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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Comparison of the Costs and Patient Acceptability of Professionally Applied Topical Fluoride Foam and Varnish (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of public health dentistry 64 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-7325
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objectives: In Canada and the United States, professionally applied topical fluorides (PATF) are usually applied as a gel or foam. However, fluoride varnish has also been found to be effective for caries prevention and may be a preferred method because less time is required and fluoride exposure can be better controlled. The goal of this study was to compare the costs and patient acceptability of two methods of PATF (foam and varnish). Methods: The study population was a convenience sample of high-risk children from the York Region and the city of Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, who had been identified as requiring fluoride therapy (n=256). Children received from dental hygienists either fluoride foam applied in trays or fluoride varnish painted on tooth surfaces. An observer recorded the time to perform each procedure, adverse outcomes, and the satisfaction of children with treatment. Results: The varnish technique took significantly less time compared to foam (5.81 vs 7.86 minutes; P〈.0001). Significant differences between procedure times were found in all age groups, but the largest difference was for children aged 3–6 years (5.22 vs 8.61 minutes; P〈.0001). Signs of gagging were observed in a lower proportion of participants who received varnish (3.8% vs 15.1 % P〈.01), and this difference was largest for children aged 3–6 years (2.6% vs 29.7% P〈.01). The cost per varnish application, for children aged 3–6 years, was substantially less after labor costs were considered ($3.43 vs $4.43, CDN). Conclusions: Varnish applications were found to take less time and resulted in fewer signs of discomfort. These results support the use of fluoride varnish in caries prevention programs, especially for younger children.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-7325.2004.tb02736.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identifying Children with Dental Care Needs: Evaluation of a Targeted School-based Dental Screening Program (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of public health dentistry 64 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-7325
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objectives: It has been suggested that changes in the distribution of dental caries mean that targeting high-risk groups can maximize the cost effectiveness of dental health programs. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a targeted school-based dental screening program in terms of the proportion of children with dental care needs it identified. Methods: The target population was all children in junior and senior kindergarten and grades 2, 4, 6, and 8 who attended schools in four Ontario communities. The study was conducted in a random sample of 38 schools stratified according to caries risk. Universal screening was implemented in these schools. The parents of all children identified as having dental care needs were sent a short questionnaire to document the sociodemographic and family characteristics of these children. Children with needs were divided into two groups: those who would and who would not have been identified had the targeted program been implemented. The characteristics of the two groups were compared. Results: Overall, 21.0 percent of the target population were identified as needing dental care, with 7.4 percent needing urgent care. The targeted program would have identified 43.5 percent of those with dental care needs and 58.0 percent of those with urgent needs. There were substantial differences across the four communities in the proportions identified by the targeted program. Identification rates were lowest when the difference in prevalence of need between the high- and low-risk groups was small and where the low-risk group was large in relation to the high-risk group. The targeted program was more effective at identifying children from disadvantaged backgrounds. Of those with needs who lived in households receiving government income support, 59.0 percent of those with needs and 80.1 percent of those with urgent needs would be identified. Conclusions: The targeted program was most effective at identifying children with dental care needs from disadvantaged backgrounds. However, any improvements in cost effectiveness achieved by targeting must be balanced against inequities in access to public health care resources.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-7325.2004.tb02729.x
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  • 3
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    A high-resolution bathymetry map for the Marguerite Bay and adjacent west Antarctic Peninsula shelf for the Southern Ocean GLOBEC Program (2005)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: One objective of the U.S. Southern Ocean Global Ocean Ecosystems Dynamics (SO GLOBEC) program is to gain a better understanding of the sea floor bathymetry in the program study area. Much of Marguerite Bay and the adjacent shelf west of the Antarctic Peninsula were poorly charted when the SO GLOBEC program started in 2000. Before the first SO GLOBEC cruise, an improved local area version (ETOPO8.2A) was created from the Smith and Sandwell (1997) topo_8.2.img 2-minute digital gridded bathymetry for the study area. The first SO GLOBEC mooring cruise on the R/V Lawrence M. Gould (March 2001) showed that the 2-minute spatial resolution of ETOPO8.2A did not resolve many of the canyons and abrupt changes in topography that characterize Marguerite Bay and the inner- to mid-shelf region. It also was not particularly accurate in the more uniform terrain regions. We then decided to collect as much multibeam bathymetry data as possible during the SO GLOBEC broad-scale survey cruises on the R/VIB Nathaniel B. Palmer and combine these data with all other available multibeam and trackline bathymetry data to construct a digital bathymetry database and map for the study area. The resulting database has high-resolution data over much of the shelf and parts of Marguerite Bay gridded at 2 seconds in latitude and 6 seconds in longitude spacing between 65° to 71° S and 65° to 78° W. This technical report describes the steps taken to assemble and construct this database and how to access the data via the Internet.
