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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chirality 4 (1992), S. 205-215 
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: cyclodextrins ; molecular mechanics ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A comparison of α-, β and γ-cyclodextrins in the solid state is made. Monomeric features analyzed include orientations of primary hydroxyl groups and pyran ring pucker. Macromolecular features examined include planarity of the oligomer, tilting of pyran rings, and, deviation from Cn symmetry where n = number of monomers. The mean values and standard deviations of these shape descriptors are given for cyclodextrins with and without guests embedded in their interiors. Molecular mechanics calculations using the MM2, AMBER, and CHARMM force fields show that most solid state cyclodextrins are trapped in high-energy conformations relative to the most stable forms found in this study. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chirality 5 (1993), S. 51-57 
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: molecular mechanic ; guest-host cyclodextrin complexes ; enantiodiscriminating forces ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A molecular mechanics investigation of R- vs. S-phenylethanol, R- vs. S-mandelic acid, R- vs. S-flurbiprofen, and R- vs. S-fenoprofen in their cyclodextrin crystal environments was undertaken. It was found that the dominant force responsible for guesthost complexation is the short-range London force; the enantiodiscriminating forces tend to be very small and are generally, but not always, dominated by long-range electrostatic contributions. Derivatized cyclodextrins are generally more enantiodiscriminating than native cyclodextrins, perhaps due to exterior rather than interior guest-host binding. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 57 (1995), S. 655-665 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: sulfate uptake ; chromium(VI) uptake ; GSH ; GST ; catalase ; cytotoxicity ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Chromium(VI) resistant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines were established in this study by exposing parental CHO-K1 cells to sequential increases in CrO3 concentration. The final concentration of CrO3 used for selection was 7 μM for Cr7 and 16 μM for Cr16 cells. Cr16-1 was a subclone derived from Cr16 cells. Next, these resistant cells were cultured in media without CrO3 for more than 6 months. The resistance of these cells to CrO3 was determined by colony-forming ability following a 24-h treatment. The LD50 of CrO3 for chromium(VI) resistant cells was at least 25-fold higher than that of the parental cells. The cellular growth rate, chromosome number, and the hprt mutation frequency of these chromium(VI) resistant cells were quite similar to their parental cells. The glutathione level, glutathione S-transferase, catalase activity, and metallothionine mRNA level in Cr7 and Cr16-1 cells were not significantly different from their parental cells. Furthermore, Cr16-1 cells were as sensitive as CHO-K1 cells to free-radical generating agents, including hydrogen peroxide, nickel chloride, and methanesulfonate methyl ester, and emetine, i.e., a protein synthesis inhibitor. The uptake of chromium(VI) and the remaining amount of this metal in these resistant and the parental cell lines were assayed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Experimental results indicated that a vastly smaller amount of CrO3 entered the resistant cell lines than their parental cells did. A comparison was made of the sulfate uptake abilities of CHO-K1 and chromium(VI) resistant cell lines. These results revealed that the uptake of sulfate anion was substantially reduced in Cr7 and Cr16-1 cells. Extracellular chloride reduced sulfate uptake in CHO-K1 but not in Cr16-1 cells. Therefore, the major causative for chromium(VI) resistance in these resistant cells could possibly be due to the defects in SO42-/C1- transport system for uptake chromium(VI).
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2013-08-23
    Description: Background: A lot of empirical studies have been conducted to evaluate the prevalence of depression and anxiety among Chinese adults with cancer. We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis in order to evaluate the prevalence and odds ratios of depression and anxiety in Chinese adults with cancer compared with those without. Methods: The three most comprehensive computerized Chinese academic databases-CNKI, Wangfang and Vip databases-were systematically screened through September 2012. PubMed and Web of Science (SCIE) were also searched from their inception until September 2012 without language restrictions, and an internet search was also used. Case--control studies assessing the prevalence of depression and anxiety among Chinese adults with cancer were analyzed. Study selection and appraisal were conducted independently by three authors. The non-weighted prevalence, pooled random-effects estimates of odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were all calculated. Results: Seventeen eligible studies with a total of 3497 subjects were included. The prevalence of depression and anxiety were significantly higher in adults with cancer compared with those without (Depression: 54.90% vs. 17.50%, OR = 7.85, 95%CI = 5.56-11.07, P = 0.000; Anxiety: 49.69% vs. 18.37%, OR = 6.46, 95%CI = 4.36-9.55, P = 0.000), the same situation was also observed in subgroup of control groups, assessment methods and cancer types. Although no difference of depression was observed in studies utilizing clinical diagnosis compared with self-report, the OR of anxiety in adults with cancer compared with those without was higher in studies utilizing clinical diagnosis (OR = 8.42, 95%CI = 4.83-14.70) than self-reports (OR = 5.83, 95%CI = 3.64-9.34). The ORs of depression and anxiety in cancer patients compared with disease group (Depression: OR = 6.03, 95%CI = 4.23-8.61; Anxiety: OR = 4.40, 95%CI = 3.05-6.36) were lower than in those compared with normal group (Depression: OR = 13.58, 95%CI = 6.26-29.46; Anxiety: OR = 15.47, 95%CI = 10.00-23.95). Conclusions: We identified high prevalence rates of depression and anxiety among Chinese adults with cancer. The findings support that the prevalence of depression and anxiety among adults with cancer should receive more attention in Chinese medical settings.
