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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopic Studies of Sulphur-passivated GaAs Surfaces (1996)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 24 (1996), S. 564-568 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Three new sulphur-passivation techniques of GaAs surfaces are presented to solve the problem of longevity and durability. To explore the passivation mechanism, XPS in conjunction with other techniques are employed to study the chemical compositions of Ga and As atoms near the passivation film/substrate interfaces.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of distance geometry and molecular dynamics simulation techniques for conformational analysis of β-cyclodextrin (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 13 (1992), S. 41-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: Distance geometry and molecular dynamics simulation techniques were compared in their ability to search the conformational potential energy surface of β-cyclodextrin. Structures generated by the DISGEO program were minimized using three different atomic point charge sets. Some of these structures were used as starting points for molecular dynamics simulation in vacuo at 298K. The distance geometry results showed that the global features of the conformational potential energy surface were generally independent of the point charge set. The distance geometry technique was able to find structures of lower energy than those obtained by direct minimization of the X-ray or neutron diffraction structures. However, the molecular dynamics simulation technique was consistently able to find structures of lower energy than those generated by distance geometry. Root mean square fit of the trajectory structures to the starting structure showed that the simulation allowed the molecule to explore regions of the potential energy surface in the neighborhood of the starting structure. Both the distance geometry and molecular dynamics simulation techniques showed that β-cyclodextrin can adopt a wide range of conformations in the gas phase and that these conformations are much less symmetrical than the crystalline structure.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.540130106
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  • 3
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    Simulation of the Decadal Permafrost Distribution on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (China) over the Past 50 Years (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-11-21
    Description: ABSTRACT Decadal changes in permafrost distribution on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) over the past 50 years (1960–2009) were simulated with a response model that uses data from a digital elevation model, mean annual air temperature (MAAT) and the vertical lapse rate of temperature. Compared with published maps of permafrost distribution, the accuracy of the simulated results is about 85 per cent. The simulation results show: (1) with the continuously rising MAAT over the past 50 years, the simulated areas of permafrost on the QTP have continuously decreased; (2) through areal statistics, the simulated areas of permafrost were 1.60 × 10 6  km 2 , 1.49 × 10 6  km 2 , 1.45 × 10 6  km 2 , 1.36 × 10 6  km 2 and 1.27 × 10 6  km 2 , respectively, in the 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, 1990s and 2000s; and (3) the rate of permafrost loss has accelerated since the 1980s, and the total area of degraded permafrost is about 3.3 × 10 5  km 2 , which accounts for about one-fifth of the total area of permafrost in the 1960s. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Print ISSN: 1045-6740
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-1530
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 4
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    Systematic synergy modeling: understanding drug synergy from a systems biology perspective (2015)
    BioMed Central
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-17
    Description: Owing to drug synergy effects, drug combinations have become a new trend in combating complex diseases like cancer, HIV and cardiovascular diseases. However, conventional synergy quantification methods often depend on experimental dose–response data which are quite resource-demanding. In addition, these methods are unable to interpret the explicit synergy mechanism. In this review, we give representative examples of how systems biology modeling offers strategies toward better understanding of drug synergy, including the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network-based methods, pathway dynamic simulations, synergy network motif recognitions, integrative drug feature calculations, and “omic”-supported analyses. Although partially successful in drug synergy exploration and interpretation, more efforts should be put on a holistic understanding of drug-disease interactions, considering integrative pharmacology and toxicology factors. With a comprehensive and deep insight into the mechanism of drug synergy, systems biology opens a novel avenue for rational design of effective drug combinations.