    Description: Funding was provided by the Office of Naval Research under Contract No. N00014-99-1-0213.
    Keywords: Bathymetry ; Marguerite Bay ; SO GLOBEC
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
    Format: 9109117 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
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    Warm core rings : an interdisciplinary study of warm core ring physics, chemistry, and biology; R/V Endeavor, R/V Knorr, R/V Oceanus April 1982 cruise reports (2014)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Keywords: Endeavor (Ship: 1976-) Cruise EN83 ; Knorr (Ship : 1970-) Cruise KN93 ; Oceanus (Ship : 1975-) Cruise OC118 ; Ocean circulation ; Marine biology ; Chemical oceanography ; Warm Core Rings
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Working Paper
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    Drawings and descriptions of some deep-sea copepods living above the Guaymas Basin hydrothermal vent field (2006)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: This report includes brief descriptions and illustrations of some of the copepods found in two bathypelagic MOCNESS samples. The MOCNESS was towed horizontally at an altitude of 100-200 m above the bottom in waters 1900 to 2000 m deep near hydrothermal vents in the southern trough of the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California. Some copepods from one Alvin dive plankton tow collected three to four meters from the bottom in the vent field (2000 m depth) are also included.
    Description: Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation through Grant No. OCE-8709962.
    Keywords: Copepods ; Zooplankton ; Guaymas Basin hydrothermal vents ; MOCNESS
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
    Format: 1803722 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
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    Particulate matter sinking to the deep-sea floor at 2000 M in the Tongue of the Ocean, Bahamas, with a description of a new sedimentation trap (2007)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Originally published in Journal of Marine Research 34 (1976): 341-354
    Description: A sedimentation trap for use just above the deep-sea floor was free-fallen to a depth of 2050 m in the Tongue of the Ocean canyon on January 3, 1974. On March 6, it was successfully recovered with the assistance of D.S.R.V. Alvin. The trap has a base 1 m square and a height of 30 cm. At the trap bottom are filters to retain falling particles. Two spring-powered sliding doors, each 1 m x 0.5 m, are used to close off the lower 2 cm of the trap during ascent to prevent disturbance of the particles collected on the filters. Total carbon on the filters as determined by high temperature combustion averaged 2301 mgC/m2 or an average on a daily basis of 36.5 mgC/m2. Similar filter aliquots were treated with cold phosphoric acid to eliminate the inorganic fraction. The resulting carbon values (X =: 5.7 mgC/m2/day) suggest 14% of the total carbon reaching the sea floor at 2000 m in this area is organic in origin. Fecal material is one readily identifiable component of the material contributing to the organic fraction. Counts of fecal pellets resulted in an estimate of an average of ~650 pellets/m2/day. Average pellet length was 241 μm and diameter was 109 μm. In laboratory experiments the pellets sank at rates varying from 50 m/day to 941 m/day (X at 5°C =159 m/day). Comparison of the sedimentation trap estimates of organic carbon input to the sea floor in this area with benthic energy requirements indicates that rapidly sinking small particulate matter could supply approximately 14% of the metabolic requirements of the benthos.
    Description: Prepared for the Office of Naval Research under Contract N00014-66-C-0241; NR 083-004 and the Atlantic Foundation.
    Keywords: Sedimentation trap ; Fecel pellets ; Particulate flux ; Lulu (Ship) Cruise
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
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    Copepods from warm-core ring 82-H (2014)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: See Supplementary information.txt for information regarding how access and use the files in WHOI-89-24-data.zip
    Description: Net tows were collected with a Multiple Opening/Closing Net Environmental Sampling System (MOCNESS) carrying twenty 1-m2 nets in October 1982 in and near warm-core ring 82-H in the North Atlantic (RV/Knorr cruise 98). This report includes the species list and abundance tables of the copepods found in five of the tows. There are four types of abundance tables: raw data, standardized to #/1000 m3 , integrated #/m2 to 1000 m depth, and cumulative percents over the depth of the tows.
