 0.05). The frequency of non-secretors among the girls who did not develop scars in spite of repeated episodes of acute pyelonephritis was not significantly different from the healthy controls (9/42, 21%, n.s.). This study provides a basis for analysis of the influence of secretor state on host-parasite interaction in the urinary tract.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1989.tb02423.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Natural resistance to urinary tract infection determined by endotoxin-induced inflammation (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 49 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Uninary tract infections (UTI) are common, with frequencies ranging from about 1 to 10% in different age groups, Gram-negative bacteria dominate as causative agents. Defects in host resistance to bacteriuria have not been defined at the molecular level. The results of the present study demonstrate that endotoxin-induced inflammation mediates bacterial clearance from the kidneys. Genetic or pharmacologically induced defects in this function drastically impaired the natural resistance to infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1988.tb02719.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MUCOSAL IMMUNITY (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 409 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1983.tb26855.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RECEPTOR ANALOGUES AND ANTI-PILI ANTIBODIES AS INHIBITORS OF BACTERIAL ATTACHMENT IN VIVO AND IN VITRO (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 409 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1983.tb26900.x
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