    Electronic ISSN: 1752-0509
    Topics: Biology
    Published by BioMed Central
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  • 5
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    Clinical evidence of prevention strategies for capecitabine-induced hand-foot syndrome (2018)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-01-23
    Description: Hand-foot syndrome (HFS) is the most common adverse effect of capecitabine-containing chemotherapy. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacies of various prevention and treatment strategies for capecitabine-induced HFS. Searches of the PubMed and Embase databases were performed to identify relevant studies. The risk ratio (RR) with the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) was used as an effect measure to evaluate the efficacies of these prevention and treatment strategies. Publication bias was evaluated using Begg's and Egger's tests. Overall and subgroup analyses were conducted. All statistical analyses were conducted with Stata software version 12.0. Seventeen eligible studies were included. Our results indicated that celecoxib was significantly associated with a lower incidence of grade ≥2 capecitabine-induced HFS without heterogeneity (RR=0.43, 95% CI=0.23–0.81, I 2 =0.0%). However, pyridoxine and topical urea/lactic acid were not effective toward preventing capecitabine-induced grade 1, 2, 3, ≥1, or ≥2 HFS. Moreover, pyridoxine was not effective in treating capecitabine-induced HFS. Similar results were obtained by subgroup analysis. Our results indicate that celecoxib has potential prophylactic efficacy for capecitabine-induced HFS. However, pyridoxine and topical urea/lactic acid are not associated with a decrease in the incidence of capecitabine-induced HFS. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0020-7136
    Electronic ISSN: 1097-0215
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 6
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    Sterol content in the artificial diet of Mythimna separata affects the metabolomics of Arma chinensis (Fallou) as determined by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (2017)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-12
    Description: Insects cannot synthesize sterols and must obtain them from plants. Therefore, reducing plant sterol content or changing sterol type might be an effective pest control strategy. However, the impacts of these changes on pests’ natural predators remain unknown. Here, we fed artificial diets with reduced sterol content to Mythimna separata (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and investigated the effects on its natural predator, Arma chinensis (Fallou) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Reduced sterol content in M. separata (MS1, MS2, and MS5) was achieved by feeding them artificial diets prepared from a feed base subjected to one, two, or five cycles of sterol extractions, respectively. The content of most substances increased in A. chinensis (AC) groups feeding on MS2 and MS5. The content of eight substances (alanine, betaine, dimethylamine, fumarate, glutamine, glycine, methylamine, and sarcosine) differed significantly between the control (AC0) and treated (AC1, AC2, and AC5) groups. Metabolic profiling revealed that only AC5 was significantly distinct from AC0; the major substances contributing to this difference were maltose, glucose, tyrosine, proline, O -phosphocholine, glutamine, allantoin, lysine, valine, and glutamate. Furthermore, only two metabolic pathways, that is, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism and ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis, differed significantly between AC1 and AC5 and the control, albeit with an impact value of zero. Thus, the sterol content in the artificial diet fed to M. separata only minimally affected the metabolites and metabolic pathways of its predator A. chinensis , suggesting that A. chinensis has good metabolic self-regulation with high resistance to sterol content changes.
    Print ISSN: 0739-4462
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-6327
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 7
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    Motility characteristics in the transition zone in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GORD) patients (2016)
    BioMed Central
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-31
    Description: Defects in distal oesophageal peristalsis was thought to be an indication of incomplete bolus transit (BT). However, the role of transition zone (TZ) defects in the BT in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD)...
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-230X
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by BioMed Central
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  • 8
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    Impacts of climate change on reference evapotranspiration in the Qilian Mountains of China: Historical trends and projected changes (2018)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-12
    Description: Global climate change is likely to affect reference evapotranspiration (ET 0 ) and the use of water resources for vegetation management. Our goals were to identify spatio-temporal characteristics of ET 0 and factors controlling the change in ET 0 and to project spatio-temporal changes in the Qilian Mountains of China under the future climate conditions. Changes in ET 0 were estimated by the Penman–Monteith method for 22 meteorological stations from 1960 to 2015. We quantified the attributions of climatic factors with the differentiation equation method. Then, we assessed the spatio-temporal changes in projected ET 0 with CanESM2 model outputs and statistical downscaling model for three representative concentration pathways (RCP) scenarios for years 2016–2100. We found that annual ET 0 averaged across the region was 1001.5 mm, with an insignificant decrease of −0.43 mm/year during 1960–2015. The lowest values were present in the alpine region in the central area, while the highest ET 0 was detected in the western region. An annual and seasonal “evaporation paradox” existed in the Qilian Mountains during the past few decades. Mean daily air temperature measured ( T mean ) and wind speed ( U 2 ) were the dominant factors in ET 0 change. However, the decreasing trend in ET 0 may be due to a diminished effect of T mean triggered by short-wave radiation ( R s ), actual vapour pressure ( e a ), and wind speed ( U 2 ), but especially by the substantial reduction in U 2 at most stations. Compared with the baseline, ET 0 is likely to increase by 6.31–7.20, 6.11–10.41, and 6.58–17.66%, respectively, under RCP scenarios of 2.6 (very low forcing scenario), 4.5 (medium stabilization scenario), and 8.5 (very high emission scenario), but RCP2.6 ET 0 rates level off and even decline after 2050 while RCP4.5 rates climb only marginally after 2050. Thus, ET 0 projected with the CanESM2 model displayed an upwards trend in the Qilian Mountains, especially the central alpine region. ET 0 showed insignificant decreasing trends with increasing significant air temperature. Wind speed was the most important factor influencing ET 0 changes. Projected ET 0 displayed an upwards trend in the Qilian Mountains, especially the central alpine region. Increasing of evapotranspiration in the future may raise ecological water demand and aggravate water shortage.