    Description: Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation through grant Number OCE 80-12748, OCE 85-08350, OCE 87-09962, OCE 80-19055, and OCE 80-17271.
    Keywords: Copepoda ; Knorr (Ship : 1970-) Cruise KN98
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
    Format: application/zip
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: text/plain
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  • 8
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    Limits of Nematoscelis megalops in the northwestern Atlantic in relation to Gulf Stream cold core rings. I, Horizontal and vertical distributions (2014)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Originally published in the Journal of marine research, v. 36, 1, 1978, pp. 119-142
    Description: The hydrographic limit of the distribution of Nematoscelis megalops in the Northwestern Atlantic Ocean is usually marked by the abrupt changes in water properties across the Gulf Stream. There are, however, isolated but repeated occurrences of this species in the Sargasso Sea. In our study, individuals in the Sargasso Sea were expatriates from the Slope Water which had been transported to the collection site by Gulf Stream cold core rings with but two exceptions. The exceptional cases can be indirectly linked to the presence of rings. Expatriated populations do not persist. Extinction in a ring appears to take place in one or two generations, and for N. megalops it is related to changes in hydrographic properties, and in particular, the vertical temperature structure. Both in the Slope Water and in the ring 50% or more of the population is found in a restricted temperature regime centered about 10°C. As a ring ages, the preferred temperature regime and N. megalops along with it move deeper into the water column. The physiological and biochemical data given by Boyd, Wiebe and Cox (1978) combined with data given here indicate that withdrawal from the surface results in progressive deterioration of the nutritional condition of the population, a cessation of growth, a drastic reduction in the number of males relative to females, reproductive incapacitation, and ultimate extinction. It is conceivable that a process similar to that occurring in rings is responsible for the maintenance of the Gulf Stream as a hydrographic limit in the distribution of N. megalops.
    Description: Prepared for the Office of Naval Research under Contracts N00014-66-C-0241; NR 083-004 and N00014-74-C-0262; NR 083-004 and for the National Science Foundation under Grant DES 74-02783 A01
    Keywords: Ocean currents ; Zooplankton ; Atlantis II (Ship : 1963-) Cruise AII71 ; Atlantis II (Ship : 1963-) Cruise AII85 ; Chain (Ship : 1958-) Cruise CH111 ; Chain (Ship : 1958-) Cruise CH125 ; Knorr (Ship : 1970-) Cruise KN35 ; Knorr (Ship : 1970-) Cruise KN38 ; Knorr (Ship : 1970-) Cruise KN53 ; Oceanus (Ship : 1975-) Cruise OC7 ; Cold Core RIngs
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
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    Warm core rings : an interdisciplinary study of warm core ring physics, chemistry, and biology; R/V Endeavor, R/V Knorr, R/V Oceanus June 1982 cruise reports (2014)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Keywords: Endeavor (Ship: 1976-) Cruise EN86 ; Knorr (Ship : 1970-) Cruise KN95 ; Oceanus (Ship : 1975-) Cruise OC121 ; Albatross IV (Ship) Cruise ; Water masses ; Ocean circulation ; Marine biology ; Chemical oceanography ; Warm Core Rings
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Working Paper
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
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    A bibliography of physical, chemical, and biological studies of rings in the world's oceans (2014)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: This bibliography marks the end of several years of sporadic attempts to put together a set of references on rings. The scope of the effort encompasses the chemistry, biology, and physics of the long-lived, coherent features which are commonly referred to as rings after Fuglister (1972). There is a vast literature on the mesoscale eddy field in different parts of the world. The present set of references includes a subset of this body of work. The basic criterion used in the compilation of this bibliography is fairly narrow compared to the range of eddies found in the world's oceans. The emphasis here is on the highly nonlinear features formed due to the instability processes in boundary currents and in the planetary scale jet which surrounds the Antarctic. The nomenclature "ring", refers to the strong encircling current which forms a kinematic trap in which the core of the ring is embedded.
    Keywords: Water masses ; Ocean circulation ; Marine biology ; Chemical oceanography
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Working Paper
    Format: application/pdf
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