Keywords:
Microalgae -- Biotechnology.
;
Microalgae -- Biotechnology -- Economic aspects.
;
Electronic books.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
Pages:
1 online resource (342 pages)
Edition:
1st ed.
ISBN:
9783110298321
URL:
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=990805
Language:
English
Note:
Intro -- Preface -- List of contributing authors -- 1 Introduction - Integration in microalgal biotechnology -- 1.1 Integration on the process level -- 1.2 Integration on the metabolic level -- 1.3 Integration into environmental conditions -- 1.4 Adaptation to cultural realities -- Integrated production processes -- 2 Products from microalgae: An overview -- 2.1 Microalgae: An introduction -- 2.2 Products -- 2.2.1 Use and production of algal biomass -- 2.2.2 Microalgae for human nutrition -- 2.2.2.1 Spirulina (Arthrospira) -- 2.2.2.2 Chlorella -- 2.2.2.3 Dunaliella salina -- 2.2.3 Microalgae for animal feed -- 2.2.4 Microalgae as natural fertilizer -- 2.2.5 Microalgae in cosmetics -- 2.2.6 Fine chemicals -- 2.2.6.1 PUFAs -- 2.2.6.2 Pigments -- Pigments as antioxidants -- Pigments as natural colorants -- 2.2.6.3 Polysaccharides -- 2.2.6.4 Recombinant proteins -- 2.2.6.5 Stable isotopes -- 2.2.7 Micro- and nanostructured particles -- 2.2.8 Bulk chemicals -- 2.2.9 Energy production from microalgae -- 2.2.9.1 Biodiesel -- 2.2.9.2 Bio-ethanol -- 2.2.9.3 Bio-hydrogen -- 2.2.9.4 Bio-gas -- 2.2.9.5 Biorefinery of microalgae -- 2.3 Conclusion -- References -- 3 Spirulina production in volcano lakes: From natural resources to human welfare -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Natural Spirulina lakes in Myanmar -- 3.3 Environmental parameters of Myanmar Spirulina lakes -- 3.4 Spirulina production from natural lakes -- 3.4.1 Harvesting -- 3.4.2 Washing and dewatering -- 3.4.3 Extrusion and sun drying -- 3.4.4 Lake-side enhancement ponds -- 3.5 Sustainable Spirulina production from volcanic crater lakes -- 3.6 Myanmar Spirulina products -- 3.7 Spirulina as biofertilizer -- 3.8 Spirulina as a biogas enhancer -- 3.9 Spirulina as a source of biofuel -- 3.10 Myanmar and German cooperation in microalgae biotechnology -- 3.11 Discussion -- 3.12 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments.
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References -- 4 Case study of a temperature-controlled outdoor PBR system in Bremen -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 5 Algae for aquaculture and animal feeds -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Microalgae use in aquaculture hatcheries -- 5.2.1 Microalgal strains used in aquaculture hatcheries -- 5.2.2 Methods of microalgae cultivation for aquaculture -- 5.2.3 Role of microalgae in aquaculture hatcheries -- 5.2.3.1 Microalgae as a feed source for filter-feeding aquaculture species -- 5.2.3.2 Microalgae as a feed source for zooplanktonic live prey -- 5.2.3.3 Benthic microalgae as a feed source for gastropod mollusks and echinoderms -- 5.2.3.4 Addition of microalgae to fish larval rearing tanks -- 5.2.3.5 Use of microalgal concentrates in aquaculture hatcheries -- 5.3 Use of algae in formulated feeds for aquaculture species and terrestrial livestock -- 5.3.1 Algae as a supplement to enhance the nutritional value of formulated feeds -- 5.3.1.1 Vitamins and minerals -- 5.3.1.2 Pigments -- 5.3.1.3 Fatty acids -- 5.3.2 Algae as a potential feed ingredient: source of protein and energy -- 5.4 Outlook -- References -- 6 Algae as an approach to combat malnutrition in developing countries -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Algae in human food -- 6.3 Microalgae as a solution against malnutrition: meet Spirulina -- 6.4 Small-scale Spirulina production as a development tool -- 6.5 Spirulina as a business to combat malnutrition -- 6.6 Spirulina and its place in food aid and development policies -- 6.7 Evidence of Spirulina in malnutrition -- 6.8 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 7 Hydrogen production by natural and semiartificial systems -- 7.1 Biological hydrogen production of microorganisms -- 7.2 Photobiological hydrogen production by green algae -- 7.3 Photohydrogenproduction by cyanobacterial design cells -- 7.4 Photohydrogen production by a "biobattery".
