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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elevated neonatal salivary anti-casein immunoglobulin A antibodies as an indicator of atopic risk (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Pediatric allergy and immunology 2 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3038
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Elevation of salivary SIgA-anti-casein has been shown to occur in newborn infants at risk of allergy. The present study was designed to follow 158 infants over 3 years to relate the onset of clinical disease to SIgA levels at birth. Newborn infants were divided into 3 groups according to their risk of allergy: Group I, (n= 62; no allergy risk); Group II, (n -30; low allergy risk); Group III (n= 66; high risk group). The groups were matched for smoking, social background, sex, and dietary habits of the patients. SIgA-anti-casein was determined by a direct ELIS A. During the first year 59 infants developed atopic diseases (n= 37 of Groups I and II; n= 22 of Group III). After 3 years 37/61 infants of the high risk group had developed allergic symptoms. The frequency of atopic disease correlated with increased salivary antibody titers at birth (p 〈 0.05). 54% of infants with antibody titers 〉 250 EU/ml developed atopic symptoms at 1 year, 76% high risk infants with this titer developed atopic symptoms at 3 years of age. This study provides evidence that elevation of SIgA-anti-casein at birth not only reflects atopic risk as defined by cord blood IgE or family history, but correlates with the actual development of allergic disease during the first 3 years of life.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3038.1991.tb00204.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A subset of CD8+ T cells from allergic patients produce IL-4 and stimulate IgE production in vitro (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 27 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background and Objective A subset of IL-4 producing CD8+ T cells was recently identified in HIV patients. Based on these findings we examined whether IL-4 producing CD8+ T cells would also be present in allergic patients and what would be the functional relevance of this T-cell population.Methods We investigated the role of CD8+ T cells in IgE production of allergic diseases by analysing the cytokine profile of individual CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.Results In allergic patients about twice as many CD4+ T cells and six times as many CD8+ T cells produced IL-4 as in non-allergic controls. In contrast the frequency of IFNγ+ T-cell subsets did not significantly differ between the allergic and non-allergic individuals. The frequency of 1L4+CD8+ T cells correlated with the level of serum IgE. Coculture experiments with T cells or purified CD8+ T cells together with autologous B cells indicated that CD8+ T cells enhanced IgE in vitro, but not IgM production, even when they were physically separated from B cells. This effect could be partially blocked by addition of an IL-4 binding protein, a soluble IL-4 receptor indicating that lL-4 is involved in CD8+ T-cell mediated IgE production.Conclusions These data indicate a positive role of IL-4 secreting CD8+ T cells in IgE regulation in allergic patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.1997.1180931.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Controversies in Experimental Dermatology: What exactly is “atopy”? (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Experimental dermatology 7 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0625
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Several decades ago, Ingram already complained that “Atopy means exactly nothing, except in the mind of Coca and Cooke”. Despite very substantial progress in basic and clinical research on the atopic diseases, particularly in the areas of immunogenetics, cellular immunology and immunopharmacology, there is still a great deal of uncertainty, confusion and conflict on what exactly the basic underlying abnormality of the atopic diseases may be. Therefore, this inaugural feature of Controversies in Experimental Dermatology illustrates the ongoing dispute on one of the unsolved key problems of experimental and clinical dermatology, and sketches promising avenues for future research.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0625.1998.tb00308.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    T-cell receptor V elements regulate murine IgE production and airways responsiveness (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 47 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1992.tb02052.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    How can animal models lead to improved specific immunotherapy (SIT)? (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 54 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1999.tb04439.