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-2407
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by BioMed Central
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2015-10-06
    Description: Parrotia subaequalis (Hamamelidaceae) is a Tertiary relic species endemic in eastern China. We used inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers to access genetic diversity and population genetic structure in natural five populations of P. subaequalis . The levels of genetic diversity were higher at species level ( H  =   0.2031) but lower at population level ( H  =   0.1096). The higher genetic diversity at species levels might be attributed to the accumulation of distinctive genotypes which adapted to the different habitats after Quaternary glaciations. Meanwhile, founder effects on the early stage, and subsequent bottleneck of population regeneration due to its biological characteristics, environmental features, and human activities, seemed to explain the low population levels of genetic diversity. The hierarchical AMOVA revealed high levels (42.60%) of among-population genetic differentiation, which was in congruence with the high levels of Nei's genetic differentiation index ( G ST  = 0.4629) and limited gene flow ( N m  = 0.5801) among the studied populations. Mantel test showed a significant isolation-by-distance, indicating that geographic isolation has a significant effect on genetic structure in this species. Unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic average clustering, PCoA, and Bayesian analyses uniformly recovered groups that matched the geographical distribution of this species. In particular, our results suggest that Yangtze River has served as a natural barrier to gene flow between populations occurred on both riversides. Concerning the management of P. subaequalis , the high genetic differentiation among populations indicates that preserving all five natural populations in situ and collecting enough individuals from these populations for ex situ conservation are necessary. Parrotia subaequalis (Hamamelidaceae) is a Tertiary relic species endemic in eastern China. The levels of genetic diversity were higher at species level but lower at population level. UPGMA clustering, PCoA, and Bayesian analyses uniformly recovered groups that matched the geographical distribution of this species. In particular, our results suggest that Yangtze River has served as a natural barrier to gene flow between populations occurred on both riversides.
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-7758
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2014-10-01
    Description: Background: Studies of functional modules in a Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network contribute greatly to theunderstanding of biological mechanisms. With the development of computing science,computational approaches have played an important role in detecting functional modules. Results: We present a new approach using multi-agent evolution for detection of functional modules in PPInetworks. The proposed approach consists of two stages: the solution construction for agents in apopulation and the evolutionary process of computational agents in a lattice environment, where eachagent corresponds to a candidate solution to the detection problem of functional modules in a PPInetwork. First, the approach utilizes a connection-based encoding scheme to model an agent, andemploys a random-walk behavior merged topological characteristics with functional information toconstruct a solution. Next, it applies several evolutionary operators, i. e., competition, crossover, andmutation, to realize information exchange among agents as well as solution evolution. Systematicexperiments have been conducted on three benchmark testing sets of yeast networks. Experimentalresults show that the approach is more effective compared to several other existing algorithms. Conclusions: The algorithm has the characteristics of outstanding recall, F-measure, sensitivity and accuracy whilekeeping other competitive performances, so it can be applied to the biological study which requireshigh accuracy.
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-2105
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science
    Published by BioMed Central
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2016-05-23
    Description: Disease similarity study provides new insights into disease taxonomy, pathogenesis, which plays a guiding role in diagnosis and treatment. The early studies were limited to estimate disease similarities based ...