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7.5 Photobioreactor design for hydrogen production -- 7.6 Photobioreactor geometry -- 7.7 Process control -- 7.8 Upscaling strategies -- References -- 8 The carotenoid astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Characteristics and biosynthesis -- 8.2.1 Chemical forms of astaxanthin -- 8.2.2 Astaxanthin biosynthesis -- 8.2.3 Function of astaxanthin -- 8.3 Haematococcus pluvialis -- 8.3.1 General characteristics -- 8.3.2 Factors responsible for ax accumulation -- 8.3.3 Industrial production of Haematococcus -- 8.4 Conclusions and outlook -- References -- 9 Screening and development of antiviral compound candidates from phototrophic microorganisms -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Supply of natural compounds from microalgae -- 9.3 Sterilizable photobioreactors -- 9.4 Antiviral agents from microalgae -- 9.5 Antiviral screening -- 9.5.1 Primary target of screening -- 9.5.2 Smart screening approach -- 9.5.3 Basic process sequence -- 9.5.4 Antiviral activity and immunostimulating effects of Arthrospira platensis -- 9.5.5 Characterization of novel antiviral spirulan-like compounds -- 9.6 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 10 Natural product drug discovery from microalgae -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.1.1 Eukaryotic microalgae -- 10.1.1.1 Dinoflagellates -- 10.1.1.2 Diatoms -- 10.1.2 Cyanobacteria -- 10.1.2.1 Proteinase inhibitors -- 10.1.2.2 Cytotoxic compounds -- 10.1.2.3 Antiviral substances -- 10.1.2.4 Antimicrobial metabolites -- 10.1.2.5 Miscellaneous bioactivities -- 10.1.3 Three examples of current microalgal drug research projects -- 10.1.3.1 Dolastatins as leads for anti-cancer drugs -- 10.1.3.2 Cryptophycins as leads for anti-cancer drugs -- 10.1.3.3 Microcystins as targeted anti-cancer drugs -- 10.1.4 Outlook -- References -- Socio-economic and environmental considerations.
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11 Biorefining of microalgae: Production of high-value products, bulk chemicals and biofuels -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2. Structural biorefining approach of microalgae -- 11.2.1 Approach -- 11.2.2 Cell disruption, fractionation and mild cell disruption of organelles -- 11.2.3 Extraction and fractionation of high-value components -- 11.2.4 Economically feasible continuous biorefining concept -- 11.3. Conclusions -- References -- 12 Development of a microalgal pilot plant: A generic approach -- 12.1 Understanding the aims of the pilot plant -- 12.2 Pilot plant location and site selection -- 12.3 Develop the process flow diagram -- 12.4 Know what will be required to conduct experiments and measure the data -- 12.5 Sizing of the units -- 12.6 Plant layout -- 12.7 HAZOP study -- 12.8 Multidisciplinary review of the design -- 12.9 Tender for plant construction -- 12.10 Finalize the design -- References -- 13 Finding the bottleneck: A research strategy for improved biomass production -- 13.1 Introduction: What do we expect from cell engineering? -- 13.1.1 The need for domestication of microalgae -- 13.1.2 Limitation of traditional approaches to strain improvement -- 13.2 Algal domestication through chloroplast genetic engineering -- 13.2.1 Chloroplast engineering in Chlamydomonas: progress and challenges -- 13.2.2 A synthetic biology approach to chloroplast metabolic engineering -- 13.2.3 Mitigating the risks and concerns of GM algae -- 13.3 Algal domestication through nucleus genetic engineering -- 13.3.1 Improving light to biomass conversion by regulation of the pigment optical density of algal cultures -- 13.4 Models for predicting growth in photobioreactors -- 13.4.1 PAM fluorimetry: a keyhole to look into the photosynthetic machinery -- 13.4.2 Microalgae cultivation in photobioreactors: the fluctuating light effects.
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13.4.3 Standard model for growth under an exponential light gradient -- 13.5 Cells' response to changing environments: the example of nitrogen limitation -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 14 Trends driving microalgae-based fuels into economical production -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Leading trends -- 14.2.1 Microalgae biorefinery for food, feed, fertilizer and energy production -- 14.2.2 Biofuel production from low-cost microalgae grown in wastewater -- 14.2.3 Biogas upgrading with microalgae production for production of electricity -- 14.2.4 Hydrocarbon milking of modified Botryococcus microalgae strains -- 14.2.5 Hydrogen production combining direct and indirect microalgae biophotolysis -- 14.2.6 Direct ethanol production from autotrophic cyanobacteria -- 14.3 Production platforms -- 14.3.1 Ocean -- 14.3.2 Lakes -- 14.3.3 Raceways -- 14.3.4 Photobioreactors -- 14.3.5 Fermenters -- 14.4 Conclusions -- References -- 15 Microalgal production systems: Global impact of industry scale-up -- 15.1 Microalgal biotechnology -- 15.2 Global challenges, production and demand -- 15.2.1 Global fuel production and demand -- 15.2.2 Global food production and demand -- 15.2.3 Solar irradiance and areal requirement -- 15.2.4 Global challenges -- 15.3 Potential production and limitations -- 15.3.1 Solar energy and geographic location -- 15.3.2 Potential productivity -- 15.3.3 Land resources -- 15.3.4 Carbon management and associated costs -- 15.3.4.1 CO2 requirements -- 15.3.4.2 CO2 utilization and sequestration -- 15.3.4.3 CO2 delivery -- 15.3.5 Nutrient management and associated costs -- 15.3.5.1 Phosphorus -- 15.3.5.2 Nitrogen -- 15.3.5.3 Nutrient recycling -- 15.3.6 Water management and associated costs -- 15.4 Global impact of scale-up -- 15.4.1 Addressing world production -- 15.4.2 Economics of large-scale microalgal production systems.
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15.4.3 Techno-economic analysis of microalgal production systems.
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