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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatial interpolation of soil hydraulic properties and simulated rice yield (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 12 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. Simulated estimates of crop yield were made for rainfed rice in a 50 ha dryland rice area. The aim was to investigate how soil units and management units of different sizes with different yields could be used to obtain values for areas of land. Two procedures were applied. First, yields were simulated at six sites, that were representative of six soil mapping units. Second, yields were simulated using soil information from 133 auger sites, and were interpolated over management units using block kriging. Differences between the two procedures for the total area and for a test set of 22 additionally sampled locations were small. A 60% increase in precision was achieved when relatively large management units were defined.A Geographical Information System was used to identify areas with greatest yield potential for rainfed dryland rice. Statistical analysis showed that the six soil units could be grouped into three yield classes. The largest yields were obtained for a sub-area comprising 11% of the survey area which was associated with a slowly permeable Bg horizon in the soil profile.It was concluded that the best procedure for the spatial interpolation of simulated rice yield should be based on preliminary simulation of crop yields. A sensitivity analysis of the impact of weather variability and soil heterogeneity on the variation of yield was useful to detect the importance of their contributions. The procedures developed in this study are of value in obtaining a reliable estimate of average yield, and can consequently be used for associated cost-benefit calculations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.1996.tb00537.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Communication about parental illness with children who have learning disabilities and behavioural problems: three case studies (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Child 24 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2214
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Parental illness can have a profound impact on family relationships and children's behaviour. The amount and nature of communication between parents and children about the illness can play an important role, both positively and negatively, in mediating the outcomes. When children have a disability, families can be reluctant to communicate with them about family difficulties. They are often concerned about the impact that parental unavailability may have on their child's life. This paper reports on three families in which the mother was diagnosed with breast cancer and one child in the family had a disability. The extent and specific characteristics of their communication about the maternal illness with their children, behavioural changes in the children, explanations of communication strategies and attributions of behavioural changes are described. Family coping strategies are examined with reference to Lazarus's process model of stress and coping and the use of either problem-focused or emotion-focused strategies. Implications for possible clinical interventions are proposed. In particular it is suggested that families be offered consultation about: what children might understand ways in which to communicate effectively and strategies for coping with the long-term implications of serious parental illness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2214.1998.00081.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Psychosocial Adjustment in Siblings of Children with Chronic Life-Threatening Illness: a Research Note (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of child psychology and psychiatry 33 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-7610
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract The psychosocial functioning of 10 siblings of children with chronic life-threatening illness and their parents was compared with id healthy matched controls. The main differences found were in family relationships, with the index siblings expressing more negative emotion in relation to their fathers than controls, index mothers being less involved in social activities and index fathers being less involved with tin- extended family. No significant differences were found in any of the measures of depression, anxiety and sell' concept. Index siblings expressed a number of other concerns such as a fear of the break up of their family after the sick child died. The need for increased awareness of the welfare of healthy siblings as well as closer involvement of the fathers is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00913.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phylogenic homogeneity of Coxiella burnetii strains as determinated by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 113 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract DNA coding for the 16S rRNA of six strains of the obligate intracellular bacterium Coxiella burnetti was directly amplified from lysed host cells using the polymerase chain reaction. The amplification product was sequenced using a linear-PCR procedure and compared with other published 16S rRNA sequences. The results of this analysis confirm the position of C. burnetii in the gamma subgroup of the proteobacteria. The data show that all of the C. burnetii strains are highly related (〉 99%) on the basis of 16S rRNA sequences although they had different geographic origins and phenotypic characteristics. The data support a phylogenetic homogeneity of the genus Coxiella with only one species which is C. burnetii.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1993.tb06537.x
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  • 5
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    Cohort Profile: The Consortium of Health-Orientated Research in Transitioning Societies (2012)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-14
    Print ISSN: 0300-5771
    Electronic ISSN: 1464-3685
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 6
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    The evolution and function of vessel and pit characters with respect to cavitation resistance across 10 Prunus species (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-10
    Description: Various structure–function relationships regarding drought-induced cavitation resistance of secondary xylem have been postulated. These hypotheses were tested on wood of 10 Prunus species showing a range in P 50 (i.e., the pressure corresponding to 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity) from –3.54 to –6.27 MPa. Hydraulically relevant wood characters were quantified using light and electron microscopy. A phylogenetic tree was constructed to investigate evolutionary correlations using a phylogenetically independent contrast (PIC) analysis. Vessel-grouping characters were found to be most informative in explaining interspecific variation in P 50 , with cavitation-resistant species showing more solitary vessels than less resistant species. Co-evolution between vessel-grouping indices and P 50 was reported. P 50 was weakly correlated with the shape of the intervessel pit aperture, but not with the total intervessel pit membrane area per vessel . A negative correlation was found between P 50 and intervessel pit membrane thickness, but this relationship was not supported by the PIC analysis. Cavitation resistance has co-evolved with vessel grouping within Prunus and was mainly influenced by the spatial distribution of the vessel network.
    Print ISSN: 0829-318X
    Electronic ISSN: 1758-4469
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 7
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    Prenatal Famine Exposure and Adult Mortality From Cancer, Cardiovascular Disease, and Other Causes Through Age 63 Years (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-13
    Description: Nutritional conditions in early life may affect adult health, but prior studies of mortality have been limited to small samples. We evaluated the relationship between pre-/perinatal famine exposure during the Dutch Hunger Winter of 1944–1945 and mortality through age 63 years among 41,096 men born in 1944–1947 and examined at age 18 years for universal military service in the Netherlands. Of these men, 22,952 had been born around the time of the Dutch famine in 6 affected cities; the remainder served as unexposed controls. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios for death from cancer, heart disease, other natural causes, and external causes. After 1,853,023 person-years of follow-up, we recorded 1,938 deaths from cancer, 1,040 from heart disease, 1,418 from other natural causes, and 523 from external causes. We found no increase in mortality from cancer or cardiovascular disease after prenatal famine exposure. However, there were increases in mortality from other natural causes (hazard ratio = 1.24, 95% confidence interval: 1.03, 1.49) and external causes (hazard ratio = 1.46, 95% confidence interval: 1.09, 1.97) after famine exposure in the first trimester of gestation. Further follow-up of the cohort is needed to provide more accurate risk estimates of mortality from specific causes of death after nutritional disturbances during gestation and very early life.
