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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 58 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Besides diarrheagenic enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) that produce classical heat stable and/or heat labile enterotoxins (STs, LTs) and the class of Shiga-like toxin-producing enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), a new category of E. coli is defined sharing similarities with ETEC and EHEC. DNA hybridization studies indicate that some E. coli serovars from porcine origin harbor genes encoding cytotonic ST and cytotoxic Shiga-like toxin. The presence of two potent toxins might contribute to the virulence of such strains and should be taken into consideration when bioassays are performed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 145 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The pathogenic Neisseria have exploited the processes of horizontal DNA transfer and genetic recombination as mechanisms for the generation of extensive protein variation and modulation of gene expression. Localized recombinations have been well documented in members of multigene families as have alterations in short repetitive sequences. Here we report an analysis of the chromosomal structure of a defined lineage of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain MS 11 pilin variants. This study reveals the occurrence of large rearrangements, including the amplification of a 26 kb region and an inversion involving more than a third of the chromosome. Additionally, a restriction site polymorphism that correlates with pilin expression has been observed. These findings highlight the flexibility of the gonococcal genome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 127 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A glycine-histidine tag (Gly3His6) was added to the C-terminus of a fusion protein consisting of the cholera toxin B-subunit (CtxB) and the IgA protease β-domain (Iga β). The aim was to facilitate single-step purification and to create a suitable tool for kinetic and structural studies on Iga β-driven protein translocation across the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. We demonstrate that the glycine-histidine tag does not interfere with the assembly of Iga β in the outer membrane and that the translocator function of the modified Iga β is maintained. The applicability of the new construct for the dissection of the Iga β mediated translocation process and general aspects of C-terminal histidine tagging of outer membrane proteins are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 57 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Oligonucleotide probes constructed from the sequences published for Shiga-like toxin I (SLT-I) and Shiga-like toxin II (SLT-II) genes and antibody against the purified toxins were used to study the SLT (SLT-IIp) produced by porcine E. coli O138 and O139 strains. By DNA hybridization assays no homology was observed between SLT-I and SLT-IIp. By contrast the oligonucleotide probe derived from the slt-II A gene detected porcine strains of E. coli producing SLT-IIp and E. coli strains associated with human disease producing SLT-II. Homology of nucleotide sequences between SLT-IIp and SLT-II is reflected by serological cross-reactivity as demonstrated by a dot blot ELISA and neutralization of SLT-IIp with anti-SLT-II. The toxins were distinguishable in their ability to kill HeLa S-3 cells. The oligonucleotide probe and anti-SLT-II can facilitate identification of SLT-IIp producing E. coli to further clarify their role in diseased pigs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 137 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We previously identified and genetically characterized several factors essential for the natural competence of transformation in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Here we analyse the sequential action of these factors and dissect the overall transformation process into three distinct steps, (i) the sequence-specific uptake of transforming DNA into a DNase-resistant state, (ii) the transfer of DNA to the cytosol and (iii) the processing and recombination of the incoming with the resident DNA. While two pilus-associated factors, PilE and PilC, were previously implicated in the early DNA uptake event, we show here that three competence factors unrelated to pilus biogenesis, ComA, ComL and Tpc, are not essential for DNA uptake and rather act in a subsequent step. The respective mutants, however, lack the characteristic nucleolytic processing observed with the incoming DNA in both wild-type and non-transformable RecA-deficient N. gonorrhoeae, indicating that they are blocked in the processing and/or the delivery of DNA to the cytoplasm. A hypothetical model proposing a sequential action of the known gonococcal competence factors is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 100 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The horizontal flow of genetic material between microbes utilizes three principal routes: conjugation, transduction and transformation. While the significance in nature of the first two pathways is generally accepted, the in vivo role of transformation remains uncertain, despite the early observations by Griffith in 1928 on the transformation of streptococci from an avirulent to a virulent state [1]. Recently, circumstantial evidence was collected suggesting a role for transformation-mediated horizontal exchange in the modulation of virulence determinants of pathogenic Neisseriae and the variation of surface structures. In order to further assess the significance of transformation-mediated exchange we performed simple co-cultivation experiments of different Neisseria strains. We observed an efficient intra- and interspecies transfer of essential virulence determinants; the process was sensitive to the presence of DNaseI in the culture and was blocked in transformation-deficient recipients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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