    Print ISSN: 0899-8418
    Electronic ISSN: 1097-0088
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 9
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    HBx-related lncRNA Dreh inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis by targeting the intermediate filament protein vimentin (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-12-13
    Description: The hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) has been implicated as an oncogene in both epigenetic modifications and genetic regulation during hepatocarcinogenesis, but the underlying mechanisms are not entirely clear. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which regulate gene expression with little or no protein-coding capacity, are involved in diverse biological processes and in carcinogenesis. We asked whether HBx could promote hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by regulating the expression of lncRNAs. In this study, we investigated the alteration in expression of lncRNAs induced by HBx using microarrays and real-time quantitative PCR. Our results indicate that HBx transgenic mice have a specific profile of liver lncRNAs compared with wild-type mice. We identified an lncRNA, down-regulated expression by HBx (termed lncRNA-Dreh), which can inhibit HCC growth and metastasis in vitro and in vivo , act as a tumor suppressor in the development of HBV-HCC. LncRNA-Dreh could combine with the intermediate filament protein vimentin and repress its expression, further change the normal cytoskeleton structure to inhibit tumor metastasis. We also identified a human ortholog RNA of Dreh (hDREH) and found that its expression level was frequently down-regulated in HBV-related HCC tissues in comparison with the adjacent noncancerous hepatic tissues, and its decrement significantly correlated with poor survival of HCC patients. Conclusion : Our findings support a role of lncRNA-Dreh in tumor suppression and survival prediction in HCC patients. Our discovery contributes to a better understanding of the importance of the deregulated lncRNAs by HBx in HCC and provides a rationale for the potential development of lncRNA-based targeted approaches for the treatment of HBV-related HCC. (H EPATOLOGY 2012.)
    Print ISSN: 0270-9139
    Electronic ISSN: 1527-3350
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of The American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases.
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  • 10
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    Two Mononuclear Tri-Spin Compounds based on the Lanthanide-Nitronyl Nitroxide Radicals: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Magnetic Properties (2014)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-13
    Description: Two Ln III complexes based on a nitronyl nitroxide radical were synthesized and characterized structurally and magnetically: [ Ln (hfac) 3 [NITPh m -Cl] 2 ][0.5CH 3 (CH 2 ) 5 CH 3 ] [ Ln = Er ( 1 ), Nd ( 2 )] [hfac = hexafluoroacetylacetonate, NITPh m -Cl = 2-(3′-chlorophenyl)-4, 4,5, 5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide]. X-ray crystal structure analysis revealed that the two complexes have similar mononuclear tri-spin structures, in which the metal ions are octacoordinated by two radicals and three hfac molecules to form a slightly distorted dodecahedral arrangement. Each tri-spin unit connects through intermolecular hydrogen bonds, resulting in the formation of one-dimensional wave-like chain. Both of the complexes form a one-dimensional structure by intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Variable temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements studies revealed that there are antiferromagnetic interactions between the paramagnetic ions ( Ln III and radical).
    Print ISSN: 0044-2313
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-3749
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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