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  • Blackwell Science Ltd  (4)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydraulic microhabitats and the distribution of macroinvertebrate assemblages in riffles (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Freshwater biology 50 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: 1. The influence of hydraulic conditions on the spatial distribution of macroinvertebrate assemblages was investigated in three riffles in a perennial Australian river.2. Velocity, depth and variability of substrate roughness were measured at each of 56 macroinvertebrate sampling locations. Complex hydraulic variables (roughness Reynolds number, shear velocity, Froude number) were calculated from combinations of two or three of the directly measured variables. The biological significance of directly measured and complex hydraulic variables was determined by a combination of univariate and multivariate statistical procedures.3. Macroinvertebrate abundance, number of taxa and community composition were significantly different between the identified roughness Reynolds number, Froude number, velocity and shear velocity microhabitats throughout the studied riffles.4. Regression analysis showed macroinvertebrate abundance and number of taxa were negatively related to roughness Reynolds number, shear velocity, velocity and Froude number. Depth was negatively related to abundance. In general, the majority of the macroinvertebrate community preferred the areas of riffles with the lowest near-bed turbulence.5. Roughness Reynolds number explained more of the spatial variation in invertebrate abundance, number of taxa and community composition than the other hydraulic variables, either directly measured or calculated. Of the directly measured variables, velocity had the greatest explanatory power, which was marginally less than roughness Reynolds number and shear velocity.6. This study demonstrated that small-scale differences in hydraulic conditions created by combinations of velocity, depth and substrate roughness have an important role in the spatial distribution of macroinvertebrate assemblages in riffle habitats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2004.01322.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    C-fos Induction in the Spinal Cord after Peripheral Nerve Lesion (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 3 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Immunocytochemical localization of a product of the proto-oncogene c-fos, Fos protein, was used to map the activity of a subset of rat spinal neurons at 3 days, 3 weeks and 3 months following section of the sciatic nerve. In a well-established experimental paradigm, the gene was induced by activation of primary afferent fibres with brief noxious sensory stimulation under anaesthetic. Central sciatic projections were demonstrated with isolectin B4 counterstain and GAP43 immunocytochemistry. In Rexed's lamina II of the spinal cord, in which there is somatotopic organization of afferent terminals, Fos-positive neurons were largely restricted to the projection area of intact peripheral nerves. Three days after a sciatic nerve lesion, the number of Fos-positive neurons in a cord region innervated by the saphenous nerve was similar to control levels, but was markedly increased by 3 weeks, remaining elevated at 3 months. Three weeks after sciatic nerve section the lectin stain in the area of sciatic representation had almost completely disappeared, and conversely GAP43 staining had greatly intensified. There was no evidence of invasion by Fos-immunoreactive cells of the area of sciatic representation. After 3 months both the size and the intensity of the lectin gap, and of the corresponding area of increased GAP43 immunoreactivity, appeared reduced. Thus a peripheral nerve lesion was followed by a delayed increase in excitability of the spinal cord as assessed by c-fos expression, so that greater numbers of second-order neurons were activated by sensory stimulation of an adjacent intact nerve. These changes may be related to the sensory abnormalities which follow nerve damage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.1991.tb00100.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Particularly ‘expensive cases’ (1998)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Haemophilia 4 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2516
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2516.04.s1.6.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sensory analysis (1998)
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of food science & technology 33 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2621
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Sensory methods can be loosely separated into two groups: discriminant methods and descriptive methods. Simple models of difference tests rest on a number of assumptions, and not only are they not very good at showing that samples are the same, they are not good at detecting small differences. Quantitative Descriptive Analysis was developed from the Flavor Profile Method, and used an interval scale with emphasis on statistical evaluation of results. A variation of descriptive analysis is Free-Choice Profiling, where data are normally examined by generalized Procrustes analysis. Initial suspicion of the results has been overcome by more rigorous testing of their reliability. Time-intensity measurement is a special case of descriptive analysis, where a single characteristic is tracked as it changes over a period of time. Time-intensity has only relatively recently achieved wide application, and there have been rather few methodological studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2621.1998.00154.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of the sensory profiles of regular and reduced-fat commercial processed cheese spreads (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of food science & technology 32 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2621
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The sensory character of 16 samples of commercial, processed cheese spread has been characterized. Samples were selected to provide information on variations both between brands and, for products differing in fat content, within brands. Products were rated for eight flavour attributes and six textural attributes by a panel of 13 professional assessors. Significant differences in both the flavour and the texture of the spreads were associated with brand. No systematic differences were found between the flavour attributes and the fat content of the spread. However, differences were revealed between spreads – classified on the basis of fat content as regular, light and ultra light – in the sensory dimensions associated with texture and mouth feel. Nevertheless, within some brands the effect of reducing fat content was minimal. This result was probably achieved by other changes in product formulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2621.1997.00404.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interkingdom signaling: Deciphering the language of acyl homoserine lactones (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology reviews 29 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6976
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Bacteria use small secreted chemicals or peptides as autoinducers to coordinately regulate gene expression within a population in a process called quorum sensing. Quorum sensing controls several important functions in different bacterial species, including the production of virulence factors and biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and bioluminescence in Vibrio fischeri. Many gram-negative bacterial species use acyl homoserine lactones as autoinducers that function as ligands for transcriptional regulatory proteins. Several recent reports indicate that bacterial acyl homoserine lactones can also affect gene expression in host cells. Direct signaling also appears to function in the opposite direction as some eukaryotic cell types produce mimics that interact with quorum sensing systems in bacteria. Here, we will describe the evidence to support the existence of bi-directional interkingdom signaling via acyl homoserine lactones and eukaryotic mimics and discuss the potential molecular mechanisms that mediate these responses. The functional consequences of interkingdom signaling will be discussed in relation to both pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacterial–host interactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsre.2005.03.001
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