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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Early pregnancy sex steroids and maternal risk of epithelial ovarian cancer
    Bioscientifica ; 2014
    In:  Endocrine-Related Cancer Vol. 21, No. 6 ( 2014-12), p. 831-844
    Details
    In: Endocrine-Related Cancer, Bioscientifica, Vol. 21, No. 6 ( 2014-12), p. 831-844
    Abstract: Well-established associations between reproductive characteristics and epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) support an involvement of sex steroid hormones in the etiology of EOC. Limited previous studies have evaluated circulating androgens and the risk of EOC, and estrogens and progesterone have been investigated in only one of the previous studies. Furthermore, there is little data on potential heterogeneity in the association between circulating hormones and EOC by histological subgroup. Therefore, we conducted a nested case–control study within the Finnish Maternity Cohort and the Northern Sweden Maternity Cohort to investigate the associations between circulating pre-diagnostic sex steroid concentrations and the histological subtypes of EOC. We identified 1052 EOC cases among cohort members diagnosed after recruitment (1975–2008) and before March 2011. Up to three controls were individually matched to each case ( n =2694). Testosterone, androstenedione, 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP), progesterone, estradiol (E 2 ), and sex hormone-binding globulin levels were measured in serum samples collected during the last pregnancy before EOC diagnosis. We used conditional logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs. Associations between hormones and EOC differed with respect to tumor histology and invasiveness. Sex steroid concentrations were not associated with invasive serous tumors; however, doubling of testosterone and 17-OHP concentration was associated with approximately 40% increased risk of borderline serous tumors. A doubling of androgen concentrations was associated with a 50% increased risk of mucinous tumors. The risk of endometrioid tumors increased with higher E 2 concentrations (OR: 1.89 (1.20–2.98)). This large prospective study in pregnant women supports a role of sex steroid hormones in the etiology of EOC arising in the ovaries.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1351-0088 , 1479-6821
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1530/ERC-14-0282
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Bioscientifica
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2010895-3
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Metabolic syndrome, plasma lipid, lipoprotein and glucose levels, and endometrial cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)
    Bioscientifica ; 2007
    In:  Endocrine-Related Cancer Vol. 14, No. 3 ( 2007-09), p. 755-767
    Details
    In: Endocrine-Related Cancer, Bioscientifica, Vol. 14, No. 3 ( 2007-09), p. 755-767
    Abstract: To clarify the role of metabolic factors in endometrial carcinogenesis, we conducted a case–control study nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), and examined the relation between prediagnostic plasma lipids, lipoproteins, and glucose, the metabolic syndrome (MetS; a cluster of metabolic factors) and endometrial cancer risk. Among pre- and postmenopausal women, 284 women developed endometrial cancer during follow-up. Using risk set sampling, 546 matched control subjects were selected. From conditional logistic regression models, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were inversely associated with risk body mass index (BMI)-adjusted relative risk (RR) for top versus bottom quartile 0.61 (95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.38–0.97), P trend = 0.02). Glucose levels were positively associated with risk (BMI-adjusted RR top versus bottom quartile 1.69 (95% CI 0.99–2.90), P trend = 0.03), which appeared stronger among postmenopausal women (BMI-adjusted RR top versus bottom tertile 2.61 (95% CI 1.46–4.66), P trend = 0.0006, P heterogeneity = 0.13) and never-users of exogenous hormones ( P heterogeneity = 0.005 for oral contraceptive (OC) use and 0.05 for hormone replacement therapy-use). The associations of HDL-C and glucose with risk were no longer statistically significant after further adjustment for obesity-related hormones. Plasma total cholesterol, Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides were not significantly related to overall risk. The presence of MetS was associated with risk (RR 2.12 (95% CI 1.51–2.97)), which increased with the number of MetS factors ( P trend = 0.02). An increasing number of MetS factors other than waist circumference, however, was marginally significantly associated with risk only in women with waist circumference above the median ( P interaction = 0.01). None of the associations differed significantly by fasting status. These findings suggest that metabolic abnormalities and obesity may act synergistically to increase endometrial cancer risk.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1351-0088 , 1479-6821
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1677/ERC-07-0132
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Bioscientifica
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2010895-3
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Obesity, inflammatory markers, and endometrial cancer risk: a prospective case–control study
    Bioscientifica ; 2010
    In:  Endocrine-Related Cancer Vol. 17, No. 4 ( 2010-12), p. 1007-1019
    Details
    In: Endocrine-Related Cancer, Bioscientifica, Vol. 17, No. 4 ( 2010-12), p. 1007-1019
    Abstract: Obesity, a major risk factor for endometrial cancer, is a low-grade inflammatory state characterized by elevated concentrations of cytokines and acute phase reactants. The current study had two aims: first to investigate the associations of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL6), and IL1 receptor antagonist (IL1Ra) with endometrial cancer risk and second to examine to which extent these markers can influence the association between obesity and endometrial cancer. We conducted a case–control study, nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition, which comprised 305 incident cases of endometrial cancer and 574 matched controls. CRP, IL6, and IL1Ra were measured in prospectively collected blood specimens by immunoassays. Data were analyzed using conditional logistic regression. All statistical tests were two-sided, and P values 〈 0.05 were considered statistically significant. We observed a significant increase in risk of endometrial cancer with elevated levels of CRP (odds ratio (OR) for top versus bottom quartile: 1.58, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03–2.41, P trend =0.02), IL6 (OR for top versus bottom quartile: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.08–2.54, P trend =0.008), and IL1Ra (OR for top versus bottom quartile: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.22–2.73, P trend =0.004). After adjustment for body mass index (BMI), the estimates were strongly reduced and became non-significant. The association between BMI and endometrial cancer was also substantially attenuated (∼10–20%) after adjustment for inflammatory markers, even when the effects of C-peptide or estrone had already been taken into account. We provided epidemiological evidence that chronic inflammation might mediate the association between obesity and endometrial cancer and that endometrial carcinogenesis could be promoted by an inflammatory milieu.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1351-0088 , 1479-6821
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1677/ERC-10-0053
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Bioscientifica
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2010895-3
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