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    T cell receptor-Vβ repertoire in allergen-specific sensitization and increased airway responsiveness (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 50 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An animal model system was developed to study the mechanisms resulting in allergic sensitization. Local allergen exposure via the airways and the lung stimulated an allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) response that was paralleled by the development of increased airway responsiveness (AR). It was found that CD4+ T cells of local draining lymph nodes played an important role in the regulation of these events. Stimulation of allergen-specific T cells requires interaction between major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules (expressed on antigen-presenting cells), peptide (presented on MHC) and the T cell receptor. Allergen sensitization stimulated T cells that expressed a restricted T cell receptor Vβ (TCR-Vp) elements. Each allergen stimulated different Vβ elements, and sensitization to the same allergen resulted in a different pattern of TCR-Vβ stimulation in different lymphoid tissues. Some of these T cells had pro-allergenic effects, whereas others were able to inhibit the development of the allergic response, including the development of increased AR. These data indicate that the local T cell response regulates the type of immune response that evolves following local allergen sensitization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1995.tb04269.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protoberberine ausReissert-Verbindungen, 5. Mitt.: Synthese des (±)-Bharatamins (1996)
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 127 (1996), S. 173-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Reissert compound ; Intramolecular cyclization ; 2-Benzyloxy-3-methoxy-8H-dibenzo-[a,g]-8-quinolizione ; (±)-Bharatamine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Alkylation of theReissert compound1 by methyl 2-bromomethylbenzoate (2) followed by spontaneous intramolecular cyclization affords dibenzo [a,g]quinolizinone4 which in turn can be reduced to benzyl ether5 by LiAlH4/NaBH4. Debenzylation of5 by ethanolic HCl furnishes the title compound6 in improved total yield.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00807398
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stratigraphy and geological history of Eastern Venezuela (1957)
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 45 (1957), S. 728-759 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Eastern Venezuela is divided into three geologic-geographic provinces: The Guayana shield in the south; the Eastern Venezuelan basin in the central part; and the mountains of the Serranía del Interior and Cordillera de la Costa (Caribbean Cordillera) in the northern part. The stratigraphy and geological history are discussed, as reflected by rocks of presumably pre-Cambrian, ? Triassic-Jurassic, Cretaceous, Tertiary and Quaternary ages. From the Cretaceous onward, Eastern Venezuela north of the Guayana shield and east of the El BaÚl swell, forms part of a geosyncline, the axis of which shifted southward during its history. The position of this axis governed deposition and character of the sediments, which become more marine from south to north and from west to east. Orogenic and epeirogenic movements, particularly during Miocene and Pliocene time, transformed the Eastern Venezuelan sedimentary basin into two structural basins, namely the Maturín basin on the east and the Guárico basin on the west.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02296861
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protoberberine ausReissert-Verbindungen, 4. Mitt. Eine neue Synthese des (±)-Alamaridins und des (±)-epi-Alamaridins (1994)
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 125 (1994), S. 1397-1406 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Reissert compounds ; Intramolecular cyclization ; 8-Methylisoquino[2,1-b][2,7]naphthyridinium chlorides ; (±)-Alamaridine ; (±)-epi-Alamaridine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A novel synthesis of 8-methylisoquino[2,1-b][2,7]naphthyridinium salts7 is reported using the intramolecular cyclization of the 1-substituted isoquinolines5 as the key step, which in turn are obtained by alkylation of theReissert compounds1. The salts7 can be reduced by NaBH4 yielding the 8α- and 8β-methylstereomers (±)-alamaridine and (±)-epi-alamaridine9c and11c, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00811089
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soluble interleukin-4 receptor (sIL-4R) in allergic diseases (1999)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 48 (1999), S. 425-431 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Key words: Soluble IL-4R — Bronchial asthma — Atopic dermatitis — Allergic inflammation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The mediator interleukin-4 (IL-4) plays an important role in the development of allergic inflammatory responses. IL-4 controls the production of IgE, expands IL-4 producing T cell subsets and stabilises effector cells functions. Based on this concept, it was aimed to neutralize secreted IL-4 molecules using recombinant soluble IL-4 receptors. The molecular characterization of soluble IL-4 receptors allowed the design of a recombinant drug initially evaluated in cell culture, then in animal models, followed by investigations of T cell functions from allergic patients in vitro. Based on these data, phase I/II studies have been initiated to take this approach from bench to bedside. Initial data reveal that this approach is safe and without drug-related toxicity. Stabilization of lung functions in moderate asthma patients has been reported. These results have proven the concept for a central role of IL-4 in the immunopathogenesis of allergic diseases. The immediate future will reveal whether neutralization of IL-4 with suitable drugs will provide an additional tool in the management of allergic patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000110050482
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