    Print ISSN: 0002-9262
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-6256
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 8
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    Early gestation as the critical time-window for changes in the prenatal environment to affect the adult human blood methylome (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-01
    Description: Background: The manipulation of pregnancy diets in animals can lead to changes in DNA methylation with phenotypic consequences in the offspring. Human studies have concentrated on the effects of nutrition during early gestation. Lacking in humans is an epigenome-wide association study of DNA methylation in relation to perturbations in nutrition across all gestation periods. Methods: We used the quasi-experimental setting of the Dutch famine of 1944–45 to evaluate the impact of famine exposure during specific 10-week gestation periods, or during any time in gestation, on genome-wide DNA methylation levels at age ~ 59 years. In addition, we evaluated the impact of exposure during a shorter pre- and post-conception period. DNA methylation was assessed using the Illumina 450k array in whole blood among 422 individuals with prenatal famine exposure and 463 time- or sibling-controls without prenatal famine exposure. Results: Famine exposure during gestation weeks 1–10, but not weeks 11–20, 21–30 or 31-delivery, was associated with an increase in DNA methylation of CpG dinucleotides cg20823026 ( FAM150B ), cg10354880 ( SLC38A2 ) and cg27370573 ( PPAP2C ) and a decrease of cg11496778 ( OSBPL5 / MRGPRG) ( P 〈 5.9 x 10 –7 , P FDR 〈 0.031). There was an increase in methylation of TACC1 and ZNF385A after exposure during any time in gestation ( P 〈 2.0 x 10 –7 , P FDR = 0.034) and a decrease of cg23989336 ( TMEM105 ) after exposure around conception. These changes represent a shift of 0.3–0.6 standard deviations and are linked to genes involved in growth, development and metabolism. Conclusion: Early gestation, and not mid or late gestation, is identified as a critical time-period for adult DNA methylation changes in whole blood after prenatal exposure to famine.
    Print ISSN: 0300-5771
    Electronic ISSN: 1464-3685
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 9
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    Household context and child mortality in rural South Africa: the effects of birth spacing, shared mortality, household composition and socio-economic status (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-25
    Description: Background Household characteristics are important influences on the risk of child death. However, little is known about this influence in HIV-endemic areas. We describe the effects of household characteristics on children’s risk of dying in rural South Africa. Methods We use data describing the mortality of children younger than 5 years living in the Agincourt health and socio-demographic surveillance system study population in rural northeast South Africa during the period 1994–2008. Using discrete time event history analysis we estimate children’s probability of dying by child characteristics and household composition (other children and adults other than parents) ( N = 924 818 child-months), and household socio-economic status ( N = 501 732 child-months). Results Children under 24 months of age whose subsequent sibling was born within 11 months experience increased odds of dying (OR 2.5; 95% CI 1.1–5.7). Children also experience increased odds of dying in the period 6 months (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.2–3.6), 3–5 months (OR 3.0; 95% CI 1.5–5.9), and 2 months (OR 11.8; 95% CI 7.6–18.3) before another household child dies. The odds of dying remain high at the time of another child’s death (OR 11.7; 95% CI 6.3–21.7) and for the 2 months following (OR 4.0; 95% CI 1.9–8.6). Having a related but non-parent adult aged 20–59 years in the household reduces the odds (OR 0.6; 95% CI 0.5–0.8). There is an inverse relationship between a child’s odds of dying and household socio-economic status. Conclusions This detailed household profile from a poor rural setting where HIV infection is endemic indicates that children are at high risk of dying when another child is very ill or has recently died. Short birth intervals and additional children in the household are further risk factors. Presence of a related adult is protective, as is higher socio-economic status. Such evidence can inform primary health care practice and facilitate targeting of community health worker efforts, especially when covering defined catchment areas.
    Print ISSN: 0300-5771
    Electronic ISSN: 1464-3685
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 10
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    ESMO Consensus Guidelines for management of patients with colon and rectal cancer. A personalized approach to clinical decision making (2012)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-09-26
    Description: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common tumour type in both sexes combined in Western countries. Although screening programmes including the implementation of faecal occult blood test and colonoscopy might be able to reduce mortality by removing precursor lesions and by making diagnosis at an earlier stage, the burden of disease and mortality is still high. Improvement of diagnostic and treatment options increased staging accuracy, functional outcome for early stages as well as survival. Although high quality surgery is still the mainstay of curative treatment, the management of CRC must be a multi-modal approach performed by an experienced multi-disciplinary expert team. Optimal choice of the individual treatment modality according to disease localization and extent, tumour biology and patient factors is able to maintain quality of life, enables long-term survival and even cure in selected patients by a combination of chemotherapy and surgery. Treatment decisions must be based on the available evidence, which has been the basis for this consensus conference-based guideline delivering a clear proposal for diagnostic and treatment measures in each stage of rectal and colon cancer and the individual clinical situations. This ESMO guideline is recommended to be used as the basis for treatment and management decisions.
    Print ISSN: 0923-7534
    Electronic ISSN: 1569-8041
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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