    Electronic ISSN: 1752-0509
    Topics: Biology
    Published by BioMed Central
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2017-06-23
    Description: Purpose To evaluate the utility of the whole-lesion histogram apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) for characterizing the heterogeneity of mucinous breast carcinoma (MBC) and to determine which ADC metrics may help to best differentiate subtypes of MBC. Materials and Methods This retrospective study involved 52 MBC patients, including 37 pure MBC (PMBC) and 15 mixed MBC (MMBC). The PMBC patients were subtyped into PMBC-A (20 cases) and PMBC-B (17 cases) groups. All patients underwent preoperative diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) at 1.5T and the whole-lesion ADC assessments were generated. Histogram-derived ADC parameters were compared between PMBC vs. MMBC and PMBC-A vs. PMBC-B, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine optimal histogram parameters for differentiating these groups. Results The PMBC group exhibited significantly higher ADC values for the mean ( P  = 0.004), 25 th ( P  = 0.004), 50 th ( P  = 0.004), 75 th ( P  = 0.006), and 90 th percentiles ( P  = 0.013) and skewness ( P  = 0.021) than did the MMBC group. The 25 th percentile of ADC values achieved the highest area under the curve (AUC) (0.792), with a cutoff value of 1.345 × 10 −3 mm 2 /s, in distinguishing PMBC and MMBC. The PMBC-A group showed significantly higher ADC values for the mean ( P  = 0.049), 25 th ( P  = 0.015), and 50 th ( P  = 0.026) percentiles and skewness ( P  = 0.004) than did the PMBC-B group. The 25 th percentile of the ADC cutoff value (1.476 × 10 −3 mm 2 /s) demonstrated the best AUC (0.837) among the ADC values for distinguishing PMBC-A and PMBC-B. Conclusion Whole-lesion ADC histogram analysis enables comprehensive evaluation of an MBC in its entirety and differentiating subtypes of MBC. Thus, it may be a helpful and supportive tool for conventional MRI. Level of Evidence : 4 Technical Efficacy Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017.
    Print ISSN: 1053-1807
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-2586
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2017-11-09
    Description: Geochronological, geochemical, and isotopic studies were carried out on the Paleoproterozoic granitic rocks, widely exposed on the southeastern Liaodong Peninsula in Northeast China, in order to determine their ages and petrogenesis and further to provide constraint on the tectonic nature of the north segment of Paleoproterozoic Jiao–Liao–Ji Belt. The zircons from the monzogranitic gneisses, magnetite-bearing granitic gneisses, biotite-monzogranitic gneisses, and amphibole-bearing granitic gneisses fall into two groups, namely, magmatic and metamorphic. U–Pb and Lu–Hf isotopic data show that the magmatic zircons have peak ages of ~2,194, 2,485–2,603, and 2,951 Ma, and these age groups yield ε Hf values of +0.86 to +9.29, −3.04 to +3.70, and −2.86 and T C DM model ages of 2.19–2.67, 2.76–3.21, and 3.56 Ga, respectively, whereas the metamorphic zircons have a peak age of 1,910 Ma, ε Hf values of −7.71 to −2.02 and +0.69 to +7.63, with the corresponding T C DM model ages of 2.72 to 3.01 Ga and 2.08 to 2.52 Ga, respectively. Most of these granitic rocks are characterized by depletion in elements such as Nb, Ta, P, Ti, and peraluminous and belong to the high- to medium-K calc-alkaline series, suggesting I-type granites, whereas a few samples have high contents of SiO 2 , alkalis, and TFe 2 O 3 and are metaluminous to weakly peraluminous, which show typical features of A-type granites. We consider these granitic rocks were emplaced at 2,194 Ma and modified by a regional metamorphic event at 1,910 Ma. The parental magma was originated mainly from the partial melting of Neoarchean–Paleoproterozoic juvenile crustal materials. Taking into account the regional geology, we consider these granitic rocks were formed in relation to subduction at an active continental margin. A crustal growth event took place at 2.5–2.2 Ga and a metamorphic event at ~1.9 Ga.
    Print ISSN: 0072-1050
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-1034
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2017-09-01
    Description: ABSTRACT Relapses are observed in most HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B patients who discontinue nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs), but the rates of relapse vary widely among studies and whether all patients with relapse need retreatment is unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of different definitions on the rates of post-treatment relapse and therefore on the probability of retreatment in such patients who discontinued effective long-term NAs therapy. In total, 130 non-cirrhotic HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B patients before NAs were included. All had on-therapy virological remission for ≥24 months and close follow-up for ≥12 months after stopping NAs or until retreatment, which started on stringent predefined criteria. Relapses rates based on several predetermined definitions of virological and perhaps biochemical criteria were assessed. The median duration of therapy was 60 and of on-therapy virological remission 43 months. During a median off-NAs follow-up of 15 months, no patient experienced liver decompensation or died. Cumulative relapse rates ranged between 2%-49% at 3, 4%-73% at 6, 11%-82% at 12 and 16%-90% at 24 months, whereas cumulative retreatment rates were 15%, 22% and 40% at 6, 12 and 24 months after NAs discontinuation. No patient characteristic was independently associated with the probability of relapse based on at least two definitions or of retreatment. In conclusion, in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B patients who discontinue NAs, the definition of relapse has great impact on the off-NAs relapse rates and potentially on the probability of retreatment. Regardless of definition, off-NAs relapses cannot be easily predicted by the patients' characteristics. A substantial proportion of such patients may not require retreatment if stringent criteria are adopted. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0270-9139
    Electronic ISSN: 1527-3350
    Topics: Medicine
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